阅读
1. Questions58-1are based on the following passage.I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-
liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization (贫民) compels them to intervene
on the side of the marginalized (使处于社会边缘 ). Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.
Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and in their orality?
Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of
having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing,
solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor ( 1993 ) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A literacy animator is one who ____
A． struggles for a more meaningful life
B． frees people from poverty and illiteracy
C． is committed to marginalize the illiterate
D． is concerned with what is behind illiteracy
2. 回答1-2问题：



A．He refused to take Linda with them．
B．He agreed to take Linda with them．
C．He thought Linda should decide herself．
D．He thought Linda should write something．

3. 回答2-21题
Caring for Elderly Parents Catches Many Unprepared
Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke(中风)and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for.
"I was flying by the seat of my pants," says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn't handle her mother's care.
The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems.
Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says. "But I didn't even know how to find help. "
With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted.
More than 42 million Americans provide family care giving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year.
And many are unprepared.
Starting with the paperwork
While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney(授权书)，which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy(代理委托书)，which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.)
"It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent," says Jennifer Cona, an elder-law attorney at Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y..
An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says AgingCare. com.
It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it's not an easy conversation.
Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H.. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says.
And when there are many siblings(兄弟姐妹)，the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony(尖刻)，says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y..
Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric(老年人的)care managers and care giver support,rouos. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth. Navigating the long-term care system
Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay for long-term care, Feinberg says.
The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth.
And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home.
Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence.
But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities.
Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn't covered by Medicaid.
If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to
AARP research.
But it is possible that the parents can no longer safely live at home, and it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility.
There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example,
Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.
The job of family caregivers
Family Caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who live with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care.
Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well.
Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have. and I guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking(剪贴簿)website.
"When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptism(洗礼)by fire," she says.  "New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It's everything," she says.
Caregivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.
Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife.
"It's a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now. "

The sentence "I was flying by the seat of my pants" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) implies that __________.
A．Baldocchi thought her workload was too heavy
B．Baldocchi felt sad that her parent was paralyzed
C．Baldocchi was unprepared to give 'up herjob
D．Baldocchi was not ready to take care of her parents all day long

4. 阅读以下材料，回答21-56题：


The author's attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is __________.

5. 回答{TSE}题：
　　Global warming may or may not be the great enviromental crisis of the 21st century, but---regardless ofwhether it is or isn't--we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make somefairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem,the less likely they are to be observed.
　　AI Gore calls giobal warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to asolution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and--without majortechnological
breakthroughs--we can't do much about it.
　　From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase.If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy.
We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else'sliving standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
　　No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricityusage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doingsomething." Consider the Kyoto Protocol( 《京都议定书》). It allowed countries that joined to punish those thatdidn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn'tadopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
　　The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology.Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuelsor dealing with it.
　　The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless.

What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A．It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.   
B．It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
C．Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. 
D．Very little will be done to bring it under control.

翻译
6. The 16-year-old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite __________________ (她父母的强烈反对).
7. What should one do when seeing other people's kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?
A．talk to them directly in a mild way
B．complain to their parents politely
C．simply leave them alone
D．punish them lightly
翻译
8. The victim ________ （本来会有机会活下来） if he had been taken to hospital in time.
9. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:
1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写
2. 出现这种情况的原因
3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为…
Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling
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10. 1．人总会碰到一些灾难
2．有人走不出灾难的阴影
3．你如果遇到灾难会怎么做
On Reacting to Disastrous Events