（二）语态

现在我们一起来看一下三级考试中对语态的考查。语态的考查一般都与时态的考查、情态动词的考查、非谓语动词的考查相结合，在考试中应当考虑这些因素。请做下面的试题：

考例：

1）The course would have been offered this term, but it

A

cancelled because too few students had registered before

B　C

registration closed.（2000.6）

D

2）The development of industry has also brought about large

A B

numbers of problems which have to solve.（2002.6）

C　D

3）These part-time students expect to offer some jobs on

A B

campus during the coming summer vacation.（2004.4）

C　D

4）We shall ask for samples and then we can make our decision.（2003.11）

A.to be sent

B.being sent

C.to have been sent

D.to sent

5）The question at the meeting tomorrow is very important.（2004.11）

A.to discuss

B.being discussed

C.to be discussed

D.will be discussed

6）I can't find the recorder in the room.It by somebody.（2003.11）

A.must have taken

B.may have taken

C.may have been taken

D.should have been taken

7）Being felt that she had done something wonderful, she sat down to rest.（2005.4）

A B C D

8）The dish terrible! I don't like it at all.

A.can't

B.tasted

C.will taste

D.is tasted

9）The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport.

A.were just unloading

B.were just been unloading

C.had just unloaded

D.were just being unloaded

「答案」BDAAC CABD

「评析」

1.是否可用被动语态主要看谓语动词与句子主语之间的关系，如果是动宾关系自然用被动语态。这样单纯考察被动语态的试题只会出现在辨别改错中，如：1）、2）和3）。

1）The course would have been offered this term, but it

A

cancelled because too few students had registered before

B　C

registration closed.（2000.6）

D

答案：B

2）The development of industry has also brought about large

A B

numbers of problems which have to solve.（2002.6）

C　D

答案：D

3）These part-time students expect to offer some jobs on

A B

campus during the coming summer vacation.（2004.4）

C　D

答案：A

2.考查被动语态和时态的结合，如：9）。

9）The goods __________ when we arrived at the airport.

A.were just unloading

B.were just been unloading

C.had just unloaded

D.were just being unloaded

答案：D

3.考查被动语态和情态动词的结合，如：6）。

6）I can't find the recorder in the room.It by somebody.（2003.11）

A.must have taken

B.may have taken

C.may have been taken

D.should have been taken

答案：C

4.考查被动语态和非谓语动词的结合，如：4）、5）和7）。

4）We shall ask for samples and then we can make our decision.（2003.11）

A.to be sent

B.being sent

C.to have been sent

D.to sent

答案：A

5）The question at the meeting tomorrow is very important.（2004.11）

A.to discuss

B.being discussed

C.to be discussed

D.will be discussed

答案：C

5.转化为系动词的感官动词＋表语，这种结构中用动词的主动形式表达被动意义。这样的动词有feel, smell, sound, taste等，如8）。再如：

Good medicine tastes bitter.良药苦口。

This material feels very soft.这种材料摸起来很柔软。

再者：

不及物动词不可能有被动语态，但及物动词也未必有被动语态，主要是看句子侧重表达的概念，如：

This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ____ comfortably.

A.is worn

B.wears

C.wearing

D.are worn

答案：B

题中wear表示眼镜的特点，不可用被动语态。这样的动词有cut, read, sell, wash, wear, write等。例如：

This kind of software sells well.这种软件卖得很好。

The knife cuts well.这把刀很好切。

Nylon underwear washes well.尼龙内衣很容易洗。