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　　英语四级仔细阅读摸底测试题二

　　Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation (回声定位) in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly practical role.

　　To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyoneknows that if he shouts near a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstacle, the longer time it will take for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the main body of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps andthe receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding equipment, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step fromlocating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved equipment, it is now possible not only to locate fish but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.

　　A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks (吱吱声) and by receiving ’he echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echolocation in bats is often compared with radar, the principle of which is similar.

　　练习题：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1.The main purpose of this passage is to ______.

　　A. describe that animals can make different sounds

　　B. prove that animals’ voices can play practical roles

　　C. inspire the readers to make more inventions

　　D. startle the readers with some shocking facts

　　2. The discovery of echolocation may help with all of the following EXCEPT

　　A. measuring the depth of the sea

　　B. distinguishing different kinds of fish

　　C. improving the functions of radar

　　D. varying the size and nature of an object

　　3. By saying "A shoal of fish will do this"(Lines 6-7, Para. 2), the author means ________.

　　A. only one special kind of fish can reflect sounds

　　B. only one special kind of fish can be used to help locate a ship

　　C. a large group of fish can reflect sounds

　　D. a large group of fish can be used to help locate a ship

　　4. As it is discussed in the passage, the squeaks of bats can be functionally compared with ________.

　　A. human languages

　　B. a mountainside

　　C. a shoal of fish

　　D. taps on a ship

　　5. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

　　A. Animals are more intelligent than humans.

　　B. Humans are more intelligent than animals.

　　C. Animals are often compared with human inventions.

　　D. Humans are often inspired by animals.

　　1.[B] 主旨大意题。文章第1段就点明主题，明确指出以蝙蝠为例，动物发出的声音有实际作用，只有B可以概括文章的这个写作目的。

　　2.[C] 事实细节题。本题考査列举处，可用排除法解答。A、B、C在文中都有相关提及。D利用第2段中的varying制造干扰。在原文中，指的是回声因障碍物的不同而不同，而D偷换概念、曲解文意，D中的varying为及物动词，意为“改变”,显然不可能是回声定位的发现带来的功效。

　　3.[C] 词义推断题。本题考查对shoal的词义推测及代词this的理解。依据第2段后几句话,可推测出a shoal of fish指的是“海里的一群鱼”;this则是指上一句提到的“任何固体都可以反射声音”，因此这句话表明一大群鱼就能像一个固体一样反射声音。

　　4.[D] 推理判断题。根据后一段可知，蝙蝠发出吱吱声可以探测障碍物的距离，而第2段也指出轻敲船体可测知海底的距离，因此在功能上,D与蝙蝠的吱吱声相同。A中的human languages在文中未提到;B和C在文中各自的例子中充当的都是障碍物的角色，因此都不正确。

　　5.[D] 推理判断题。文章先说动物的回声定位功能,再说到回声定位探测仪的发明,由此可见，是动物的某些能力启发了人类的创造，因此只有D可从文中推测。文章并没有从智力方面比较人类和动物，因此可以排除A 和B;尽管文章说到了蝙蝠和雷达的原理相似，但是C中的often一词无据可循，且C的说法浮于表面，没有说到重点，故排除。

　　Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, thinkthe auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.

　　The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer,and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types.

　　Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.

　　When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail,the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the car’s movements.

　　The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway.

　　练习题：

　　Choose correct answers to the question:

　　1. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be ________.

　　A. its power source

　　B. its driving system

　　C. its monitoring system

　　D. its seating capacity

　　2. What is the author’s main concern?

　　A. How to render automobiles pollution-free.

　　B. How to make smaller and safer automobiles.

　　C. How to solve the problem of traffic jams.

　　D. How to develop an automated subway system.

　　3. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?

　　A. A rail.

　　B. An engine.

　　C. A retractable arm.

　　D. A computer controller.

　　4. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is ________.

　　A. keep in the right lane

　　B. wait to arrive at his destination

　　C. keep in constant touch with the computer center

　　D. inform the system of his destination by phone

　　5. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of autos?

　　A. Enthusiastic.

　　B. Pessimistic.

　　C. Optimistic.

　　D. Cautious.

　　1.[A] 推断题。从第2段首句可以看出第2段主要讲未来汽车的变化方向。该段第2 、3句说它将变得更小巧、安全、节能，给它提供动力的将不再是汽油发动机。而第3段也着重展望了未来汽车动力系统的新模式，故未来汽车一个重要的改进就在于它的能量来源，故答案为A。

　　2.[C] 事实细节题。第3段首句提到，未来的汽车仍将是令城市交通拥挤的主要问题而这也是作者为关心的问题，C之相符。其他各项在文章中都提到过，但并非the main problem，故排除。

　　3.[A] 事实细节题。文章第4段第1、2句提到，当汽车进入高速公路系统后,一只自动伸缩臂就会从车上伸下来，搭上一根铁轨，这根铁轨类似于为地铁列车提供电能的那些铁轨，一旦汽车连接到rail上，它就可以从中获得电能。因此A正确。

　　4.[D] 事实细节题。后一段首句提到，司机将通过电话发出指令，把目的地输入系统。由此可见，司机可以使用电话来告知系统他的目的地，故选D。A、B、C在文中没有提及。

　　5.[C] 推断题。根据第2段和后一段(特别是后一句)不难看出作者对于汽车发展的前景持乐观态度，故选C。

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