Chokwe Selassie is on a mission to help drivers avoid potholes( 路面坑洼). The eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his mission on a recent morning, when his mother was driving him to school. Their car was damaged as it went over a huge pothole in the middle of the street in their hometown of Jackson, Mississippi. "I decided I was going to do something about the pothole prob-lem in my city," Chokwe says. His solution: an app(手机应用) that warns drivers when there is a pothole ahead.

Chokwe developed the app with his friends Rodriguez Ratliff and Emmanuel Brooks. "When the app detects a potheole, it is highlighted(突出显示) in red," Chokwe says. "And if you get close to the pothole, your phone will warn you. " Drivers can also use the app to report any pot-holes" they encounter, and to look for other routes they can take to avoid roads that have them.

The app relies on Current available information about the streets of Jackson. "It works by u-sing the city' s 311 call system, so it uses information already stored in a database," Chokwe says.

(79) Through the call system, citizens dial 3-1-1 to report non-emergency problems--whiCh in-clude potholes. Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jack-son would give them a large enough sample size to test the prototype(原型).

(80) Although the app isn' t yet available for sale, Chokwe is already looking for ways to im-prove it. The prototype remains limited'to 10 streets in Jackson, but he hopes to add more, so that it includes every street in the city. And then he wants to go even farther. "I want to keep working on the app until it' s nationwide," Chokwe says.

第11题 Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A.A Solution to Traffic Jams

B.An App to Detect Potholes

C.Pothole Problems in Big Cities

D.Poor Road Conditions

答案：B

解析：【内容概要】

本文介绍了一个叫乔科韦的学生使用自己开发的手机应用来帮助解决城市路面坑洼问题。文章先说了他为什么想要解决路面坑洼问题，接下来介绍了手机应用的使用方法和信息来源，后指出乔科韦想要继续应用的开发并推向全国。

【译文】

乔科韦?塞拉斯肩负着帮助司机避免路面坑洼的任务。这个密西西比州杰克逊市八年级学生是在近的一个清晨开始有进行这个工作的想法的。当时，他的母亲开车送他去上学。在通过路中间一个大坑洞的时候，车子损坏了。“我决定要对城市里的路面坑洼问题做点什么，”乔科韦说。他的结论就是：通过一个手机应用提醒司机前方有坑洼问题。

乔科韦和他的朋友罗德里格斯?拉特利夫及艾玛纽尔?布鲁克斯一起开发了这个手机应用。“当应用监测到前方有坑洼，会显示突出的红色，”乔科韦说道，“如果你离坑洼很近，那么手机就会发出警报。”司机也可以用这个应用来汇报他们在路上遇到的坑洼现象，更改路线避开有坑洼的地段。

这款手机应用主要依赖现有的杰克逊市街道可用信息。“应用是通过城市311电话呼叫系统运作的，所以只能使用311数据库中现有的信息。”乔科韦说。通过电话系统，市民拔打311来报告非紧急的情况，包括路面坑洼情况。乔科韦和他的朋友们认为重点关注从杰克逊市繁忙的10条街道采集的信息可以为原型测试提供足够的采样数据。

尽管这个手机应用软件还没有用于销售，乔科韦已经开始寻求方法来改进它。原型目前局限在杰克逊市的10条街道，但他希望能添加更多信息，包括城市中所有的街道。他还想更进一步。“我想继续开发这个应用，直到它覆盖全国的信息。”乔科韦说。

【精解精析】

【定位】段后一句“His solution：an app that warns drivers when there is a pothole ahead.”。

【答案详解】综合分析题。题干问的是“下列哪个适合做文章的标题?”根据定位句“他的结论就是：通过一个手机应用提醒司机前方有坑洼问题。”可知文章主要是关于如何使用这种手机应用来应对路面坑洼问题的。A项“交通堵塞问题的解决方法”;B项“监测路面坑洼的手机应用”;C项“大城市的路面坑洼问题”;D项“糟糕的道路状况”。B项符合文章的意思，故选B。

第12题 The phrase kick off in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to__________.

A.leave

B.invent

C.begin

D.shift

答案：C

解析：【定位】段第二句“The eighth-grader was inspired to kick off his mission on a recent morning，when his mother was driving him to school.”。

【答案详解】词汇题。题干问的是“段中的词组kick off在意思上接近哪个词?”A项“离开”;B项“发明”;C项“开始”;D项“转移，变化”。分别代入定位句，结合上下文，C项符合，故选C。

第13题 People use the 311 call system to report__________.

A.emergencies

B.terrorist attacks

C.non-emergencies

D.child abuse

答案：C

解析：【定位】第三段第三句话“Through the call system，citizens dial 3-1-1 to report non.emer-gency problems--which include potholes.”。

【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“人们用311电话系统报告什么?”根据定位句“通过电话系统，市民拨打311来报告非紧急的情况，包括路面坑洼情况”可知答案。故选c。

第14题 The prototype focuses on __________ streets in Jackson.

A.10

B.15

C.20

D.25

答案：A

解析：【定位】第三段后一句话“Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10busiest streets in Jackson…”。

【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“原型测试主要是根据杰克逊市多少条道路的情况进行?”根据定位句“乔科韦和他的朋友们认为重点关注从杰克逊市繁忙的10条街道采集的信息…”可知，是10条街道，故选A。

第15题 According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.Chokwe developed the app all by himself.

B.People can buy this app from the online store.

C.His mother' s car was once damaged over a pothole.

D.The app works by using the city's 911 call system.

答案：C

解析：【定位】第二段句话“Chokwe developed the app with his friends Rodriguez Ratliff and Emmanuel Brooks.”;第四段句话“Although the app isn’t yet available for sale…”;段第三句“Their car was damaged as it went over a huge pothole in the middle of the street…”;第三段第二句“It works by using the city’s 311 call system…”。

【答案详解】综合分析题。题干问的是“根据文章，下列哪项是正确的?”根据定位句“乔科韦和他的朋友罗德里格斯?拉特利夫及艾玛纽尔?布鲁克斯一起开发了这个手机应用。”(A项);“尽管这个手机应用软件还没有用于销售…”(B项);“在通过路中间一个大坑洞的时候，车子损坏了。”(C项);“应用是通过城市311电话呼叫系统运作的…”(D项)可知，答案中只有C项是符合文中原义的，故选C。

【高频词汇】

1.kick off开始 2.detect v.侦测，侦察 3.encounter v.遇到，见到

4.rely on依靠，依赖 5.available aaj.可得到的，可获得的6.database n.数据库

7.prototype n.原型8.100k for寻找

【难句解析】

①Chokwe and his friends determined that focusing on the 10 busiest streets in Jackson would give them a large enough sample size to test the prototype.

此句为宾语从句，从句用关系词that引导。从句的主语是一个现在分词短语，着重表现动作的报考性。

②I want to keep working on the app until it’s nationwide.

我们常用not…until的句式，实际上，until前面的主句也可以用肯定式。区别在于：until-定要与延续性动词连用，如此句中的“work”，而not until可与短暂性动词连用。