成人学位英语考试词汇学习：重点语法解析5
1、特殊词或结构中的虚拟语气
(1)以wish(that)引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句。
wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语+wish+从句(主语+过去时);表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语+wish+从句(主语+过去完成时)。
例1 I didn′t go to the party，but I do wish I _____ there.
A.were B.would be C.had been D.will be
【答案】C(2001年53题)
例2 Peter wishes that he ____ law instead of literature when he was in college.
A.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study
【答案】C(2000年53题)
(2)if only+句子(过去时/过去完成时)“要是……就好了”。
If only后面的句子如果是对现在或将来情况的虚拟，用过去时did;如果是对过去情况的虚拟，用过去完成时had done。要注意与if区别，if只表示假设，意为“如果”，用真实语气。而if only表示不可能实现的情况，用虚拟语气。
例： If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了。(对过去虚拟)
If only I were rich.要是我富有就好了。(对现在虚拟)
(3)would rather+句子(过去时)。
表示宁愿、宁可的意愿，语气比较婉转，后接过去式。
例1 I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you ____ next month for a dinner.
A.come B.would come C.came D.have come
【答案】C(2002年46题)
例2 I′d ____ you didn′touch that，if you don′t mind. A.rather B.better C.happier D.further
【答案】A(1998年45题)
(4)it is time (that)，it is high time(that)…句型中，谓语动词用过去时，表示早该做而未做的事，意思是“该……了、早该……了”。
例1 Let′s finish our homework in a faw seconds;it′s time we ____ _ .
A.played football B.will play football C.play football D.are playing football
【答案】A(2004年11月43题)
例2 Don′t you think it is time you __ smoking?
A.give up B.gave up C.would give up D.should give up
【答案】B(1999年31题)
(5)以as if，as though引导的从句。
在as if，as though引导的从句中，如果谈论的是不可能或不真实的情况时，他们所引导的状语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式和wish后面的从句动词形式变化相同。
例：He talks as he ___ everything in the world.
A.konws B.knew C.had known D.would have known
【答案】B 本句表示说话人对现在的情况有所怀疑，所以用过去的。
4、should +动词原形及should的省略
(1)一些表示建议、要求、命令等的动词本身隐含说话者主观的意见。因此这些动词(或其派生词，如名词、形容词、分词等)后面的从句应使用虚拟语气，即“should do”结构，其中的“should”常被省略。如：
表示“提议、建议”的动词：suggest，advise，propose，recommend，move(提议);
表示“要求、主张”的动词：insist，require，request，demand，desire;
表示：“命令”的动词：order，command。
例1 I don′t think it advisable that Tom _____ to she job since he has no experience.
A.be assigned B.is assigned C.will be assigned D.has been assigned
【答案】A(2006年11月29题)
例2 His mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.
A.put on B.puts on C.to put D.putting on
【答案】A(1999年58题) 此处省略了should。
例3 The doctor advised that Mr.Malan ____ an operation right away so as to save his life.
A.had B.would have C.have D.was going to have
【答案】C(1998年28题) 此处省略了should。
(2)It is necessary/important/essential/vital/urgent/surprising/amazing that…引导的主语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should + 原形动词，should也可以省略。此类形容词的特点是表示重要性或吃惊。
例1 It is vital that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.
A.is B.be C.must be D.can be
【答案】B(2004年11月24题)
例2 It′s urgent that a meeting _____ befor the final decision is made.
A.will be arranged B.must be arranged C.be arranged D.would be arranged
【答案】C(2003年4月45题)
(3)以in case，lest，for fear that 引导的状语从句，表示“以防、以免”其形式为should+动词原形。
He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. 他把雨衣带在身上以防下雨。
虚拟语气配套练习
1.You didn′t let me drive. If we ____ in turn，you ____ so tired.
A.drove ;did′t B.drove wouldn′t get C.were driving;wouldn′t get D.had driven;wouldn′t have got
2. ____ ，we could not have finished the work on time.
A.If they do not help us B.Was it not for their help C.Should they other to help us D.But for their help
3. ____ today，he would get there by Friday.
A.Was he leaving B.If he in leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves
4.If only I ____ how to operate a computer as you do!
A.had known B.would know C.should know D.knew
5. When a pencil is parly in a glass of water， it looks as if it ____ .
A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken
6. The chairman requested that ____ .
A.the members studied the problem more B.the problems were more carefully studied
C.the problems could be studied with more care D.the members study the problem more carefully
7. If I ____ you，I ____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A.was;shall pay B.am;will play C.would be;would pay D.were;would pay
8. We cannot imagine what our world ____ like without electric power.
A.is B.will be C.would be D.were
9.There was a half smile on his face which suggested that be ____ happy to have given his life for his country.
A.was B.should be C.would be D.were
10. We all agreed to her suggestion that we ____ to the Great Wall for sightseeing.
A.will go B.go C.shall go D.should have gone
11. The young man insisted that he ____ nothing wrong and ____ free.
A.did;set B.had done;should be set C.do;be set D.had done;must be set
12. I lost your address，otherwise I ____ you long before.
A.had visited B.have visited C.would have sisited 1D.should visit
13. ____ the rain we would have had a nice holiday.
A.But that B.But for C.Despite D.In spite of
14. ____ no gravity ，there would be no air around the earth.
A.Were there B.There were C.Was there D.There be
15. It′s getting rather late.It′time we ____ .
A.are going B.went C.go D.must go
16. They keep telling us that it is vital that we ____ there on time.
A.are B.be C.must be D.would be
参考答案： DDCDC; DDCAB; BCBAB; B
2017成考报名：2017年成人高考报名时间/入口
2017通关计划：2017年成人高考81天备考复习通关计划