2014年12月英语四级考试临考猜题卷（二）
Part III Reading Comprehension.(40 minutes)
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、根据下列材料，请回答57-66题：
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Living in a time when an ever-increasing number of news providers push a constant stream of headlines at us every day, people cannot say they do not feel overwhelmed.
But what of it's the ways we choose to read the news that make us feel overwhelmed? An interesting new study conducted by Avery Holton and Iris Chyi from the University of Texas looks at the factors that contribute to the concept of information overload.
They surveyed more than 750 adults on their digital consumption habits and perceptions of information overload. What the findings suggest, Holton said, is that the news platforms a person is using can play a bigger role in making him feel overwhelmed than the sheer number of news sources being consumed. So even if you read The Huffington Post and The New York Times in a day, you may not feel as drowned with news ff you read on your phone instead of on your desktop. The more contained, or even constrained, aplat form feels, the more it can contribute to people feeling less overwhelmed, Holton said.
That may also explain why people have feelings of being overwhelmed by Facebook, which like reading on the web, can be a bottomless hole of stories, videos, and endless links. But it doesn't explain why people in the survey had different feelings towards Twitter, which can also be a stream of links.
One possible explanation is whether you define yourself" as a news fan. The survey asked people to report. how much they enjoyed keeping up with the new——people who said they did had less of a perception of information overload. If you're the type of person who wants to follow news during the day, it's likely you have an established routine and a set of sites you check regularly. You also may not need as much context around the news. All of that would make Twitter a good source for you.
Conversely, if you're more passive about following the news, you might need to make more , of an effort to find the right sources or find background or contextual information, which could lead to feelings of being overloaded, Holton said. "Knowing what you're looking for can decrease overload or perceptions of overload. So can constant engagement," he said.
The new study conducted by Avery Holton and Iris Chyi
A．examines how news providers take advantage of headlines
B．studies what can lead to the concept of information overload
C．discusses solutions for people who feel overwhelmed
D．reviews different attitudes to the digital consumption
58、 What does the findings of the new study suggest?
A．Contained news platforms trigger information overload.
B．News platforms influence people's feelings about information.
C．People feel less overwhelmed ff reading news on their desktops.
D．People feel more overwhelmed ff less news sources are consumed.
59、 What can be learned about Twitter from the passage?
A．It provides streams of information.
B．It keeps people updated on the news.
C．It makes people feel overwhelmed.
D．It is no different than Facebook.
60、 According to the passage, a news fan may __
A．need much context about the news
B．consider Facebook a good news source
C．have a settled routine to check the news
D．have no perception of information overload
61、 What does Holton imply about information overload?
A．It can be decreased by the sense of purpose.
B．It happens when one has no access to right sources.
C．It can be increased by constant engagement in the news.
D．It depends on the efforts one makes to find the news.
62、根据下列材料，请回答62-71题：
Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Food waste has been a serious problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and he elephant is this ' It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath. A company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. “ You have to go back and get your silverware and your drink, but it's not that different,” said Caitlin Mew born, a freshman. “It's not a big deal. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should. ” Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to food at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.
According to the first paragraph,
A． lots of food are wasted as crops are hauled from far away
B． food waste is the most serious problems for restaurants and stores
C． experts put forward many proposals to solve the issue of trash
D． .busy restaurant assembly lines produce millions of tons of trash
63、 What does Andrew Shack man say we should pay attention to?
A． How to use novel ways to compensate for the costs of waste.
B． How to get ride of the "It's okay to waste" belief system.
C． How to haul tons of food waste in the middle of the kitchen.
D． How to call for institutions to deal with the issue of food waste.
64、 The program operated at Virginia Tech
A． does not work on freshman students
B． makes students take more food at the buffet
C． has cut food waste at the cafeterias
D． makes students eat less than they should
65、 What do we learn about Oregon's Portland International Airport?
A． The travelers there have to pay the airport to haul away waste.
B． The food waste there, will be used as compost in the city.
C． Food-only trash cans were installed there 3 years ago.
D． The travelers there are not 'allowed to discard half-eaten meals,
66、What is the impact of the program of Oregon's Portland International Airport?
A． It helps the airport to keep a friendly environment.
B． It increases compost used in the city landfill.
C． It reduces the cost on hauling trash from the airport.
D． It promotes the application of biodegradable bags.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、根据下列材料，请回答57-66题：
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Living in a time when an ever-increasing number of news providers push a constant stream of headlines at us every day, people cannot say they do not feel overwhelmed.
But what of it's the ways we choose to read the news that make us feel overwhelmed? An interesting new study conducted by Avery Holton and Iris Chyi from the University of Texas looks at the factors that contribute to the concept of information overload.
They surveyed more than 750 adults on their digital consumption habits and perceptions of information overload. What the findings suggest, Holton said, is that the news platforms a person is using can play a bigger role in making him feel overwhelmed than the sheer number of news sources being consumed. So even if you read The Huffington Post and The New York Times in a day, you may not feel as drowned with news ff you read on your phone instead of on your desktop. The more contained, or even constrained, aplat form feels, the more it can contribute to people feeling less overwhelmed, Holton said.
That may also explain why people have feelings of being overwhelmed by Facebook, which like reading on the web, can be a bottomless hole of stories, videos, and endless links. But it doesn't explain why people in the survey had different feelings towards Twitter, which can also be a stream of links.
One possible explanation is whether you define yourself" as a news fan. The survey asked people to report. how much they enjoyed keeping up with the new——people who said they did had less of a perception of information overload. If you're the type of person who wants to follow news during the day, it's likely you have an established routine and a set of sites you check regularly. You also may not need as much context around the news. All of that would make Twitter a good source for you.
Conversely, if you're more passive about following the news, you might need to make more , of an effort to find the right sources or find background or contextual information, which could lead to feelings of being overloaded, Holton said. "Knowing what you're looking for can decrease overload or perceptions of overload. So can constant engagement," he said.
The new study conducted by Avery Holton and Iris Chyi
A．examines how news providers take advantage of headlines
B．studies what can lead to the concept of information overload
C．discusses solutions for people who feel overwhelmed
D．reviews different attitudes to the digital consumption
58、 What does the findings of the new study suggest?
A．Contained news platforms trigger information overload.
B．News platforms influence people's feelings about information.
C．People feel less overwhelmed ff reading news on their desktops.
D．People feel more overwhelmed ff less news sources are consumed.
59、 What can be learned about Twitter from the passage?
A．It provides streams of information.
B．It keeps people updated on the news.
C．It makes people feel overwhelmed.
D．It is no different than Facebook.
60、 According to the passage, a news fan may __
A．need much context about the news
B．consider Facebook a good news source
C．have a settled routine to check the news
D．have no perception of information overload
61、 What does Holton imply about information overload?
A．It can be decreased by the sense of purpose.
B．It happens when one has no access to right sources.
C．It can be increased by constant engagement in the news.
D．It depends on the efforts one makes to find the news.
62、根据下列材料，请回答62-71题：
Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Food waste has been a serious problem for restaurants and grocery stores—with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. "We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of the kitchen, and he elephant is this ' It's okay to waste' belief system," said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath. A company that helps restaurants cut back food waste. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campus’s biggest dining halls to find there were no cafeteria trays. “ You have to go back and get your silverware and your drink, but it's not that different,” said Caitlin Mew born, a freshman. “It's not a big deal. You take less food, and you don't eat more than you should. ” Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to food at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.
According to the first paragraph,
A． lots of food are wasted as crops are hauled from far away
B． food waste is the most serious problems for restaurants and stores
C． experts put forward many proposals to solve the issue of trash
D． .busy restaurant assembly lines produce millions of tons of trash
63、 What does Andrew Shack man say we should pay attention to?
A． How to use novel ways to compensate for the costs of waste.
B． How to get ride of the "It's okay to waste" belief system.
C． How to haul tons of food waste in the middle of the kitchen.
D． How to call for institutions to deal with the issue of food waste.
64、 The program operated at Virginia Tech
A． does not work on freshman students
B． makes students take more food at the buffet
C． has cut food waste at the cafeterias
D． makes students eat less than they should
65、 What do we learn about Oregon's Portland International Airport?
A． The travelers there have to pay the airport to haul away waste.
B． The food waste there, will be used as compost in the city.
C． Food-only trash cans were installed there 3 years ago.
D． The travelers there are not 'allowed to discard half-eaten meals,
66、What is the impact of the program of Oregon's Portland International Airport?
A． It helps the airport to keep a friendly environment.
B． It increases compost used in the city landfill.
C． It reduces the cost on hauling trash from the airport.
D． It promotes the application of biodegradable bags.
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