英è¯å››çº§é˜…读长难å�¥ç»“构分æž�:分割结构
英è¯å››çº§é˜…读长难å�¥ç»“构分æž�:分割结构
  å�«æœ‰åˆ†éš”结构的å¤�æ�‚å�¥é€šå¸¸æ˜¯æŒ‡é‚£äº›å�¥å�结构主谓ã€�谓宾ã€�宾补之间å˜åœ¨ç�€å…¶ä»–æˆ�分。而有时这些介入æˆ�分å�ˆè¾ƒé•¿ï¼Œä»Žè€Œä½¿æœ¬æ�¥åº”该紧è�”在一起得å�¥å�æˆ�分被分隔开了。å�¦å¤–还有一ç§�分隔结构是å�Œä½�è¯å’Œå®šè¯å�Œå®ƒä»¬æ‰€ä¿®é¥°å¾—æˆ�分分隔,由于作å�Œä½�è¯å’Œä½œå®šè¯å¾—å�¥å�太长,而å�Žé�¢å¾—部分å�ˆå¤ªçŸï¼Œä¸ºäº†ä¿�è¯�å…¨å�¥æ„�æ€�表达得完整性常常把å�Œä½�è¯æˆ–å®šè¯æ”¾åˆ°å�¥å�å�Žï¼Œå½¢æˆ�分隔得结构。一般æ�¥è¯´åˆ†éš”结构本身ä¸�难辨认,但当å�¥å�较长,æˆ�分较多,被分隔得  部分å�ˆç›¸è·�è¾ƒè¿œæ—¶å°±å®¹æ˜“é€ æˆ�ç�†è§£éšœç¢�,而且常常被分隔得æˆ�分å�ˆæ�°æ�°æ˜¯å�¥å�å¾—ä¸»å¹²ã€‚å› æ¤å‡†ç¡®åˆ¤æ–分隔结构,ç�†é¡ºå�¥å�主干就æˆ�了ç�†è§£è¿™ç±»å�¥å�得关键。
  Exercise:
  We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about。
  Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life。
  Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching。
  �点分�和�考译文
  è¦�点:定è¯ä»Žå�¥â€œpeople are moving aboutâ€�被比较状è¯â€œmore than ever before in historyâ€�分隔。æ¤çŽ°è±¡ä¸ºâ€œåˆ†éš”å®šè¯â€�
  �考译文:我们生活在一个四处奔波甚于历�上任何时期得时代。
  è¦�点:the last of Adolf Hitler’s life 作为eveningå¾—å�Œä½�è¯ï¼Œå› 为比较长而放在了å�¥å�å�Žé�¢ï¼Œä½¿å�¥å�平衡。
  å�‚考译文:夜晚已ç»�æ�¥ä¸´ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯é˜¿é�“夫希特勒生命ä¸å�Žçš„一个夜晚。
  è¦�点:when引导的时间状è¯ä»Žå�¥çš„ä¸»è¯ an announcementå�Žå¸¦æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªthat 引导的å�Œä½�è¯ä»Žå�¥(that enemy missiles are approaching)ï¼Œè¯´æ˜Žå…¶å†…å®¹ï¼Œå› ä¸ºè°“è¯éƒ¨ 分太çŸï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥å°†å�Œä½�è¯ä»Žå�¥ç½®äºŽå…¶å�Žï¼Œä»¥ä¿�æŒ�å�¥å�平衡。
  å�‚考译文:当广æ’é‡Œä¼ å‡ºæ•Œæ–¹å¯¼å¼¹æ£åœ¨æŽ¥è¿‘ï¼Œå‡ ä¸ªé‚»å±…éƒ½å¸Œæœ›åœ¨è¡—é�“的一的一个防空洞ä¸å¯»æ±‚完全。
  Exercise
  I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street。
  The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family。
  With rock,illusion of shared feelings, bodily contact and grunted formulas, which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech, are the basis of association。
  è¦�点:让æ¥çжè¯though not again at 10 Downing Street 被æ�’å…¥è¯she reminded me所分隔。而且该让æ¥çŠ¶è¯æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªçœ�略的结构,全å�¥åº”为though(it will) not(be)again at 10 Downing Street. 还应看出让æ¥çŠ¶è¯æ‰€è½¬è¾¾çš„æ„�æ€�æ£æ˜¯æ�’å…¥è¯çš„å®¾è¯æ‰€è¦�转达的æ„�æ€�。 she reminded me (it will not be again at 10 Downing Street)。çœ�略和æ�’入的使用使全å�¥çš„æ„�æ€�得以很好地衔接连贯ã€�ç»“æž„ç´§å‡‘ï¼Œæ— å¤šä½™çš„æˆ�分。
  �考译文:我打算�久和她在英国��,�过她�醒我地点��是��街��了。
  è¦�点:æ¤å�¥è¯�çš„ä¸»è°“è¢«å¾ˆé•¿ä¸€æ®µå®šè¯æˆ�分所分隔,å�¥å�主干应是“The cessation...is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate familyâ€�,由于主干ä¸çš„iså‰�没有逗å�·åˆ†å¼€ï¼Œè€Œä¸”å‰�é�¢å�ˆå‡ºçŽ°äº†ä¸€ä¸ªis imminent,还由于å�Œä¸»è¯The cessation拉开的è·�离太远,所以ä¸�容易很快找到。Whenå‰�é�¢çš„部分如果ä¸�注æ„�很容易错误地ç�†è§£ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªå�¥å�,å�³â€œThe cessation...means to prolong the life of body。â€�实际上means是个å��è¯�,æ„�为“方法,手段â€�,ä¸�是动è¯�“æ„�味ç�€â€�。而且meanså‰�é�¢æœ‰ä¸ªå½¢å®¹è¯�extraordinary作定è¯ï¼Œä¸�å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯åЍè¯�,尽管æ„�æ€�上说得通。when引导的状è¯ä»Žå�¥é‡Œå¸¦äº†ä¸€ä¸ªå®šè¯ä»Žå�¥that biological death is imminent,它们一起æ�’入了主è¯å’Œè°“è¯ä¹‹é—´ã€‚把means错当动è¯�和状è¯å¸¦å®šè¯çš„æ�’入使得整å�¥çš„结构å¤�æ�‚化了,致使主干å�¥çš„主谓ä¸�容易看出æ�¥ã€‚
  å�‚考译文:在有ä¸�å�¯å��驳的è¯�æ�®è¡¨æ˜Žç—…人å�³å°†è¿›å…¥ç”Ÿç�†æ»äº¡æ—¶ï¼Œå�œæ¢é‡‡å�–é�žå¸¸æŽªæ–½æ�¥å»¶é•¿å…¶ç”Ÿå‘½åº”该由病人和(或)其直系亲属æ�¥ä½œå‡ºå†³å®šã€‚
  è¦�点:主干结构应是illusions...,...contact and ... formulas are the basis of association,ä½†å®žé™…ä¸Šè¿™ä¸ªä¸»è°“ç»“æž„è¢«ä¸€ä¸ªé•¿å®šè¯ which are supposed ...beyond the speech æ‰€åˆ†éš”ã€‚å®šè¯ which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech 所é™�定的è¯�应该是illusions...contact and ... formulas 三个部分,而ä¸�是æŸ�一个è¯�。
  å�‚考译文:有摇滚ä¹�的伴éš�ã€�å…±å�Œæƒ…感的幻觉ã€�身体的接触å�Šæƒ¯ç”¨çš„嘟囔è¯�è¯---这一切包å�«ç�€è®¸å¤šè¯è¨€ä¹‹å¤–çš„æ„�义,构æˆ�了人们相互交往的基础。
  Exercise
  But the invalid(病弱的人) who, forgetful of self, takes a strenuous(çƒçƒˆçš„) and indestructible(顽强的) interest in everything and everybody, as she did, and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing, is a formidable(难对付的) adversary(敌手) for disease。
  Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another。
  The described dichotomy is clearly part of a much wider one:civilization fall apart yet their component societies live on; societies disintegrate but their citizens survive; individuals die while their cells, perversely, still metabolize; finally, cells can be disrupted yet the enzymes they release may, for a while, remain active。(看上去很长,其实结构�比��两�简�些哦)
  è¦�点:æ¤å�¥ç”±äºŽè¡¨è¾¾çš„æ„�æ€�层次多,å�«ä¹‰è¦†ç›–é�¢å¤§ï¼Œå› æ¤ç»“构比较å¤�æ�‚,但ä»�能找出主干结构。å�¥å�的主干结构是:the invalid...is a formidable adversary for disease,其余的部分都是修饰æˆ�分。 forgetful of self 是一个æ�’å…¥æˆ�分,把定è¯ä»Žå�¥who takes a strenuous and indestructible interest in everything and everybody 的主è¯å’Œè°“è¯éƒ¨åˆ†åˆ†éš”å¼€æ�¥ã€‚as she did也是一个æ�’å…¥æˆ�分,其作用å�Œforgetful of selfä¸€æ ·ï¼Œå¯¹æ•´ä¸ªå®šè¯ä»Žå�¥å�šä¿®é¥°ã€‚"and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing"是一个定è¯ä»Žå�¥ï¼Œå®ƒå�Œwho takes...everything and everybody是平行结构,其作用也是é™�定the invalidï¼Œå› æ¤the invalid一共带了两个定è¯ä»Žå�¥ï¼Œä¸¤ä¸ªæ�’å…¥è¯ï¼Œå½¢æˆ�较为å¤�æ�‚çš„å�¥å�结构。
  译文:但是一个身体有病的体弱的人,å�ªè¦�忘掉自己,åƒ�å¥¹é‚£æ ·å¯¹ä¸€åˆ‡äº‹ç‰©å’Œæ‰€æœ‰çš„äººéƒ½æœ‰çƒçƒˆè€Œé¡½å¼ºçš„兴趣,并且一生ä¸�知æ„�怨为何物,那么对于病é”他就是劲敌。
  è¦�点:这是一个主从å¤�å�ˆå�¥ã€‚reflectedçš„å®¾è¯æ˜¯her profound conviction.that no human could be ... of another是 convictionçš„å�Œä½�è¯ä»Žå�¥ã€‚该从å�¥ä¹Ÿæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªä¸»ä»Žå¤�å�ˆå�¥ã€‚by the often tragic outcome of their lives是状è¯ï¼Œè¯´æ˜Žreflected。by在æ¤å¤„çš„æ„�æ€�是by means of。 often是副è¯�,修饰形容è¯�tragic。由于reflected的宾è¯è¿‡åœºï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥æŠŠbyçŸè¯æ�’在reflected和它的宾è¯ä¹‹é—´ï¼Œç»“果使reflected和它的宾è¯è¢«åˆ†éš”。
  译文:如果幸ç¦�是建立在å�¦ä¸€ä¸ªäººçš„痛苦之上,那就没有人会有幸ç¦�,她的这ç§�深切信念全都å��æ˜ åœ¨ä¸€äº›äººç”Ÿç»“å±€é€šå¸¸éƒ½å¾ˆæ‚²æƒ¨çš„äººç‰©èº«ä¸Šï¼Œè™½ç„¶å¥¹ç¬”ä¸‹çš„äººç‰©å‡ºçŽ°åœ¨å¤šç§�å¤šæ ·çš„èƒŒæ™¯å’Œæƒ…èŠ‚å½“ä¸ã€‚
  è¦�点:在本å�¥ä¸ï¼Œå†’å�·å�Žé�¢çš„四个分å�¥æ˜¯å¹¶åˆ—的分å�¥ï¼Œç”¨æ�¥è¯´æ˜Žå†’å�·å‰�é�¢çš„主å�¥çš„æ„�æ€�。
  译文:上é�¢æ‰€æ��述的对æ»äº¡çš„二分法显然ä¸�过是一个范围更大的二分法的一部分而已:整个文明社会崩溃了,而其组æˆ�部分还继ç»å˜åœ¨ï¼›ç¤¾ä¼šå´©æºƒäº†ï¼Œè€Œå…¶ä¸çš„公民还生å˜ï¼›äººæ»äº†ï¼Œè€Œèº«ä¸Šçš„细胞ä¾�然倔强地进行新陈代谢;å�Žï¼Œç»†èƒžæ»äº†ï¼Œè€Œç»†èƒžé‡Šæ”¾å‡ºçš„酶还能暂时ä¿�æŒ�活性。
  辅导推�:
  英è¯å››çº§é˜…读ä¸é�‡åˆ°ä¸�会的题目怎么办?
  英è¯å››çº§100æ�¡é˜…读难å�¥è§£è¯»æ±‡æ€»
  英è¯å››çº§é˜…读长难å�¥å�¥å�结构分æž�:倒装结构
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