2014年英语四级考试每日一练(5月15日)
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单项选择题
1、根据材料回答题：
__________
2、听录音，回答题：
A．Children should be taught to be more careful.
B．Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.
C．There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.
D．Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.
3、 根据以下内容，回答题。
What You Really Need to Know
A． A paradox (悖论．of American higher education is this: The expectations of leading universities do much to define what secondary schools teach, and much to establish a sample for what it means to be an educated man or woman. College campuses are seen as the source for the newest thinking and for the generation of new ideas, as society's cutting edge.
B． And the world is changing very rapidly. Think social networking or stem cells. Most companies look nothing like they did 50 years ago. Think General Motors, AT&T or Goldman Sachs.
C． Yet undergraduate education changes remarkably little over time. My predecessor as Harvard President, Derek Bok, famously compared the difficulty of reforming a curriculum with the difficulty of moving a cemetery (公墓). With few exceptions, just as in the middle of the 20th century, students take four courses a term, each meeting for about three hours a week, usually with a teacher standing in front of the room. Students are evaluated on the basis of examination essays handwritten in blue books and relatively short research papers. Instructors are organized into departments, most of whichbear the same names they did when the grandparents of today's students were undergraduates. A vastmajority of students still major in one or two disciplines centered on a particular department.
D． It may be that inertia (惯性．is appropriate. Part of universities' function is to keep alive man'sgreatest creations, passing them from generation to generation. Certainly anyone urging reform doeswell to remember that in higher education the United States remains an example to the world, and thatAmerican universities compete for foreign students more successfully than almost any other Americanindustry competes for foreign customers.
E．Nonetheless, it is interesting to speculate: Suppose the educational system is drastically altered torefleot the structure of society and what we now understand about how people learn. How will whatuniversities teach be different? Here are some guesses and hopes.
F．1. Education will be more about how to process and use information and less about instructing it. Thisis a consequence of both the explosion of knowledge--and how much of it any student can truly absorb--and changes in technology. Before the printing press, scholars might have had to memorize The Canterbury Tales to have continuing access to them. This seems a bit ridiculous to us today. Bu tin a world where the entire Library of Congress will soon be accessible on a mobile device with search procedures that are vastly better than any card catalog, factual mastery will become less and less important.
G．2. An inevitable consequence of the knowledge explosion is that tasks will be carried out with far more collaboration. As just one example, the fraction of economics papers that are co-authored has more than doubled in the 30 years that I have been an economist. More significant, collaboration is a much greater par,. of what workers do, what businesses do and what governments do. Yet the great superiority of work a student does is done alone at every level in the educational system. Indeed, excessive collaboration with others goes by the name of cheating.
H．For most people, school is the last time they will be evaluated on indivividual effort. One leading investment bank has a hiring process in which a candidate must interview with upward of 60 senior members of the firm before receiving an offer. What is the most important specialty they're looking for? Not GMAT scores or college transcripts ( 成绩单), but the ability to work with others. As greater value is placed on collaboration, surely it should be practiced more in our nation's classrooms.
I．3. New technologies will profoundly alter the way knowledge is conveyed. Electronic readers allow textbooks to be constantly revised, and to mix audio and visual effects. Think of a music text in which you can hear pieces of music as you read, or a history text in which you can see film clips about what you are reading. But there are more profound changes set in train. There was a time when professors had to prepare materials for their students. Then it became clear that it would be a better system if textbooks were written by just a few of the most able: faculty members would be freed up and materials would be improved, as competition drove up textbook quality.
J．Similarly, it makes sense for students to watch video of the clearest math teacher or the most distinct analyst of the Revolutionary War rather than having thousands of separate efforts. Professors will have more time for direct discussion with students--not to mention the cost savings--and material will be better presented. In a 2008 survey of first-and second-year medical students at Harvard, those who used accelerated video lectures reported being more focused and learning more material faster than when they attended lectures in person.
K．4. As articulated ted (明确有力地表达．by the Nobel Prize-winner Daniel Kahneman in "Thinking, Fast and Slow," we understand the processes of humaa thought much better than we once did. We are not rational calculating machines but collections of modules, each programmed to be skillful at a particular set of tasks. Not everyone learns most effectively in the same way. And yet in the face of all evidence, we rely almost entirely on passive learning. Students listen to lectures or they read and then are evaluated on the basis of their ability to demonstrate content mastery. They aren't asked to actively use the knowledge they are acquiring.
L．"Active learning classrooms"—which gather students at tables, with furniture that can be rearranged and integrated technology—help professors interact with their students through the use of media and collaborative experiences. Still, with the capacity of modern information technology, there is much more that can be done to promote dynamic learning.
M．5. The world is much more open, and events abroad affect the lives of Americans more than ever before. This makes it essential that the educational experience breed cosmopolitanism ( 国际化)—that students have international experiences, and classes in the social sciences draw on examples from around the world. It seems logical, too, that more in the way of language study be expected of students. I am not so sure.
There is no fixed way of effective learning because, people are collections of modules rather than rational calculating machines.
A．A paradox (悖论) of American higher education is this: The expectations of leading universities do much to define what secondary schools teach, and much to establish a sample for what it means to be an educated man or woman. College campuses are seen as the source for the newest thinking and for the generation of new ideas, as society's cutting edge.
B． B． And the world is changing very rapidly. Think social networking or stem cells. Most companies look nothing like they did 50 years ago. Think General Motors, AT&T or Goldman Sachs.
C． C． Yet undergraduate education changes remarkably little over time. My predecessor as Harvard President, Derek Bok, famously compared the difficulty of reforming a curriculum with the difficulty of moving a cemetery (公墓). With few exceptions, just as in the middle of the 20th century, students take four courses a term, each meeting for about three hours a week, usually with a teacher standing in front of the room. Students are evaluated on the basis of examination essays handwritten in blue books and relatively short research papers. Instructors are organized into departments, most of whichbear the same names they did when the grandparents of today's students were undergraduates. A vastmajority of students still major in one or two disciplines centered on a particular department.
D． D． It may be that inertia (惯性) is appropriate. Part of universities' function is to keep alive man'sgreatest creations, passing them from generation to generation. Certainly anyone urging reform doeswell to remember that in higher education the United States remains an example to the world, and thatAmerican universities compete for foreign students more successfully than almost any other Americanindustry competes for foreign customers.
E． E． Nonetheless, it is interesting to speculate: Suppose the educational system is drastically altered torefleot the structure of society and what we now understand about how people learn. How will whatuniversities teach be different? Here are some guesses and hopes.
F． F．1. Education will be more about how to process and use information and less about instructing it. Thisis a consequence of both the explosion of knowledge--and how much of it any student can truly absorb--and changes in technology. Before the printing press, scholars might have had to memorize The Canterbury Tales to have continuing access to them. This seems a bit ridiculous to us today. Bu tin a world where the entire Library of Congress will soon be accessible on a mobile device with search procedures that are vastly better than any card catalog, factual mastery will become less and less important.
G． G．2. An inevitable consequence of the knowledge explosion is that tasks will be carried out with far more collaboration. As just one example, the fraction of economics papers that are co-authored has more than doubled in the 30 years that I have been an economist. More significant, collaboration is a much greater par,. of what workers do, what businesses do and what governments do. Yet the great superiority of work a student does is done alone at every level in the educational system. Indeed, excessive collaboration with others goes by the name of cheating.
H． H． For most people, school is the last time they will be evaluated on indivividual effort. One leading investment bank has a hiring process in which a candidate must interview with upward of 60 senior members of the firm before receiving an offer. What is the most important specialty they're looking for? Not GMAT scores or college transcripts ( 成绩单), but the ability to work with others. As greater value is placed on collaboration, surely it should be practiced more in our nation's classrooms.
I． I．3. New technologies will profoundly alter the way knowledge is conveyed. Electronic readers allow textbooks to be constantly revised, and to mix audio and visual effects. Think of a music text in which you can hear pieces of music as you read, or a history text in which you can see film clips about what you are reading. But there are more profound changes set in train. There was a time when professors had to prepare materials for their students. Then it became clear that it would be a better system if textbooks were written by just a few of the most able: faculty members would be freed up and materials would be improved, as competition drove up textbook quality.
J． J． Similarly, it makes sense for students to watch video of the clearest math teacher or the most distinct analyst of the Revolutionary War rather than having thousands of separate efforts. Professors will have more time for direct discussion with students--not to mention the cost savings--and material will be better presented. In a 2008 survey of first-and second-year medical students at Harvard, those who used accelerated video lectures reported being more focused and learning more material faster than when they attended lectures in person.
K． K
L．．
M．4. As articulated ted (明确有力地表达) by the Nobel Prize-winner Daniel Kahneman in "Thinking, Fast and Slow," we understand the processes of humaa thought much better than we once did. We are not rational calculating machines but collections of modules, each programmed to be skillful at a particular set of tasks. Not everyone learns most effectively in the same way. And yet in the face of all evidence, we rely almost entirely on passive learning. Students listen to lectures or they read and then are evaluated on the basis of their ability to demonstrate content mastery. They aren't asked to actively use the knowledge they are acquiring.
N． L． "Active learning classrooms"—which gather students at tables, with furniture that can be rearranged and integrated technology—help professors interact with their students through the use of media and collaborative experiences. Still, with the capacity of modern information technology, there is much more that can be done to promote dynamic learning.
O． M． 5. The world is much more open, and events abroad affect the lives of Americans more than ever before. This makes it essential that the educational experience breed cosmopolitanism ( 国际化)—that students have international experiences, and classes in the social sciences draw on examples from around the world. It seems logical, too, that more in the way of language study be expected of students. I am not so sure.
填空题
4、 We need to______________________(考虑我们这样做的后果)．
5、根据材料回答题：
The letter in the congratulations packet intends to __
A) persuade parents to go hack to school
B) tell how to avoid parents' responsibility
C) persuade parents to become teachers
D) sell colorful animal picture books
6、You shouldn't have been following him so closely;_____________(你应该与他保持距离).
7、Another interpretation to Senju's findings is that contagious yawning is thought to be cued by ___
[A] movements in the yawning person's mouth area
[B] yawning person's appearance
[C] changes on emotion reaction
[D] changes around the yawning person's eyes
8、__________(任何建议都欢迎)，so long as it benefits the company．
9、听材料，回答下列各题：
You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very ____26____ All languages have two general levels of usage : a formal level and an informal level. English is no ____27____. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a ____28____ level. Formal language is the ldnd of language you find in textbooks, ____29____, and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and ____30____ that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write ____31____ notes or letters to close friends.
Formal language is different from informal language ____32____. First, formal language tends to be more polite. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member, "Close the door, please. " but to a ____33____, I probably would say,"Would you mind closing the door?"
Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the ____34____. There are bound to be some words and phrases that ____35____ formal language and others that are informal. Let's say that I really like soccer. If I'm talking to my friend, I might say "I'm just crazy about soccer !" But if I were talldng to my boss, I would probably say "I really enjoy soccer. "
第26题为（ ）
10、I finally got the job I dreamed about．Never before in my life_______(我感到如此激动)!
1、根据材料回答题：
__________
2、听录音，回答题：
点击播放
A．Children should be taught to be more careful.
B．Children shouldn't drink so much orange juice.
C．There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.
D．Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.
3、 根据以下内容，回答题。
What You Really Need to Know
A． A paradox (悖论．of American higher education is this: The expectations of leading universities do much to define what secondary schools teach, and much to establish a sample for what it means to be an educated man or woman. College campuses are seen as the source for the newest thinking and for the generation of new ideas, as society's cutting edge.
B． And the world is changing very rapidly. Think social networking or stem cells. Most companies look nothing like they did 50 years ago. Think General Motors, AT&T or Goldman Sachs.
C． Yet undergraduate education changes remarkably little over time. My predecessor as Harvard President, Derek Bok, famously compared the difficulty of reforming a curriculum with the difficulty of moving a cemetery (公墓). With few exceptions, just as in the middle of the 20th century, students take four courses a term, each meeting for about three hours a week, usually with a teacher standing in front of the room. Students are evaluated on the basis of examination essays handwritten in blue books and relatively short research papers. Instructors are organized into departments, most of whichbear the same names they did when the grandparents of today's students were undergraduates. A vastmajority of students still major in one or two disciplines centered on a particular department.
D． It may be that inertia (惯性．is appropriate. Part of universities' function is to keep alive man'sgreatest creations, passing them from generation to generation. Certainly anyone urging reform doeswell to remember that in higher education the United States remains an example to the world, and thatAmerican universities compete for foreign students more successfully than almost any other Americanindustry competes for foreign customers.
E．Nonetheless, it is interesting to speculate: Suppose the educational system is drastically altered torefleot the structure of society and what we now understand about how people learn. How will whatuniversities teach be different? Here are some guesses and hopes.
F．1. Education will be more about how to process and use information and less about instructing it. Thisis a consequence of both the explosion of knowledge--and how much of it any student can truly absorb--and changes in technology. Before the printing press, scholars might have had to memorize The Canterbury Tales to have continuing access to them. This seems a bit ridiculous to us today. Bu tin a world where the entire Library of Congress will soon be accessible on a mobile device with search procedures that are vastly better than any card catalog, factual mastery will become less and less important.
G．2. An inevitable consequence of the knowledge explosion is that tasks will be carried out with far more collaboration. As just one example, the fraction of economics papers that are co-authored has more than doubled in the 30 years that I have been an economist. More significant, collaboration is a much greater par,. of what workers do, what businesses do and what governments do. Yet the great superiority of work a student does is done alone at every level in the educational system. Indeed, excessive collaboration with others goes by the name of cheating.
H．For most people, school is the last time they will be evaluated on indivividual effort. One leading investment bank has a hiring process in which a candidate must interview with upward of 60 senior members of the firm before receiving an offer. What is the most important specialty they're looking for? Not GMAT scores or college transcripts ( 成绩单), but the ability to work with others. As greater value is placed on collaboration, surely it should be practiced more in our nation's classrooms.
I．3. New technologies will profoundly alter the way knowledge is conveyed. Electronic readers allow textbooks to be constantly revised, and to mix audio and visual effects. Think of a music text in which you can hear pieces of music as you read, or a history text in which you can see film clips about what you are reading. But there are more profound changes set in train. There was a time when professors had to prepare materials for their students. Then it became clear that it would be a better system if textbooks were written by just a few of the most able: faculty members would be freed up and materials would be improved, as competition drove up textbook quality.
J．Similarly, it makes sense for students to watch video of the clearest math teacher or the most distinct analyst of the Revolutionary War rather than having thousands of separate efforts. Professors will have more time for direct discussion with students--not to mention the cost savings--and material will be better presented. In a 2008 survey of first-and second-year medical students at Harvard, those who used accelerated video lectures reported being more focused and learning more material faster than when they attended lectures in person.
K．4. As articulated ted (明确有力地表达．by the Nobel Prize-winner Daniel Kahneman in "Thinking, Fast and Slow," we understand the processes of humaa thought much better than we once did. We are not rational calculating machines but collections of modules, each programmed to be skillful at a particular set of tasks. Not everyone learns most effectively in the same way. And yet in the face of all evidence, we rely almost entirely on passive learning. Students listen to lectures or they read and then are evaluated on the basis of their ability to demonstrate content mastery. They aren't asked to actively use the knowledge they are acquiring.
L．"Active learning classrooms"—which gather students at tables, with furniture that can be rearranged and integrated technology—help professors interact with their students through the use of media and collaborative experiences. Still, with the capacity of modern information technology, there is much more that can be done to promote dynamic learning.
M．5. The world is much more open, and events abroad affect the lives of Americans more than ever before. This makes it essential that the educational experience breed cosmopolitanism ( 国际化)—that students have international experiences, and classes in the social sciences draw on examples from around the world. It seems logical, too, that more in the way of language study be expected of students. I am not so sure.
There is no fixed way of effective learning because, people are collections of modules rather than rational calculating machines.
A．A paradox (悖论) of American higher education is this: The expectations of leading universities do much to define what secondary schools teach, and much to establish a sample for what it means to be an educated man or woman. College campuses are seen as the source for the newest thinking and for the generation of new ideas, as society's cutting edge.
B． B． And the world is changing very rapidly. Think social networking or stem cells. Most companies look nothing like they did 50 years ago. Think General Motors, AT&T or Goldman Sachs.
C． C． Yet undergraduate education changes remarkably little over time. My predecessor as Harvard President, Derek Bok, famously compared the difficulty of reforming a curriculum with the difficulty of moving a cemetery (公墓). With few exceptions, just as in the middle of the 20th century, students take four courses a term, each meeting for about three hours a week, usually with a teacher standing in front of the room. Students are evaluated on the basis of examination essays handwritten in blue books and relatively short research papers. Instructors are organized into departments, most of whichbear the same names they did when the grandparents of today's students were undergraduates. A vastmajority of students still major in one or two disciplines centered on a particular department.
D． D． It may be that inertia (惯性) is appropriate. Part of universities' function is to keep alive man'sgreatest creations, passing them from generation to generation. Certainly anyone urging reform doeswell to remember that in higher education the United States remains an example to the world, and thatAmerican universities compete for foreign students more successfully than almost any other Americanindustry competes for foreign customers.
E． E． Nonetheless, it is interesting to speculate: Suppose the educational system is drastically altered torefleot the structure of society and what we now understand about how people learn. How will whatuniversities teach be different? Here are some guesses and hopes.
F． F．1. Education will be more about how to process and use information and less about instructing it. Thisis a consequence of both the explosion of knowledge--and how much of it any student can truly absorb--and changes in technology. Before the printing press, scholars might have had to memorize The Canterbury Tales to have continuing access to them. This seems a bit ridiculous to us today. Bu tin a world where the entire Library of Congress will soon be accessible on a mobile device with search procedures that are vastly better than any card catalog, factual mastery will become less and less important.
G． G．2. An inevitable consequence of the knowledge explosion is that tasks will be carried out with far more collaboration. As just one example, the fraction of economics papers that are co-authored has more than doubled in the 30 years that I have been an economist. More significant, collaboration is a much greater par,. of what workers do, what businesses do and what governments do. Yet the great superiority of work a student does is done alone at every level in the educational system. Indeed, excessive collaboration with others goes by the name of cheating.
H． H． For most people, school is the last time they will be evaluated on indivividual effort. One leading investment bank has a hiring process in which a candidate must interview with upward of 60 senior members of the firm before receiving an offer. What is the most important specialty they're looking for? Not GMAT scores or college transcripts ( 成绩单), but the ability to work with others. As greater value is placed on collaboration, surely it should be practiced more in our nation's classrooms.
I． I．3. New technologies will profoundly alter the way knowledge is conveyed. Electronic readers allow textbooks to be constantly revised, and to mix audio and visual effects. Think of a music text in which you can hear pieces of music as you read, or a history text in which you can see film clips about what you are reading. But there are more profound changes set in train. There was a time when professors had to prepare materials for their students. Then it became clear that it would be a better system if textbooks were written by just a few of the most able: faculty members would be freed up and materials would be improved, as competition drove up textbook quality.
J． J． Similarly, it makes sense for students to watch video of the clearest math teacher or the most distinct analyst of the Revolutionary War rather than having thousands of separate efforts. Professors will have more time for direct discussion with students--not to mention the cost savings--and material will be better presented. In a 2008 survey of first-and second-year medical students at Harvard, those who used accelerated video lectures reported being more focused and learning more material faster than when they attended lectures in person.
K． K
L．．
M．4. As articulated ted (明确有力地表达) by the Nobel Prize-winner Daniel Kahneman in "Thinking, Fast and Slow," we understand the processes of humaa thought much better than we once did. We are not rational calculating machines but collections of modules, each programmed to be skillful at a particular set of tasks. Not everyone learns most effectively in the same way. And yet in the face of all evidence, we rely almost entirely on passive learning. Students listen to lectures or they read and then are evaluated on the basis of their ability to demonstrate content mastery. They aren't asked to actively use the knowledge they are acquiring.
N． L． "Active learning classrooms"—which gather students at tables, with furniture that can be rearranged and integrated technology—help professors interact with their students through the use of media and collaborative experiences. Still, with the capacity of modern information technology, there is much more that can be done to promote dynamic learning.
O． M． 5. The world is much more open, and events abroad affect the lives of Americans more than ever before. This makes it essential that the educational experience breed cosmopolitanism ( 国际化)—that students have international experiences, and classes in the social sciences draw on examples from around the world. It seems logical, too, that more in the way of language study be expected of students. I am not so sure.
填空题
4、 We need to______________________(考虑我们这样做的后果)．
5、根据材料回答题：
The letter in the congratulations packet intends to __
A) persuade parents to go hack to school
B) tell how to avoid parents' responsibility
C) persuade parents to become teachers
D) sell colorful animal picture books
6、You shouldn't have been following him so closely;_____________(你应该与他保持距离).
7、Another interpretation to Senju's findings is that contagious yawning is thought to be cued by ___
[A] movements in the yawning person's mouth area
[B] yawning person's appearance
[C] changes on emotion reaction
[D] changes around the yawning person's eyes
8、__________(任何建议都欢迎)，so long as it benefits the company．
9、听材料，回答下列各题：
You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very ____26____ All languages have two general levels of usage : a formal level and an informal level. English is no ____27____. The difference in these two levels is the situation in which you use a ____28____ level. Formal language is the ldnd of language you find in textbooks, ____29____, and in business letters. You would also use formal English in compositions and ____30____ that you write in school. Informal language is used in conversation with colleagues, family members and friends, and when we write ____31____ notes or letters to close friends.
Formal language is different from informal language ____32____. First, formal language tends to be more polite. What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or a family member, "Close the door, please. " but to a ____33____, I probably would say,"Would you mind closing the door?"
Another difference between formal and informal language is some of the ____34____. There are bound to be some words and phrases that ____35____ formal language and others that are informal. Let's say that I really like soccer. If I'm talking to my friend, I might say "I'm just crazy about soccer !" But if I were talldng to my boss, I would probably say "I really enjoy soccer. "
第26题为（ ）
10、I finally got the job I dreamed about．Never before in my life_______(我感到如此激动)!
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