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  第二篇:�类题型干扰项特点
  新闻记者ç�†è§£é¢˜ä¸€èˆ¬é‡‡ç”¨ä¸»æ—¨å¤§æ„�题ã€�事实细节题ã€�判æ–è¯�汇题ã€�逻辑推ç�†é¢˜ã€�作者观点æ€�度题五ç§�å½¢å¼�。考生若掌æ�¡äº†è¿™äº›é¢˜åž‹å¹²æ‰°é¡¹çš„特点,也有助于帮助自己排除干扰项,å�šå‡ºæ£ç¡®åœ°é€‰æ‹©ã€‚
  (一)主旨大�题干扰项特点。
  (1)虽覆盖全文��,但显得太笼统;
  (2)其内容太窄,ä¸�能覆盖全文内容,å�ªæ˜¯æ–‡ç« 内容的一部分,或å�ªæ˜¯æ–‡ç« 内容的一个细æž�未节;
  (3)ä¸Žæ–‡ç« å†…å®¹æ¯«ä¸�ç›¸å¹²ï¼Œæˆ–ä¸Žæ–‡ç« å†…å®¹ç›¸æ‚–ã€‚
  例(1) The author write this passage to _____ 。(1995å¹´6月å…级题30)
  A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
  B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
  C. demand equal rights for woman
  D. emphasize the importance of appearance
  (分æž�ï¼šæ–‡ç« ä¸å¿ƒæ„�æ€�是讲漂亮对女性的ä¸�利影å“�(But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability。)但B项表达的æ„�æ€�å��离了主题(ä¸�是æ��供建议),且ä¸�是对所有外貌有é�力的人而言的;C项内容太笼统,太宽,ä¸�是讲女æ�ƒå¹³ç‰ï¼›Dé¡¹å†…å®¹ä¸Žæ–‡ç« ä¸»æ—¨ç›¸å��。故选A项。)
  (二)细节题干扰项特点。
  (1)与原�内容相�;
  (2)与原文内容一�相�一���;
  (3)与原�内容相似但过于化;
  (4)åŽŸæ–‡ä¸æ ¹æœ¬æ²¡æ��到。
  例(1) According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?(1996å¹´1月å…级题35)
  A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood。
  B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
  C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man?
  D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter。
  (分æž�:æ¤é¢˜æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªç»†èŠ‚åˆ¤æ–题。A项与原文内容相å��,过于化,原文是说由硅æ��料构æˆ�的计算机å�¯èƒ½æˆ�为一ç§�新的智慧生命,并ä¸�是说已ç»�是。Bé¡¹å†…å®¹åŽŸæ–‡ä¸æ ¹æœ¬æ²¡æ��到。C项说计算机的推ç�†èƒ½åŠ›ç›®å‰�已超过人类,但原文内容å�ªæ˜¯è¯´åˆ°90年代,第6代计算机的问世,其推ç�†èƒ½åŠ›æ‰�与人类的大脑相匹é…�,而ä¸�æ˜¯å·²è¶…è¿‡ï¼Œæ•…ä¸ŽåŽŸæ–‡å†…å®¹æœ‰å‡ºå…¥ã€‚å› æ¤ç”案是D项。)
  (三)逻辑推�题干扰项特点
  (1)ä¸�æ˜¯åœ¨æ–‡ç« äº‹å®žæˆ–ä¸Šä¸‹æ–‡(å�¥)逻辑基础上进行推ç�†è€Œå¾—出了观点。
  (2)虽然å�¯ä»¥ä»¥æ–‡ç« æ��供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推ç�†ï¼Œä½†æŽ¨ç�†è¿‡å¤´ï¼Œæ¦‚括过度。
  例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didn't realize _____ 。(1993å¹´6月å…级题27)
  A. the interdependence of water, soil and living things
  B. the importance of the proper land use
  C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods
  D. the extraordinary rapid growth of population
  (分æž�:æ¤é¢˜å±žä»Žäº‹å®žæ��述的基础上进行推ç�†ã€‚çŸæ–‡ä¸»è¦�讲了"环ä¿�是我们生活的一部分"。地下水ä½�çš„é‡�è¦�性以å�Šä¿�护æ¤�被对ä¿�护æº�头的æ„�义和充分利用江河ä¸çš„æ°´èµ„æº�çš„æ„�ä¹‰ã€‚è€Œæ–‡ç« å¼€å¤´å°±æ��出一ç§�观点"我们è¦�ç�€æ‰‹å¼¥è¡¥å…ˆè¾ˆä»¬çš„错误。"ç”±æ¤å�¯æŽ¨æ–出早期先辈们没有æ„�识到水ã€�土地ã€�生物之间的相互ä¾�å˜å…³ç³»ï¼Œé€‰A项。Bã€�C项推ç�†å‡ºçš„观点太窄,ä¸�能概括整段ä¸å¿ƒï¼ŒDé¡¹çŸæ–‡ä¸æ ¹æœ¬æ²¡æ��到。)
  例(2) It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _____ 。(1996å¹´1月å…级题24)
  A. has brought about an information revolution
  B. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computers
  C. has given rise to new forms of music culture
  D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
  (分æž�ï¼šçŸæ–‡ä¸å�¥ç”µå�媒体本身是"ä¿¡æ�¯é�©å‘½"(information revolution)的一部分,而A项说"导致ã€�带æ�¥"(brought about)ä¿¡æ�¯é�©å‘½ï¼Œå±žæŽ¨ç�†è¿‡å¤´ã€‚æ–‡ä¸è¿˜è°ˆåˆ°è®¡ç®—机本身是一ç§�电å�媒体,而这ç§�媒体å�ˆæ˜¯éŸ³ä¹�物质文化的一个更为é‡�è¦�的部分,而B项"åŠ é€Ÿæ–°ä¸€ä»£è®¡ç®—æœºçš„äº§ç”Ÿ"从逻辑上推ä¸�出æ�¥ã€‚Dé¡¹è¯´å¯¼è‡´äº†ä¼ ç»Ÿä¹�器的å�˜é�©ï¼Œè€Œæ–‡ä¸æ ¹æœ¬æ²¡æ��到"traditional musical instruments"属ä¸�在事实基础上进行æ�„ï¼Œæ•…é”™ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œé€‰é¡¹Cæ‰�是æ£ç¡®ç”案。)
  (å››)观点æ€�度题干扰项特点纵观历届四ã€�å…级阅读ç�†è§£è¯•题在考查å¦ç”Ÿæ�£æµ‹ä½œè€…观点æ€�度时,æ£ç¡®é€‰é¡¹è¦�么是肯定ã€�赞扬ã€�褒义性的(如positive, support, useful, interesting, admiringç‰)è¦�么是å�¦å®šã€�批评ã€�贬义性的(如disgust, critical, negative, disappointmentç‰)而å�ˆä»¥å�¦å®šã€�贬义性居多。所以æ¤ç±»é¢˜åž‹ä¸çš„䏿€§è¯�(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般å�‡ä¸ºå¹²æ‰°é¡¹ã€‚
ã€€ã€€ç”±äºŽè¿‘å‡ å¹´æ–‡ç« éƒ½æ˜¯å��æ˜ ä¸Žç¤¾ä¼šè�”系紧密的,多为人们所担心的现象,故作者对这些社会现象æŒ�批评æ€�度的较多。
  例(1) The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is _____ . (1998å¹´ 6月å…级题25)
  (分æž�ï¼šç”æ¡ˆæ˜¯(B)critical 其它选项(A)positive, (C)indifferent, (D)tolerantå�‡ä¸ºå¹²æ‰°é¡¹ã€‚)
  例(2) What the last paragraph tells us is the author's _____ . (1998å¹´1月å…级题30)
  A. detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
  B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh。
  C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
  D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry industry in Bangladesh。
  (分æž�ï¼šç”æ¡ˆé€‰Cã€‚è¡¨æ˜Žä½œè€…çš„æ‰¹è¯æ€�度。)
  例(3) The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is _____ 。(1996年1月四级题68)
  (分æž�:æ£ç¡®ç”案为(C)critical, 其它选项(A)neutral, (B)positive, (D)compromising å�‡ä¸ºå¹²æ‰°é¡¹ã€‚)
  新闻记者ç�†è§£é¢˜ä¸€èˆ¬é‡‡ç”¨ä¸»æ—¨å¤§æ„�题ã€�事实细节题ã€�判æ–è¯�汇题ã€�逻辑推ç�†é¢˜ã€�作者观点æ€�度题五ç§�å½¢å¼�。考生若掌æ�¡äº†è¿™äº›é¢˜åž‹å¹²æ‰°é¡¹çš„特点,也有助于帮助自己排除干扰项,å�šå‡ºæ£ç¡®åœ°é€‰æ‹©ã€‚
  (一)主旨大�题干扰项特点。
  (1)虽覆盖全文��,但显得太笼统;
  (2)其内容太窄,ä¸�能覆盖全文内容,å�ªæ˜¯æ–‡ç« 内容的一部分,或å�ªæ˜¯æ–‡ç« 内容的一个细æž�未节;
  (3)ä¸Žæ–‡ç« å†…å®¹æ¯«ä¸�ç›¸å¹²ï¼Œæˆ–ä¸Žæ–‡ç« å†…å®¹ç›¸æ‚–ã€‚
  例(1) The author write this passage to _____ 。(1995å¹´6月å…级题30)
  A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive
  B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive
  C. demand equal rights for woman
  D. emphasize the importance of appearance
  (分æž�ï¼šæ–‡ç« ä¸å¿ƒæ„�æ€�是讲漂亮对女性的ä¸�利影å“�(But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability。)但B项表达的æ„�æ€�å��离了主题(ä¸�是æ��供建议),且ä¸�是对所有外貌有é�力的人而言的;C项内容太笼统,太宽,ä¸�是讲女æ�ƒå¹³ç‰ï¼›Dé¡¹å†…å®¹ä¸Žæ–‡ç« ä¸»æ—¨ç›¸å��。故选A项。)
  (二)细节题干扰项特点。
  (1)与原�内容相�;
  (2)与原文内容一�相�一���;
  (3)与原�内容相似但过于化;
  (4)åŽŸæ–‡ä¸æ ¹æœ¬æ²¡æ��到。
  例(1) According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?(1996å¹´1月å…级题35)
  A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood。
  B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man
  C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man?
  D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter。
  (分æž�:æ¤é¢˜æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªç»†èŠ‚åˆ¤æ–题。A项与原文内容相å��,过于化,原文是说由硅æ��料构æˆ�的计算机å�¯èƒ½æˆ�为一ç§�新的智慧生命,并ä¸�是说已ç»�是。Bé¡¹å†…å®¹åŽŸæ–‡ä¸æ ¹æœ¬æ²¡æ��到。C项说计算机的推ç�†èƒ½åŠ›ç›®å‰�已超过人类,但原文内容å�ªæ˜¯è¯´åˆ°90年代,第6代计算机的问世,其推ç�†èƒ½åŠ›æ‰�与人类的大脑相匹é…�,而ä¸�æ˜¯å·²è¶…è¿‡ï¼Œæ•…ä¸ŽåŽŸæ–‡å†…å®¹æœ‰å‡ºå…¥ã€‚å› æ¤ç”案是D项。)
  (三)逻辑推�题干扰项特点
  (1)ä¸�æ˜¯åœ¨æ–‡ç« äº‹å®žæˆ–ä¸Šä¸‹æ–‡(å�¥)逻辑基础上进行推ç�†è€Œå¾—出了观点。
  (2)虽然å�¯ä»¥ä»¥æ–‡ç« æ��供的事实或内在逻辑为基础进行推ç�†ï¼Œä½†æŽ¨ç�†è¿‡å¤´ï¼Œæ¦‚括过度。
  例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generations didn't realize _____ 。(1993å¹´6月å…级题27)
  A. the interdependence of water, soil and living things
  B. the importance of the proper land use
  C. the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods
  D. the extraordinary rapid growth of population
  (分æž�:æ¤é¢˜å±žä»Žäº‹å®žæ��述的基础上进行推ç�†ã€‚çŸæ–‡ä¸»è¦�讲了"环ä¿�是我们生活的一部分"。地下水ä½�çš„é‡�è¦�性以å�Šä¿�护æ¤�被对ä¿�护æº�头的æ„�义和充分利用江河ä¸çš„æ°´èµ„æº�çš„æ„�ä¹‰ã€‚è€Œæ–‡ç« å¼€å¤´å°±æ��出一ç§�观点"我们è¦�ç�€æ‰‹å¼¥è¡¥å…ˆè¾ˆä»¬çš„错误。"ç”±æ¤å�¯æŽ¨æ–出早期先辈们没有æ„�识到水ã€�土地ã€�生物之间的相互ä¾�å˜å…³ç³»ï¼Œé€‰A项。Bã€�C项推ç�†å‡ºçš„观点太窄,ä¸�能概括整段ä¸å¿ƒï¼ŒDé¡¹çŸæ–‡ä¸æ ¹æœ¬æ²¡æ��到。)
  例(2) It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music _____ 。(1996å¹´1月å…级题24)
  A. has brought about an information revolution
  B. has speeded up the advent of a new generation of computers
  C. has given rise to new forms of music culture
  D. has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments
  (分æž�ï¼šçŸæ–‡ä¸å�¥ç”µå�媒体本身是"ä¿¡æ�¯é�©å‘½"(information revolution)的一部分,而A项说"导致ã€�带æ�¥"(brought about)ä¿¡æ�¯é�©å‘½ï¼Œå±žæŽ¨ç�†è¿‡å¤´ã€‚æ–‡ä¸è¿˜è°ˆåˆ°è®¡ç®—机本身是一ç§�电å�媒体,而这ç§�媒体å�ˆæ˜¯éŸ³ä¹�物质文化的一个更为é‡�è¦�的部分,而B项"åŠ é€Ÿæ–°ä¸€ä»£è®¡ç®—æœºçš„äº§ç”Ÿ"从逻辑上推ä¸�出æ�¥ã€‚Dé¡¹è¯´å¯¼è‡´äº†ä¼ ç»Ÿä¹�器的å�˜é�©ï¼Œè€Œæ–‡ä¸æ ¹æœ¬æ²¡æ��到"traditional musical instruments"属ä¸�在事实基础上进行æ�„ï¼Œæ•…é”™ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œé€‰é¡¹Cæ‰�是æ£ç¡®ç”案。)
  (å››)观点æ€�度题干扰项特点纵观历届四ã€�å…级阅读ç�†è§£è¯•题在考查å¦ç”Ÿæ�£æµ‹ä½œè€…观点æ€�度时,æ£ç¡®é€‰é¡¹è¦�么是肯定ã€�赞扬ã€�褒义性的(如positive, support, useful, interesting, admiringç‰)è¦�么是å�¦å®šã€�批评ã€�贬义性的(如disgust, critical, negative, disappointmentç‰)而å�ˆä»¥å�¦å®šã€�贬义性居多。所以æ¤ç±»é¢˜åž‹ä¸çš„䏿€§è¯�(如indifferent, ambivalent, neutral, humor, disinterested, impassive)一般å�‡ä¸ºå¹²æ‰°é¡¹ã€‚
ã€€ã€€ç”±äºŽè¿‘å‡ å¹´æ–‡ç« éƒ½æ˜¯å��æ˜ ä¸Žç¤¾ä¼šè�”系紧密的,多为人们所担心的现象,故作者对这些社会现象æŒ�批评æ€�度的较多。
  例(1) The author's attitude toward the communications revolution is _____ . (1998å¹´ 6月å…级题25)
  (分æž�ï¼šç”æ¡ˆæ˜¯(B)critical 其它选项(A)positive, (C)indifferent, (D)tolerantå�‡ä¸ºå¹²æ‰°é¡¹ã€‚)
  例(2) What the last paragraph tells us is the author's _____ . (1998å¹´1月å…级题30)
  A. detailed analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
  B. great appreciation of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh。
  C. critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
  D. practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry industry in Bangladesh。
  (分æž�ï¼šç”æ¡ˆé€‰Cã€‚è¡¨æ˜Žä½œè€…çš„æ‰¹è¯æ€�度。)
  例(3) The author's attitude towards the speaker's remarks is _____ 。(1996年1月四级题68)
  (分æž�:æ£ç¡®ç”案为(C)critical, 其它选项(A)neutral, (B)positive, (D)compromising å�‡ä¸ºå¹²æ‰°é¡¹ã€‚)
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