【谓语动词】必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，受主语的限定，因此又被称为动词的限定形式。
【非谓语动词】不受主语的限制，因此又被称为动词的非限定形式。主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语成分。
非谓语动词的不同形式
不定式 | 主动态 | 被动态 | 例句 |
一般式 | To do | To be done |
Your mother wanted to see you.
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
|
完成式 | To have done | To have been done |
Mary is said to have written a novel.
The book is said to have been translated into English.
|
进行式 | To be doing | / | When I came in, he pretended to be reading a book. |
完成进行式 | To have been doing | / | He pretended to have been listening to the teacher. |
动名词 | 主动态 | 被动态 | 例句 |
一般式 表示一般性动作或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作 | Doing | Being done |
I love singing.
He remembered being taken to Guangzhou when he was a child.
|
完成式 强调动名词的动作已经完成 或者 动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前 | Having done | Having been done |
He was praised for having passed the exam.
She is proud of having been sent to work in New York.
|
现在分词表主动、进行，过去分词表示被动、完成。
分词与其逻辑主语的关系是主动的用现在分词；被动的用过去分词。
现在分词与过去分词，可视为形容词。甚至在出现于被动态、进行式的时候，仍然可以把过去分词、现在分词视为形容词。
形容词是用来形容名词的，在句中有两种位置：名词短语中、补语位置。这两个位置都可以放分词来取代形容词，同样达到修饰名词的目的。
现在分词 | 主动态 | 被动态 | 例句 |
一般式 | Doing | Being done |
Looking out of the window, I can see flowers.
Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter.
|
完成式 强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前 | Having done | Having been done |
Having closed all the windows, I went home.
Having been invited to the party, Tim was very excited.
|
过去分词 | |||
Done | Seen from the top of the Great Wall, Beijing looks more beautiful. | ||
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