一、阅读理解(1-15)

Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.

The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist's function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the job, the equipment used~ and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.

Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks", during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.

1.From the first sentence of the passage, we learn that the primary objective of industrial psychology is to study__________

A.working efficiency that leads to the highest output

B.the working skills and the working environment

C.the techniques leading to the highest productivity

D.the use of workers to get the greatest profit

答案：C

2.A test in industrial psychology is used to find out __________

A.a worker's achievements

B.a worker's potential for a certain job

C.a worker's psychological problem

D.a worker's motivation for a certain job

答案：B

3.The industrial psychologist's function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that the former__________

A.places great emphasis on maximum production

B.cares little about the increase of production

C.is mainly concerned with workers' satisfaction

D.worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions

答案：B

4.In an industrial psychologist's mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT__________

A.the steps in which work is done

B.the state of mind of a worker when working

C.the effect of working environment on a worker

D.the value of the product a worker is making

答案：D

5.Based on the results of the industrial psychologists' studies, it is certain that __________

A.two breaks in a day lead to lower productivity than one

B.working without breaks may not yield the highest efficiency

C.communication is increasing between the employers and employees

D.changing tools will help increase the production

答案：B

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