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2015年英语四级考试每日一练(12月7日)

2015年12月7日来源:233网校评论
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在线测试本批《每日一练》试题,可查看答案及解析,并保留做题记录 >> 在线做题
  • 第1页:练习试题
单项选择题
1、听音频,
回答题 

A.Call the garage for solution.
B.Ask the neighbor for help.
C.Try to get a taxi in time. 
D.Stay at home and wait for him.


2、
The Changes Facing Fast Food
A.Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch.Health experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people fat.Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup.These arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope with.But not perhaps for much longer.The burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.
B)Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof.When consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive.Such "trading down"proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants.Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.
C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors.In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains.In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn.Panera Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.
D)But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate.Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall.In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money.David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.
E.Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value.During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items.But in many cases that strategy did not work.Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make.In May a judge ruled in favour of Burger King.Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.
F.Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year.But the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their strategies.Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.
G.Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks.McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks.Its " McCafe" line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America.Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.
H.As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the day.Many see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty food.McDonald's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year.Breakfast has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high.Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks andwraps.The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day," says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.
I.But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided governmentregulation.By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a burger.But customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.
J.In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr.Palmer of UBS.America's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu.A study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.
K.In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says.But therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie"Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.
Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.


3、
根据录音,选择合适的答案(  )。
A.The man had better choose another restaurant.
B.The new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.
C.The new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.
D.The man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.


4、
School Lunch
A) Ryan moved silently through the lunch lone.The cook put a cheeseburger(奶酪汉堡)and an apple-sauce cup on his tray.He grabbed a bottle of milk from the cooler at the end of the line and found a seat in the cafeteria(食堂).Ryan saw that his friend Tyler had brought lunch from home.“What did you bring today,Tyler?”he asked.Tyler pulled his meal out of its brown paper sack.“I've got a ham sandwich,chips,two cupcakes,and a can of soda’’Ryan’s mouth started to water.“Uh,Tyler,”he said.“If you don’t want one of those cupcakes.I'll take it.They sure look good.”Tyler handed Ryan his cupcake.“Sure.”he said.“l won’t eat all this.”
Lunch Requirements
B) Is Ryan eating a healthy meal if he eats the school lunch? School lunch supporters say“Yes.”Recent studies show that a government approved school lunch has more variety and is more nutritious(有营养的) than most lunches brought from home.It's also lower in fat.The National School Lunch Act requires that school lunches go along with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans developed by the government.Meals must contain a variety of foods with plenty of grains and at least one fruit or vegetable each day.Foods must not contain too much sugar or salt.A hot lunch can contain up to 30%fat,but not more than 10%of its calories(卡路里)should come from saturated(饱和的)fat.Inan average week,you should get one third of the daily Recommended Dietary Allowances for proreIn,iron,calcium(钙),and vitamins A and C from your school lunch.
Dare to Compare
C) Let’s compare Ryan’s and Tyler’s meals to see which is healthier.Ryan’s hot lunch(without the cup-cake from his friend)has 577 calories,25 grams of total fat,and 12 grams of saturated fat.He had one serving of fruit,26 grams of protein,and 483 milligrams of calcium.Ryan ate more total fat(39%)and saturated fat(19%)than the dietary guidelines recommend.However,schools can still meet the guidelines by havmg the numbers average out over a week of lunches.
D) Tyler's lunch from home(this includes both cupcakes)had 1,014 calories,45 grams(40%)of  total fat,and 10 grams(9%)of saturated fat.He ate 21 grams of protein and 155 milligrams of calcium,but no flmits or vegetables.Tyler's meal met the saturated fat guidelines,but had too much total fat.Tyler ate more calories and total fat than Ryan did.Ryan ate more protein,calcium,and fruit than Tyler did.Which meal would you say is the healthier choice?
A la Carte Options’
E) Federal standards and most school districts forbid selling food in the cafeteria that competes with the school lunch.Many programs do,however,offer a la carte choices for students who don’t want the hot meal.Foods sold h la carte are separate from the main meal and are priced individually.These foods do not have to meet the same nutritional standards as the foods on the hot lunch menu.Neither do the foods sold at a snack-bar or those foods available elsewhere in the school.
F) A study in one Texas school district compared the lunches of fourth graders who did not have food choices with those of fifth graders who could choose either a standard lunch or select from a snackbar.The fourth graders ate 25%more fruits and vegetables than the fifth graders.Food sold as fundraisers can also have an impact on school lunch.The money raised is important to provide needed funds for many after-class activities.But the meal’s over all nutritional quauty usually goes down.Many of these foods are high in fat,sugar,or both,and often come in extra-large portions.Fund-fairs rarely sell fruits and vegetables.
Choosing Wisely
G) School food-service programs are trying to please students,and still offer quality,nutritious meals at low cost.That task isn’t easy.One school district in New York decided to do something about it.A student advisory board kept the food-service director up-to-date on what the kids wanted.They also worked with school snack-bars to sell smaller servings of chips and candy.
H) You can make healthy meal choices at school even when not-so-healthy choices are available.You can be sure to get a nutritious meal when you pick foods from the Food Guide Pyramid.For example,always drink milk or a calcium-rich juice for lunch.Even chocolate milk is more nutritious than soda or a sports drink.Stay away from snack foods offered a la carte.They may fill you up now.but the ones that contain a lot of fat and sugar will slow you down later.Always eat the fruits and vegetables offered at the meal.They help give you the energy and vitamins you need to get you through the rest of your school day.Some people like to make fun of school lunches,but good nutrition is no laughing matter.Your school’s hot lunch is based on the Food Guide Pyramid,so it's full of nutrition.Give it a try.You might be pleasantly surprised.
It’s a Team Effort
I) Team Nutrition is a program that gets schools excited about healthy eating.Schools across the nation pick a team leader who develops fun nutrition activities.The leader works with students,teachers,parents,food-service workers,and people from the community.Activities can range from running a school health fair to planting a garden.At the Jordan Community School in Chicago,Illinois,one group of fifth graders showed off their  “pizza(比萨饼)garden”in a big,colorful poster showing vegetarian pizzas.The students and food-service staff planted and took care of the vegetables that they would later use as ingredients on their pizzas.The group started growing the plants in the school’s cafeteria.Then they moved them outdoors to the students’ demonstration garden.This is just one way to get everyone involved in making school lunch healthy and fun.
Team up with your own group and see how creative you can get.
Tyler's home-prepared meal meets the Dietary Guidelines for Americans in terms of saturated fat.


5、Questions are based on the following passage.
      Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world.Part of the warming is natural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice____36____away.However, we have already reached temperatures that are in____37____with other minimum-ice periods, so continued warming is likely not natural.We are____38____to a predicted worldwide increase in temperatures____39____between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years.The warming will be more____40____in some areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off.Likewise, the____41____of this warming will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels,while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (益居的) and____42____for humans than
these areas are now.
      The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on____43____, everywhere.Scientists are in general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the result of a human-induced global warming trend.Some scientists_____44____that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random (无规律的) variation--some years are cold, others warm, and we have just
had an unremarkable string of warm years____45____but that is becoming an increasingly rare interpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.
A.appealing           
B.average           
C.contributing         
D.dramatic
E.frequently          
F.impact             
G.line                
H.maintain
I.melted             
J.persist             
K.ranging             
L.recently
M.resolved           
N.sensible            
O.shock
第(36)题应填__________


6、听录音,回答题

A. In a restaurant.
B. In a hotel lobby. 
C. At the man's office.
D. At the woman's place.


简答题
7、Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Rewards for Doing a Good Deed Be Promoted? You should write at least 12.0 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. 
Should Rewards for Doing a Good Deed Be Promoted?


8、大熊猫(giant pandA.是一种温顺的动物,长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少,大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来,大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员,主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前。世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此,确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。


9、 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the topic of the advantages and disadvantages of keeping pets.You should state your viewpoint on the topic and write at least 120 wordsbut no more than 180 words.


10、 Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture andthen express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. Youshould write at least 120 words but no rnore than 180 words.



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