2014年12月英语四级考试临考猜题卷（五）
Part II Listening Comprehension.(30 minutes)
Part III Reading Comprehension.(40 minutes)
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、回答57-66题：
If you are trying to do your bit for sustainability and save water by taking shorter showers, then a new report on sustainability reveals for the first time that there are more effective ways that our everyday choices can have a positive impact on the environment.
For example, the glass of juice you have for breakfast might have used the same amount of water in its production as the amount you have just saved by cutting your shower from 10 to 5 minutes. The milk on your cereal might have used even more.
Balancing Act, a world first that has been developed for the Australia economy by scientists from CSIRO (澳大利亚联邦科学月工业研究组织) and the University of Sydney, looks across 135 industry sectors of the Australian economy and quantifies the impacts and contributions across ten social, environmental, and financial indicators.
Report co-author CSIRO scientist, Barney Foran, says that sustainability for Australia is a balancing act as we try to make decisions and trade-offs in the face of often-competing economic, social and environmental attributes.
"We still need to eat and shower—and it is still worth taking shorter showers to save our stressed urban water supplies—but now consumers have a new tool to help us make more informed choices about different types of products based on a new sustainability rating," says Foran.
Different to other studies because of its detailed observation of the full production chain, this report is able to show the full effects--both direct and indirect of the production of an individual conunodity or serwce, cappuccinos( 卡布奇诺咖啡 )or haircuts. It highlights sustainability challenges for different industries and points out areas in the production chain where a focused effort would make a significant difference.
All effects are referenced back to a consumption dollar roughly the dollar spent by a consumer in everyday life. It also shows that each consumption dollar is quite different-some dollars are positive and create employment, or suck in imports or generate government revenue. Other consumption dollars are less positive through their high use of water or production of greenhouse gas emissions.
This relatively simple presentation of highly complex issues makes this a powerful tool for people who are interested in sustainability to move beyond decisions based on dollars and cents and enables them to make decisions based on a contribution to society, environment, and economy.
The new report on sustainability ________.
A．suggests that saving water by raking shorter showers is ineffective
B．provides more effective daily ways that can protect environment
C．indicates that drinking juice wastes more water than taking long shower
D．reveals that milk uses more water in its production than juice does
58、 According to the passage, Balancing Act
A．is developed for 135 industry sectors of the Australian economy
B．is the first environmental protection organization developed by scientists
C．quantifies the environmental impact of ten social and financial indicators
D．helps keep sustainability of Australia's economy, society and environment
59、 What does Barney Foran think of the new report?
A．It urges people to take shorter showers to save water.
B．It enables people to be wiser in selecting products.
C．It offers a new tool to save the urban water supplies.
D．It informs people of a fresh sustainability rating.
60、 According to the passage, what makes the new report special?
A．It observes the full production chain in detail.
B．It informs consumers of a new sustainability rating.
C．It shows the indirect effects of an individual product.
D．It stresses the challenges different industries face.
61、 By using "a consumption dollar", the report authors ______
A．help people make decisions based on dollars and cents
B．simplify the complex issue of greenhouse gas emissions
C．discuss economy's contribution to society and environment
D．show different impacts and contributions of our daily consumption
62、 回答62-71题：
Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care and upbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have children, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children.
With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased their ages marriage, and sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20.3 and 22.8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26.0 and 27.7. These changes in age at mariage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings.
The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on roaring of children. These effects are not due to lower marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children.
Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job in raising their children, common sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive ( 非认知性) traits of children, These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousness in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect, on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding.
I am not claiming that children are worst oft" when their parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or ff they bad abusive (粗暴的) fathers. Rather, it, appears that up to a significant point, children are, better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal.
What do we learn from the first paragraph about marriage?
A．It is primarily a necessary step to have children.
B．It meets resistance in Western and other rich countries.
C．It has a tremendous impact on the rearing of children.
D．It is the most important institution throughout history.
63、 What may give rise to the changes in marriage age?
A．Sharply rising divorce rate.
B．Greater work participation of men.
C．Increased college education of women.
D．Narrowed gender gap in the labor market.
64、 What does the author say about low marriage rates?
A．It lowers divorce rates to some extent.
B．It results in greater tendency of single mothers.
C．It is mainly due to the issue of raising children.
D．It provokes economic and social concerns.
65、 Some findings suggest that raising children with a father present can_______.
A．urge children to follow all the rules in school
B．avoid children's engagement in criminal activities
C．promote the development of children's cognitive traits
D．have a greater effect on the non-cognitive traits of daughters
66、It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author believes_______.
A．parents' divorce will hinder children's development
B．children are worse off ff they had abusive fathers
C．parents should divorce ff they were fighting frequently
D．an intact family is better for children to a certain degree
Part III Reading Comprehension.(40 minutes)
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
57、回答57-66题：
If you are trying to do your bit for sustainability and save water by taking shorter showers, then a new report on sustainability reveals for the first time that there are more effective ways that our everyday choices can have a positive impact on the environment.
For example, the glass of juice you have for breakfast might have used the same amount of water in its production as the amount you have just saved by cutting your shower from 10 to 5 minutes. The milk on your cereal might have used even more.
Balancing Act, a world first that has been developed for the Australia economy by scientists from CSIRO (澳大利亚联邦科学月工业研究组织) and the University of Sydney, looks across 135 industry sectors of the Australian economy and quantifies the impacts and contributions across ten social, environmental, and financial indicators.
Report co-author CSIRO scientist, Barney Foran, says that sustainability for Australia is a balancing act as we try to make decisions and trade-offs in the face of often-competing economic, social and environmental attributes.
"We still need to eat and shower—and it is still worth taking shorter showers to save our stressed urban water supplies—but now consumers have a new tool to help us make more informed choices about different types of products based on a new sustainability rating," says Foran.
Different to other studies because of its detailed observation of the full production chain, this report is able to show the full effects--both direct and indirect of the production of an individual conunodity or serwce, cappuccinos( 卡布奇诺咖啡 )or haircuts. It highlights sustainability challenges for different industries and points out areas in the production chain where a focused effort would make a significant difference.
All effects are referenced back to a consumption dollar roughly the dollar spent by a consumer in everyday life. It also shows that each consumption dollar is quite different-some dollars are positive and create employment, or suck in imports or generate government revenue. Other consumption dollars are less positive through their high use of water or production of greenhouse gas emissions.
This relatively simple presentation of highly complex issues makes this a powerful tool for people who are interested in sustainability to move beyond decisions based on dollars and cents and enables them to make decisions based on a contribution to society, environment, and economy.
The new report on sustainability ________.
A．suggests that saving water by raking shorter showers is ineffective
B．provides more effective daily ways that can protect environment
C．indicates that drinking juice wastes more water than taking long shower
D．reveals that milk uses more water in its production than juice does
58、 According to the passage, Balancing Act
A．is developed for 135 industry sectors of the Australian economy
B．is the first environmental protection organization developed by scientists
C．quantifies the environmental impact of ten social and financial indicators
D．helps keep sustainability of Australia's economy, society and environment
59、 What does Barney Foran think of the new report?
A．It urges people to take shorter showers to save water.
B．It enables people to be wiser in selecting products.
C．It offers a new tool to save the urban water supplies.
D．It informs people of a fresh sustainability rating.
60、 According to the passage, what makes the new report special?
A．It observes the full production chain in detail.
B．It informs consumers of a new sustainability rating.
C．It shows the indirect effects of an individual product.
D．It stresses the challenges different industries face.
61、 By using "a consumption dollar", the report authors ______
A．help people make decisions based on dollars and cents
B．simplify the complex issue of greenhouse gas emissions
C．discuss economy's contribution to society and environment
D．show different impacts and contributions of our daily consumption
62、 回答62-71题：
Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care and upbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have children, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children.
With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased their ages marriage, and sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20.3 and 22.8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26.0 and 27.7. These changes in age at mariage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings.
The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on roaring of children. These effects are not due to lower marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children.
Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job in raising their children, common sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive ( 非认知性) traits of children, These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousness in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect, on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding.
I am not claiming that children are worst oft" when their parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or ff they bad abusive (粗暴的) fathers. Rather, it, appears that up to a significant point, children are, better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal.
What do we learn from the first paragraph about marriage?
A．It is primarily a necessary step to have children.
B．It meets resistance in Western and other rich countries.
C．It has a tremendous impact on the rearing of children.
D．It is the most important institution throughout history.
63、 What may give rise to the changes in marriage age?
A．Sharply rising divorce rate.
B．Greater work participation of men.
C．Increased college education of women.
D．Narrowed gender gap in the labor market.
64、 What does the author say about low marriage rates?
A．It lowers divorce rates to some extent.
B．It results in greater tendency of single mothers.
C．It is mainly due to the issue of raising children.
D．It provokes economic and social concerns.
65、 Some findings suggest that raising children with a father present can_______.
A．urge children to follow all the rules in school
B．avoid children's engagement in criminal activities
C．promote the development of children's cognitive traits
D．have a greater effect on the non-cognitive traits of daughters
66、It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author believes_______.
A．parents' divorce will hinder children's development
B．children are worse off ff they had abusive fathers
C．parents should divorce ff they were fighting frequently
D．an intact family is better for children to a certain degree
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