Passage Three
　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　32.A) Job security.
　　B) Good labour relations.
　　C) Challenging work.
　　D) Attractive wages and benefits.
　　33.A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.
　　B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.
　　C) Computers will change to nature of many jobs.
　　D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.
　　34.A) Offer them chances of promotion.
　　B) Improve their working conditions.
　　C) Encourage them to compete with each other.
　　D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.
　　35.A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.
　　B) They concern a small number of people only.
　　C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.
　　D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.
　　[原文]
　　It is logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits, and job security motivate workers. But one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers, they are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there are always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs, and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as part of a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team. And let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them, and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company shared values or culture, with which all the staff can identify. For example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user friendly, or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets, which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there is only a limited number of such goals to go around. And by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can seriously play in to be the best.
　　Questions:
　　32. What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?
　　33. What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
　　34. What do some supermarkets do to motivate their employees?
　　35. Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
　　[答案解析]
　　32．C
　　细节题。本题询问到底什么可以真正激励员工努力工作呢。原文提到Motivators，in contrast，include things such as having a challenging and interesting job，recognition and responsibility．(与之相对，起激励作用的包括富有挑战性和趣味性的工作，赞誉以及责任感。)A是说工作安全性；B是说好的工作关系；D是说高薪和福利。这三项在文章句话中出现，但Frederick Herzberg认为这些do not motivate workers(并不能激励员工)。因此C是正确答案。
　　33．A
　　细节题。本题询问作者对电脑信息时代工作的看法。文章中提到However，even with the development of computers and robotics，there are always plenty of boring，repetitive and mechanical jobs，and lots of unskilled people who have to do them．(尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在那些无聊的、重复和机械的工作，需要那些没有一技之长的人完成它们。)选项A中tedious“无聊的”，manually“手工做地”，与原文相对应。B是说越来越多的没有一技之长的工人将失业；C是说计算机将会改变许多工作的性质；D是说枯燥的工作将会渐渐变得有趣，均与原文不符。因此A为正确答案。
　　34．D
　　细节题。本题询问超市如何激励员工努力工作。在文中激励超市员工工作是作者引用的一个事例，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在for example前的总结句：Give them some responsibilities，not as individuals，but as a part of a team．(分给他们责任，不是把他们作为单个的个人，而是作为闭队的一部分。)关键词responsibilities．team都出现在选项D中。A是说提供给员工升职的机会；B是说改善工作环境；C是说鼓励员工与他人竞争，文中均未提及。因此D为正确答案。
　　35．B
　　细节题。本题询问为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情。答案出现在结尾处Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets，which ultimately only concern a few people．(团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益终只会与团队中的个别人相关。)B选项是原文only concern a few people的同义转述。A是说它不能给员工带来真正的利益；C是说它是由管理层独断设立的；D是说它超出了一般员工的掌控，文中均未提及。因此B为正确答案。

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