2015年英语四级考试每日一练(4月29日)
导读:
在线测试本批《每日一练》试题，可查看答案及解析，并保留做题记录 >> 在线做题
单项选择题
1、听音频：
根据所听到的内容，回题。
A．He made things worse.
B．He messed up the deal.
C．He wasn't trusted by the woman.
D．He had a terrible day.
2、听音频：
听录音，回答题。
A．Plan his budget carefully.
B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice.
D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
3、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.
Psychologists who study optimization ( 优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.
A．listing the consequences of each solution
B．calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C．writing down all possible solutions
D．deciding which consequences are most important
4、Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．Its variety of colors.
B．Its unusual texture.
C．The way it is sold.
D．Its main ingredient.
5、回答题
Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina，a planktonic，predatory(捕食的)sea snail that’s a member of the taxonomic group more(36)__________ known as sea butterflies．(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(叶瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around．)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B，a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon State University have fQund that the Pacific Ocean’s decreasing pH—its acidifying(酸化)，in other words-is dissolving L．helicina’s thin shells．
The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern CaliforniA．，going over each with a scanning electron microscope．More than half of the shells(53%)from onshore individuals(40)__________ signs of“severe dissolution damage，”while 24%of(41)
__________ individuals suffered dissolution damage．The study’s(42)__________ investigator,Dr．NinaBednarsek of NOAA，described the affected L．helicina shells as having a texture not unlike“cauliflower”or“sandpaper．”
According to the paper，there was a“strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and“the percentage of undersaturated(未达到饱和的)water”near the ocean’s surface．The researchers conclude“shell dissolution owing to(human．caused ocean(44)_________)
has doubled in near shore habitats since pre．industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050，”a truly(45)__________ prediction．Moreover,the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear,as damaged shells make it harder for L．helicina to fight infections，stay buoyant，and protect themselves from predators．
A．showed
B．recently
C．protected
D．commonly
E．derived
F．samples
G．offshore
H．principal
I．noticed
J．correlation
K．encouraging
L．seaward
M．acidification
N．grim
O．pollution
__________
简答题
6、 “你要茶还是要咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位尊王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上流行的饮料(bevemge)之一。茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
7、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
逆境(adversity)就是人在生活中遇到的困难和遭受的挫折(setback)。人生在世，每个人都会遇到逆境，它在人们的成长和成熟的过程中起着重要作用。人们看待它的态度决定了它对人们的影响。用积极的态度看待逆境，我们的性格会变得成熟。因此逆境其实是一种挑战和考验，它能使人的潜力发挥到。它能帮人驱走惰性，在与困难进行的搏斗中完善自己，这就是逆境的意义所在!
8、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should
write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
孔子(公元前551～公元前479)，中国历史上伟大的教育家、思想家和政治家，儒家思想(Confucianism)的创始人。他创办私学，招收并教育弟子(disciple)，创立了以“仁”为核心的道德学说。相传他有弟子三千，曾带领部分弟子周游列国。孔子的言论及其与弟子们的对话被汇集编纂成《论语》(Th eAnalects ofConfu—cius)，千古传诵。自汉代以后，儒家思想成为两千多年来中华传统文化的主流，影响极为深远。
9、故宫(Imperial Palace)位于北京城的中心，是明清两代(Ming and Qing Dynasties)的皇宫，是中国现存的古代木构建筑群。故宫始建于l406年，历时十四年后竣工，迄今已有5000多年的历史。气势雄伟的故宫是中国古建筑艺术的精华，里面保存有大量稀世文物和珍宝，对于研究明清两代及历代艺术具有重要意义。1987年被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)列入“世界人类文化遗产”。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
10、You should write a short essay on the topic ofOnline Games．
写作导航
1．指出年轻人容易沉迷于网络游戏这一社会现象，
2．阐述网络游戏并非一无是处；
3．提出自己的观点：只要足够自制，可以从网络游戏中获得真正的快乐。
1、听音频：
点击播放
根据所听到的内容，回题。
A．He made things worse.
B．He messed up the deal.
C．He wasn't trusted by the woman.
D．He had a terrible day.
2、听音频：
点击播放
听录音，回答题。
A．Plan his budget carefully.
B．Give her more information.
C．Ask someone else for advice.
D．Buy a gift for his girlfriend.
3、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet.
Psychologists who study optimization ( 优化 ) compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents (支持者) of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent (相关的) considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted (多层面的), there are several alternatives to choose from,each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for my college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with succinct ( 简洁的) statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that will lead to a successful career?"
Of the following stepsis the one that occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet.
A．listing the consequences of each solution
B．calculating a numerical summary of each solution
C．writing down all possible solutions
D．deciding which consequences are most important
4、Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．Its variety of colors.
B．Its unusual texture.
C．The way it is sold.
D．Its main ingredient.
5、回答题
Climate change has claimed its latest victim：Limacina helicina，a planktonic，predatory(捕食的)sea snail that’s a member of the taxonomic group more(36)__________ known as sea butterflies．(The name is(37)__________ from the wing-like lobes(叶瓣)the tiny creatures use to get around．)In a study(38)__________ published in joumal Proceedings of the Royal Society B，a group of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)and Oregon State University have fQund that the Pacific Ocean’s decreasing pH—its acidifying(酸化)，in other words-is dissolving L．helicina’s thin shells．
The researchers collected sea butterfly(39)__________ from 13 sites along the Pacific coast(between Washington and southern CaliforniA．，going over each with a scanning electron microscope．More than half of the shells(53%)from onshore individuals(40)__________ signs of“severe dissolution damage，”while 24%of(41)
__________ individuals suffered dissolution damage．The study’s(42)__________ investigator,Dr．NinaBednarsek of NOAA，described the affected L．helicina shells as having a texture not unlike“cauliflower”or“sandpaper．”
According to the paper，there was a“strong positive(43)__________ ”between the proportion of sea butterflies with severe shell dissolution damage and“the percentage of undersaturated(未达到饱和的)water”near the ocean’s surface．The researchers conclude“shell dissolution owing to(human．caused ocean(44)_________)
has doubled in near shore habitats since pre．industrial conditions across this region and is on track to triple by 2050，”a truly(45)__________ prediction．Moreover,the broader implications for ecosystem are unclear,as damaged shells make it harder for L．helicina to fight infections，stay buoyant，and protect themselves from predators．
A．showed
B．recently
C．protected
D．commonly
E．derived
F．samples
G．offshore
H．principal
I．noticed
J．correlation
K．encouraging
L．seaward
M．acidification
N．grim
O．pollution
__________
简答题
6、 “你要茶还是要咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位尊王于五千多年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上流行的饮料(bevemge)之一。茶是中国的民族饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
7、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
逆境(adversity)就是人在生活中遇到的困难和遭受的挫折(setback)。人生在世，每个人都会遇到逆境，它在人们的成长和成熟的过程中起着重要作用。人们看待它的态度决定了它对人们的影响。用积极的态度看待逆境，我们的性格会变得成熟。因此逆境其实是一种挑战和考验，它能使人的潜力发挥到。它能帮人驱走惰性，在与困难进行的搏斗中完善自己，这就是逆境的意义所在!
8、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should
write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
孔子(公元前551～公元前479)，中国历史上伟大的教育家、思想家和政治家，儒家思想(Confucianism)的创始人。他创办私学，招收并教育弟子(disciple)，创立了以“仁”为核心的道德学说。相传他有弟子三千，曾带领部分弟子周游列国。孔子的言论及其与弟子们的对话被汇集编纂成《论语》(Th eAnalects ofConfu—cius)，千古传诵。自汉代以后，儒家思想成为两千多年来中华传统文化的主流，影响极为深远。
9、故宫(Imperial Palace)位于北京城的中心，是明清两代(Ming and Qing Dynasties)的皇宫，是中国现存的古代木构建筑群。故宫始建于l406年，历时十四年后竣工，迄今已有5000多年的历史。气势雄伟的故宫是中国古建筑艺术的精华，里面保存有大量稀世文物和珍宝，对于研究明清两代及历代艺术具有重要意义。1987年被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)列入“世界人类文化遗产”。
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
10、You should write a short essay on the topic ofOnline Games．
写作导航
1．指出年轻人容易沉迷于网络游戏这一社会现象，
2．阐述网络游戏并非一无是处；
3．提出自己的观点：只要足够自制，可以从网络游戏中获得真正的快乐。
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