(二)名词性短语和词组
　　1. 缺乏，缺少
　　lack of(be lack of 常在句中充当表语成分)考试大论坛
　　很多婚姻走向失败的根源在于缺乏真诚的交流和相互的信任。
　　The failure of many marriages has its roots in the lack of sincere communication and mutual trust.
　　2. (生活等)的节奏
　　the pace of (life等)
　　只要不断学习新东西，勇于进取，我们就能跟上时代的步伐。
　　As long as we make unceasing efforts to learn new things and move ahead, we will keep up with the pace of the times.
　　3. 时间的流逝或消失
　　the passage of time
　　岁月的流逝也无法抹去故乡在他心中的烙印。
　　The mark his hometown left upon his mind does not fade away with the passage of time.
　　4. ••••••的根源
　　the root of ...
　　一座大坝已经建立起来，从而彻底根除了过去威胁着沿岸人民安全的洪水。
　　A great dam has been built up so as to eliminate the root of flood, which used to endanger the people along the river.
　　5. 限度地; 容量地
　　(one’s) capacity
　　只要每个中国人都全力投入到中国的经济建设中,中华民族的腾飞就指日可待。
　　As long as every Chinese works to his capacity in the construction of China’s economy, the rise of Chinese nation is just round the corner.
　　6.距广场几家之遥
　　a few doors down the square
　　(即 “距离”+down+ “地点” 表示 “距…之遥”)
　　闻名遐迩的秦兵马俑位于西安城东20公里。
　　Twenty kilometers down east of Xi’an, there stands the well-known Museum of Qin Dynasty Terracotta Warriors and Horses.
　　7. ••••••的动机
　　the motive( for sth. or doing sth. )
　　获取文凭和学历并不是她们读研的一动机。
　　To obtain a diploma and degree is not at all the only motive that drives them to pursue their postgraduate studies.
　　8据估计/研究/报告/调查……
　　estimates /a research / a report / a poll are / is that …
　　根据教育部的一份调查报告，农村失学率是全国平均的七倍，从而导致他们的失业率是全国平均的两倍左右。
　　A report by the Department of Education is that in the countryside, the school dropout is seven times the national average, which leads to their unemployment rate twice the national average.
　　(三)介词(+名词)性短语和词组
　　1. 处于压力之下
　　under pressure
　　适当的压力能够调动人的积极性，而压力太大会使人受挫，甚至失败。
　　Under proper pressure, people are highly motivated; but, under excessive pressure, people feel frustrated and even end up in failure.
　　2. 超出了法律所允许的范围
　　beyond the limits legally allowed
　　任何行为超出了法律所允许的范围，必将受到法律的制裁。
　　Any act that goes beyond the limits legally allowed is bound to receive the punishment from the law.
　　3. 不得当地，不得体地
　　beyond a certain appropriate point
　　爱有助于孩子健康成长，但溺爱会宠坏,甚至毁了孩子。
　　Love adds health to the growth of children, but the love beyond a certain appropriate point will make them spoiled or even ruined.
　　4. 在如此轻松的环境里
　　in such relaxed surroundings / In such a cozy environment
　　在如此舒适的环境里，这些无家可归的孩子才真正享受到了家庭生活的温暖。
　　In such a cozy environment, these homeless children really enjoyed the warmth of family life.
　　5. 和，连同
　　together with
　　Poverty, together with lack of knowledge, made a terrible dream of the life in past. But today, prosperity, along with the progress of science, brings people the hope for new life.
　　贫穷和无知使过去的生活难以回首。而今天，繁荣和科学的进步给人们带来了新生活的希望。
　　6. 指望••••••
　　in the expectation that…
　　许多学生从大学毕业时, 就指望不久能找到称心的工作;但常常是事与愿违。
　　Many students graduate from college in the expectation that they can soon land jobs after their own hearts; but in most cases things go contrary to their wishes.
　　7. 在表面上来源：www.examda.com
　　on the surface
　　表面上她似乎很腼腆，而当你了解她时就会发现并非如此
　　She seems rather shy on the surface, but that is not the case when you get to know her.
　　8. 乍一看，初看到时
　　at first glance
　　乍一看，你会觉得他是疯了。可当你站在那儿观看一会儿，一股敬畏之情就会油然而生。
　　At first glance, you may believe he goes mad. But if you stand there watching him for a while, a feeling of awe will arise from the bottom of your heart.
　　9. 万一，如果••••••发生
　　in the event of
　　由于怕万一老板给他们穿小鞋甚至整他们，一些人对公司的业务从不发表不同见解。
　　In the event of the boss putting them to trouble or even punishing them, some people never express different views on the firm’s business.
　　10. 轮换，依次
　　in turn
　　中国税收政策的精神实质在于：取之于民，用之于民。
　　The essence of China’s tax policy lies in the fact that the taxes are taken from the people and in turn used for the good of the people.
　　11. 从古至今
　　throughout history
　　从古至今，孝敬老人一直是中华民族的传统美德。
　　Throughout history, being filial and respectful to the elders has been a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation.
　　12. 表面上
　　on the exterior
　　从外表看，这座建筑物雄伟壮观，集中体现了欧洲建筑艺术风格。
　　On the exterior, this building is grand and magnificent, reflecting the typical styles of European architecture arts.
　　13. 本质上，内在地
　　on the interior
　　她貌似怯弱，但内心却十分坚强，在困难面前从不屈服。
　　On the exterior, she is timid and weak-willed; but on the interior, she has a rather strong mind and never yields to any difficulties.
　　14. 在路上
　　on one’s trail
　　在通往成功的金字塔的道路上，只要你稳扎稳打，一步一个台阶，你就一定能登上顶峰。
　　So long as you go ahead steadily and proceed step by step on your trail to the pyramid of success, you are bound to reach its peak.
　　15.在他的单独管辖之下
　　under his sole authority / control
　　这个地区置于联合国维和部队的单独管辖之下。
　　This region is placed under the sole control of the Peace Troops of UN.