2013年英语四级考试每日一练(7月15日)
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1. 请在（53）处填上答案。
2. Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。What does the author say about the black box?
A．It ensures the normal functioning of an airplan
B．The idea for its design comes from a comic boo
C．Its ability to ward off disasters is incredibl
D．It is an indispensable device on an airplan
快速阅读2
3. 回答9-47题
Caring for Elderly Parents Catches ManyUnprepared
Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke(中风)and was paralyzed. Baldocchisuddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn't preparedfor.
"I was flying by the seat of my pants," says Baldocchi,an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and sheknew her father couldn't handle her mother's care.
The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home.Baldocchi wasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' homecreated other problems.
Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from herparents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficultfor her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says."But I didn't even know how to find help. "
With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hireda live-in caregiver. "But even if you plan intellectually and legally,you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the firsttwo months after her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stressmounted.
More than 42 million Americans provide family care giving for anadult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by theAARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year.
And many are unprepared.
Starting with the paperwork
While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the mostbasic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts,including: a durable power of attorney(授权书)，which gives someonelegal authority to make financial decisions on another's behalf; a health careproxy(代理委托书)，which is similar tothe power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regardingmedical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-lifecare. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificialmeasures.)
"It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to makethose decisions for a parent," says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorneyat Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y..
An advance care directive is the first line of defense if asituation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the FamilyCaregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advancedirective, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed theparent's legal guardian, says AgingCare. com.
It's important for families to talk about long-term care so theadult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says LynnFeinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it's not an easy conversation.
Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children'sfinancial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus inWolfeboro, N.H.. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they neededan intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says.
And when there are many siblings(兄弟姐妹)，the familydecisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony(尖刻)，says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-lawattorney in Glen Cove, N.Y..
Families who need information and help sorting out disagreementscan call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric(老年人的)care managers and care giversupport,rouos. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a newcaregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth. Navigatingthe long-term care system
Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially whenthey find out that Medicare doesn't pay for long-term care, Feinberg says.
The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth.
And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify forMedicaid to pay for the nursing home.
Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their ownapartment to maintain some independence.
But the facilities generally provide personal care services, suchas meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities.
Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was$39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn't covered by Medicaid.
If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer tostay at home as long as they can, according to
AARP research.
But it is possible that the parents can no longer safely live athome, and it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility.
There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified soa parent can stay there. For example,
Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arrangedfor a home caregiver.
The job of family caregivers
Family Caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent'sfinances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors' appointmentsand shopping. Those who live with a parent take on a significant and sustainedburden of care.
Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. Afterher mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well.
Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced andhas no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have.and I guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is afull-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digitalscrapbooking(剪贴簿)website.
"When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptism(洗礼)by fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just aboutadvance planning for finances or medical care. It's everything," she says.
Caregivers need to also watch their own health. "There issuch a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.
Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms ofdepression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife.
"It's a hard job," Walker says. "But mostworthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helpinghand. It's only natural that I be here for her now. "
If it is hard forchildren to move their parent who can't live independently into an adult carefacility, they can_________________so the parent can stay there.
4. You’d better have some cash on you ___________________ (以防万一遇到紧急情况)．
5. __________(中国居于方便面需求榜首)，followed by Indonesia，Japan and the US．
6. _______________________(只要你不断尝试)，you will be able to resolve the difficult problem sooner or later.
7. If couples can learn how to provide emotional support before they marry,(他们更有希望避免离婚)
8. 根据以下材料回答{TSE}题：
请在（47）处填上答案。
9. If you think you are fit for this job，you can__________(在月底之前在线提交申请表)．
翻译
10.
1. 请在（53）处填上答案。
2. Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going,how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book.They're known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations,and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。What does the author say about the black box?
A．It ensures the normal functioning of an airplan
B．The idea for its design comes from a comic boo
C．Its ability to ward off disasters is incredibl
D．It is an indispensable device on an airplan
快速阅读2
3. 回答9-47题
Caring for Elderly Parents Catches ManyUnprepared
Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke(中风)and was paralyzed. Baldocchisuddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn't preparedfor.
"I was flying by the seat of my pants," says Baldocchi,an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and sheknew her father couldn't handle her mother's care.
The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home.Baldocchi wasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' homecreated other problems.
Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from herparents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficultfor her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says."But I didn't even know how to find help. "
With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hireda live-in caregiver. "But even if you plan intellectually and legally,you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the firsttwo months after her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stressmounted.
More than 42 million Americans provide family care giving for anadult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by theAARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year.
And many are unprepared.
Starting with the paperwork
While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the mostbasic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts,including: a durable power of attorney(授权书)，which gives someonelegal authority to make financial decisions on another's behalf; a health careproxy(代理委托书)，which is similar tothe power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regardingmedical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-lifecare. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificialmeasures.)
"It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to makethose decisions for a parent," says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorneyat Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y..
An advance care directive is the first line of defense if asituation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the FamilyCaregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advancedirective, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed theparent's legal guardian, says AgingCare. com.
It's important for families to talk about long-term care so theadult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says LynnFeinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it's not an easy conversation.
Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children'sfinancial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus inWolfeboro, N.H.. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they neededan intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says.
And when there are many siblings(兄弟姐妹)，the familydecisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony(尖刻)，says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-lawattorney in Glen Cove, N.Y..
Families who need information and help sorting out disagreementscan call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric(老年人的)care managers and care giversupport,rouos. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a newcaregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth. Navigatingthe long-term care system
Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially whenthey find out that Medicare doesn't pay for long-term care, Feinberg says.
The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth.
And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify forMedicaid to pay for the nursing home.
Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their ownapartment to maintain some independence.
But the facilities generally provide personal care services, suchas meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities.
Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was$39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn't covered by Medicaid.
If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer tostay at home as long as they can, according to
AARP research.
But it is possible that the parents can no longer safely live athome, and it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility.
There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified soa parent can stay there. For example,
Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arrangedfor a home caregiver.
The job of family caregivers
Family Caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent'sfinances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors' appointmentsand shopping. Those who live with a parent take on a significant and sustainedburden of care.
Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. Afterher mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well.
Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced andhas no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have.and I guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is afull-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digitalscrapbooking(剪贴簿)website.
"When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptism(洗礼)by fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just aboutadvance planning for finances or medical care. It's everything," she says.
Caregivers need to also watch their own health. "There issuch a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.
Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms ofdepression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife.
"It's a hard job," Walker says. "But mostworthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helpinghand. It's only natural that I be here for her now. "
If it is hard forchildren to move their parent who can't live independently into an adult carefacility, they can_________________so the parent can stay there.
4. You’d better have some cash on you ___________________ (以防万一遇到紧急情况)．
5. __________(中国居于方便面需求榜首)，followed by Indonesia，Japan and the US．
6. _______________________(只要你不断尝试)，you will be able to resolve the difficult problem sooner or later.
7. If couples can learn how to provide emotional support before they marry,(他们更有希望避免离婚)
8. 根据以下材料回答{TSE}题：
请在（47）处填上答案。
9. If you think you are fit for this job，you can__________(在月底之前在线提交申请表)．
翻译
10.
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