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新东方英语四级考试�汇笔记:第二课

第2课

  �谓语动�与独立主格:短语,��(或者��,短语)
  1.当短语部分有独立主语,并且该主语��于��主语,这时短语结构称为独立主格。(它明显的特点是短语部分有独立的主语)。
  独立主格的结构1:��(代�)+ 分� [现在分��过去分�]
  现在分�表示主动的,正在进行的行为;过去分�表示被动的,已�完�的行为。 作题时�通过判断动作与��(代�)之间的关系�确定是使用现在分�还是过去分�。当动作由��(代�)�出时使用现在分�,而��(代�)是�动者时则用过去分�。
  54. Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.
  A followed B following C to follow D being followed
  49. All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.
  A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
  call off �消; cancel vt. �消; 四级中的考点就是现在分�和过去分�的区别。
  独立主格的结构2:with + ��(代�)+ 分� [��当中作状语]
  36. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
  A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
  as well as 和(相当于and); be encouraged�会考。
  动��定�有预示将�行为的�义。to be encouraged 将�被鼓励;
  been encouraged 已�被鼓励完了,与主�的谓语动�相对;being encouraged 正在被鼓励
  2.短语部分没有独立主语,则短语结构称为�谓语动�。
  �谓语动�的结构:分�(分�短语)
  ��的主语决定�谓语动�中的分�是用主动还是被动形�。如果是��的主语�出动作,则使用现在分�;如果动作�是由��的主语�出,则使用过去分�。
  43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
  A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
  perform vt. 表演,演出,演�;
  to be performed 将�被演�; being performed 正在被演�;
  一些特殊的动�:
  点:forget 忘记; [�义] remember 记得;
  这两个��加动��定�表示将�进行的行为;这两个��加动�ing形�表示已��过的事情。
  注�:动��与现在分�形�一样,但�义��。这两个��加动�ing形�都是动��。
  forget to do sth. 忘记�去��事; forget doing sth. 忘记�过�事;
  remember to do sth. 记得�去��事; remember doing sth. 记得�过�事;
  62. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
  A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
  offer vt. �出,�供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
  him once offering 如果改� his once offering 也正确。
  动��的��结构:凡是一个动�的���以加动��,就�以加动��的��结构。
  动作�出者 + 动��;当动作�出者�字给出时:��所有格 + 动��;当动��的��结构在文章中出现,且动作�出者在�文中�过时:形容�物主代�(宾格)+ 动��。
  形容�物主代�:his, her, my, your, their, our。代�宾格:him, her, me, you, us, them。
  第二点:want 想�; want to do sth. 想��事; want doing 客观需�或缺�。
  48. Your hair wants _B_. You'd better have it done tomorrow.
  A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
  注�:want doing 中doing表示的是被动�义。
  18. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
  A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
  第三点:mean �味; mean to do sth. 打算��事,�欲… ;mean doing �味�,…的��是…
  25. There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待�]
  A making B to make C to have made D having made

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