Part IV Reading Comprehension Reading in Depth (35 minutes)
22、Questions 22-27 are based on the following passage.
　　Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or Calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥于) a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers.
　　People think a great deal of them, so much that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently -- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done -- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And not only has it won, but, because it has won, it has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.
　　That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets -- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life -- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
The first sentence of the passage tells us that___________
A．most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers
B．those who really helped civilization forward are not mentioned in any history book
C．conquerors, generals and- soldiers should not be mentioned in history books
D．history books tells us far more about conquerors and soldiers than about those who really helped civilization forward
23、According to the passage, most people believe that the greatest countries are those that___________
A．built the highest pillars for their conquerors
B．were ruled by the greatest number of conquerors
C．won the greatest number of battles against other countries
D．were beaten in battle by the greatest number of other countries
24、In the author' s opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are __________
A．certainly not the greatest in any way
B．neither the greatest nor the most civilized
C．possibly the most civilized but not the greatest
D．possibly the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized
25、The author says that civilized people should___________
A．not have any quarrels to settle
B．settle their quarrels without fighting
C．not fight when there are no quarrels to Settle
D．settle their quarrels by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side
26、Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right." ?
A．Only those who are powerful should go to wa
B．In a war only those who are powerful will wi
C．Those who are right should fight against those who are wron
D．Those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wron
27、Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions27-32are based on the following passage.
　　A strange thing, about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we do not deploy (对付) it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animal " a poisonous snake or a wild cat-- we do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies" and others like Neanderthal man- indeed others still-more remote from us than Neanderthal man -- human rage becomes more comprehensible.
　　In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using the words "us and them". "Our" side is perpetually trying to do down the "other" side. In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of "us" and them" is the touchstone of the two party system of "democratic" politics. Although there are no very serious consequences to many of these modem psychological representations of the "us and them" emotion, it is as well to remember that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exterminate it. The readiness with which humans allow themselves to be regimented(严密编组) has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the "us and them" blind rage, has led to destructive(毁灭性的) clashes within our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland．The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the Pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until the combatants become exhausted.
According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is________
A．that we reserve anger for mankind
B．its lengthy and complex development
C．that we do not fly into a temper more often
D．a conflict that is now going on in Northern Ireland
28、The passage suggests that_________
A．the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time
B．B historically, we have created an "us" versus "them" society
C．humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping
D．the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided domination
29、From the passage we can infer that__________
A．games are psychologically unhealthy
B．any artificially-created suBspecies would Be our enemy
C．the artificial creation of a suBspecies unlike us is something that never happens
D．the real or imagined existence of an opposing suBspecies is inherent in man's activities
30、The author Believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is_________
A．founded in historical fact
B．apparent
C．misleading
D．proBaBly accurate
31、The Best title for this passage would Be________
A．Man's Anger Against Rage
B．Early Struggles of Angry Man
C．The Human Capacity for Rage
D．Why Human Armies Are Formed