PartⅡ Reading Comprehension(40 points)

Directions：There are 4 passages in this part.Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfin-ished statemenu.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A，B，C and D.Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the centre.

Passage l

There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic.At present，we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution，the problem is literally worldwide.On several occasions over the past decade，a heavy cloud of air ponution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic.

In fact，the very climate of the entire earth may be infected by air poHufion.Some scienfists con-sider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fos-sil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a "greenhouse effect"--conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world' s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world' s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Bos-ton, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water.

Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is bloc-king sunlight and lowering the earth' s temperature--a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agricul-ture difficult or impossible in many of our top fanning areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen ( though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible). Perhaps, if we are lucky enough,the two tendencies will offset each other and the world' s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.

16. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution__________.

A. caused widespread damage in the countryside

B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States

C. had damaging effect on health

D. existed merely in urban and industries areas

17. As to the greenhouse effect, the author__________.

A. shares the same view with the scientists

B. is uncertain of its occurrence

C. rejects it as being ungrounded

D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon

18. The word "offset" in the second paragraph could be replaced by__________.

A. slip into

B. make up for

C. set up

D. catch up with

19. It can be concluded that__________.

A. raising the world' s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth

B. lowering the world' s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming are-as to disaster

C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

D. the world' s temperature will remain constant in the years to come

20. This passage is primarily about__________.

A. the greenhouse effect

B. the burning of fossil fuels

C. the potential effect of air pollution

D. the likelihood of a new ice age

Passage 2

Harriet Beecher Stowe had poured her heart into her anti-slavery book," Uncle Tom' s Cab-in". But neither she nor her first publisher thought it would be a big success. The publisher was so doubtful that he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him, and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress.

But when the first 5,000 copies were printed in 1602, they sold out in two days. In a year the book had sold 300,000 copies in the United States and 150,000 in England. For a while it outsold(销得比…多) every book in the world, except the Bible.

Within six months of its release, a play was made from the book which ran 350 performances in New York and remained America' s most popular play for 55 years.

It might appear that" Uncle Tom's Cabin"was universally popular, but this was certainly not true. Many people during those pre-Civil War days--particularly defenders of the slavery system--condemned it as false propaganda and poorly written melodrama(传奇剧作品).

Harriet did have strong religious views against slavery (When asked how she came to write the book, she replied," God wrote it. "), and she tried to convince people slavery was wrong, so per-haps the book could be considered propaganda. But if so, it was true propaganda, because it accu-rately described the evils of slavery.

Though shewas born in Connecticut, 1582, as a young woman she moved to Cincinnati,Ohio, when her father accepted the presidency of newly founded Lane Theological Seminary( 神学院). Ohio was a free state, but just across the Ohio River in Kentucky, Harriet saw slavery in ac-tion. She lived 18 years in Cincinnati, marrying Calvin Stowe, professor of a college. In 1601,Harriet Beecher Stowe began her book.

Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system. Today some historians(历史学家) think that it helped bring on the American Civil War.

In fact, when Abraham Lincoln met Harriet at the White House during the Civil War, he said,"So, this is the little lady who started this big war. "

21. Before the publication of the book "Uncle Tom' s Cabin"__________.

A. Harriet knew that it would be a great success

B. the publisher wanted Harriet to publish it at her own expense

C. nobody knew that it would become a very popular book

D. no publisher wanted to publish this anti-slavery book

22. Some people did not like "Uncle Tom' s Cabin" chiefly because__________.

A. the author was merely an unknown little lady

B. they thought it was mere propaganda

C. the book was poorly written

D. the book might lead to a terrible war

23. Harriet Beecher Stowe was able to describe the evils of slavery because__________.

A. she had lived for 18 years in a state where slavery was legal

B. she had suffered quite a lot under the slavery system

C. she had witnessed what happened under the slavery system

D. she had read a lot about the slavery system

24. When Abraham Lincoln called Harriet "the little lady who started this big war", he__________.

A. thought that she was almost a war criminal

B. was talking about the great influence her book had produced

C. was blaming her for the miseries the people had suffered during the war

D. was praising her for the contributions she had made during the war

25. The walter wrote the passage in order to

A. expose the evils of the slavery system__________.

B. condenm all kinds of war

C. describe people' s life in Harriet' s time

D. tell us how Harriet wrote her famous book

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