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 Passage Two

　　Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

　　"One of the reason I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger," say Lindson-Hawly, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

　　By studying about 700 adult smoker, she found out that her mom quit the right way-by stopping abruptly and completely.

　　In her study, participants were randomly(随机地)assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine(尼古丁)patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

　　Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it-more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

　　And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice.' "says Lindsons-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings(瘾)and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. "Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabrieia Ferreira, "When you can quote a specific number like a fifith of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.

　　People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

　　51.【题干】What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

　　【选项】

　　A.She quit smoking with her daughter's help.

　　B.She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.

　　C.She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.

　　D.She studied the smoking pattems of adult smokers.

　　【答案】B

　　【参考解析】根据题干中专有名词Lindson-Hawley回文快速定位到文章中的段，根据段的信息可得出Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，第二段中她发现她的母亲有效地戒烟了，而且戒地很突然、很彻底。根据第二段中的信息点，可以得出本题的正确选项应为B She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly. (她突然成功戒掉了烟瘾。)A、C、D选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。

　　52.【题干】What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?

　　【选项】

　　A.They were given physical training.

　　B.They were looked after by physicians.

　　C.They were encouraged by pshchologists.

　　D.They were offered nicotine replacements.

　　【答案】D

　　【参考解析】本题问的是“在Lindson-Hawley的研究中，吸烟者在戒烟的过程中得到了哪些帮助?”，本题解题根据题文一致原则，可顺序定位至第三段第四、五句话，提到两组志愿者在戒烟前除了使用nicotine replacement(尼古丁替代疗法)之外，还使用nicotine patches尼古丁贴片(一种戒烟贴)。他们还在戒烟前后接受护士的talk therapy(谈话治疗)。结合定位信息及四个选项的意思，可以确定选项D They were offered nicotine replacements.为本题的正确答案。

　　53.【题干】How does Dr.Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?

　　【选项】

　　A.It is idealized.

　　B.It is unexpected.

　　C.It is encouraging.

　　D.It is misleading.

　　【答案】C

　　【参考解析】根据题干中专有名词Dr. Gabriela Ferreira回文定位该题至文中第五段后半部分Dr. Gabriela Ferreira的引语部分，其中她提到“It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it.”根据这句话结合四个选项的意思，可以确定选项C It is encouraging.为原文的同义替换。

　　54.【题干】The idea of "a marathon" (Line 2, Para.5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking _____.

　　【选项】

　　A.is something few can accomplish

　　B.needs some practice first

　　C.requires a lot of patience

　　D.is a challenge at the beginning

　　【答案】B

　　【参考解析】根据题干定位至第五段第2行，根据上下文，可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, ‘well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice’.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习，该题四个选项中B needs some practice first.为文中信息的同义替换。A、C、D选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。

　　55.【题干】What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?

　　【选项】

　　A.They find it even more difficult.

　　B.They are simply unable to make it.

　　C.They show fewer withdrawal symptoms

　　D.They feel much less pain in the process.

　　【答案】A

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