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2014年英语四级考试每日一练(8月15日)

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  • 第1页:练习试题
单项选择题
1、 回答题:
        Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care and upbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have children, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children.
        With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased their ages marriage, and sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20.3 and 22.8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26.0 and 27.7. These changes in age at mariage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings.
        The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on roaring of children. These effects are not due to lower marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children.
        Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job in raising their children, common sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive ( 非认知性) traits of children, These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousness in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect, on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding.
        I am not claiming that children are worst oft" when their parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or ff they bad abusive (粗暴的) fathers. Rather, it, appears that up to a significant point, children are, better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal.
What do we learn from the first paragraph about marriage?
A.It is primarily a necessary step to have children.
B.It meets resistance in Western and other rich countries.
C.It has a tremendous impact on the rearing of children.
D.It is the most important institution throughout history.


2、Questions are based on the following passage.
  Politics is an emotional business.Still,many people found themselves unusually moved by the historic presidential inauguration.Watching the huge crowds,we saw laughter,cheers,hugs—but also many tears.
  It made us wonder ,why do people cry ?It is believed that tears must be good for us—a way to calm the mind and cleanse the soul.Yet studies show that crying sometimes makes people feel worse.
  Three researchers in Florida and the Netherlands recently looked more deeply into the subject.
  They examined detailed descriptions of crying experiences.Psychologist Jonathan Rottenberg at the University of South Florida says they wanted to study crying as it happens in everyday life,not in a laboratory.The team analyzed information from the International Study on Adult Crying.As Dart of that study,3,000 people in different countries,mostly college students,wrote about recent crying experiences.They noted causes,surroundings and any people involved in the event.They also reported how they felt after they cried.
Professor Rottenberg says the research showed that all crying experiences are not created equally.
  Crying does not always make a person feel better,he says.About lo percent of people reported feeling worse after they cried.But a third felt better after crying.And a majority reported the experience was helpful.The research showed that people who cry alone may not do as well as those with others around.
People who reached out for emotional support at the time——and received it——reported better resuIts from the crying experience.But those who felt shame or embarrassment while crying were less likely to report that crying had been helpful.
  Research has shown that women cry more often and more intensely than men,but it mav not be to better effect.The new findings did not show that a person’s sex was a predictor of beneficial crying.
  In other words,just because women cry more does not mean they are more likely to have a"good"cry.
  The paper entitled/s Crying Beneficial?appeared in December in Current Directions in Psychologica,Science.Scientists say the science of crying is still in its infancy.
According to the passage,which of the following statements about crying is TRUE?
A.Crying is absolutely good for people’s health.
B.Those crying with others around will feel better than those crying alone.
C.Crying will help a lot for those who felt shame or embarrassment while crying.
D.The benefits of crying are related to a person’s sex.


填空题
3、Questions are based on the following passage.
  One in five US workers regularly attends after-work drinks with co-workers, where the most common  36_________range from bad-mouthing (说……的坏话. another worker to kissing a colleague and drinking too much,according to a study  37  on Tuesday.
  Most workers attend so-called happy hours to  38_________ with colleagues, although 15 percent go to hear thelatest office gossip and 13 percent go because they feel obligated, said the survey conducted for CareerBuilder. com,an online job site.
  As to what happens when the after-work drinks flow,16 percent reported bad-mouthing a colleague,10percent shared a secret about a colleague,8 percent kissed a colleague and 8 percent said they drank too much andacted  39_________  .5 percent said they had shared a secret about the company, and 4 percent  40________  to singing karaoke.While 21 percent of those who attend say happy hours are good for  41_________,85 percent said attending had nothelped them get   42_________  to someone higher up or get a better position.
  An equal number of men and women said they attend happy hours with co-workers, with younger workers aged 25 to 34 most likely and workers over 55 least  43_________to attend.
  Overall,21 percent of workers attend happy hours with co-workers and, of those,44_________a quarter go at least once a month.
  The survey was  45 _________online by Harris Interactive on behalf of CareerBuilder. com among 6,987 full-time employees.
A. bond                                   
B.acknowledged                          
C. nearly                                
D. specially                             
E. anywhere                              
F. mishaps                                
G. obligated                              
H. likely
I. conducted
J. idly
K. unprofessionally
L. networking
M. released
N. confessed
O. researched
第(36)题__________。

简答题
4、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放,这对 海外企业(enterprises)意味着更多的商机。 改革开放以来, 中国企业与海外企业一直 积极开展经济技术合作,并取得了巨大成 就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长, 而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将 继续提供有利的政策和条件,推动中国企 业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

5、  中国经济的高速发展,带来了消费文化的日益流行,同时也催生了一批具有高学历,充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人,他们习惯于当月工资当月花。
  因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期,是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年轻人。


6、

中国结(the Chinese knot)初是由手工艺人发明的,经过数百年不断的改进,已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代,人们用它来记录事件,但现在主要用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情、婚姻和团聚。中国结常常作为礼物交换或用作饰品祈求好运和避邪。这种形式的手工艺(handicn疵)代代相传,现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。



7、        中华民族的传统文化博大精深,源远流长。早在2000多年前,就产生了以孔盂为代表的儒家学说(Confucianism)和以老子和庄子为代表的道家学说(Taoism),以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派(doctrines)。这就是有名的诸子百家(the masters’ hundred schools)。从孔夫子到孙中山。中华民族的传统文化有许多宝贵的思想和品质,许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如,强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公。

8、A)Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had tobecome a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for. "I was flying by the seat of my pants," saysBaldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her fathercouldn't handle her mother's care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchiwasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems. Baldocchi,48, ismarried and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems thatmake it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says. "But I didn't even know how to findhelp."
  B)
  With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you planintellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two monthsafter her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans providefamily caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.
  C)
  While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important step they can take. Thedirective includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority tomake financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney,except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlinesinstructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificialmeasures.) "It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent," says JenniferCona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive isthe first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family CaregiverAlliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have topetition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says AgingCare.com.
  D)
  It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But ifs not an easy conversation. Elderlyparents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner atFinancial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed anintermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisionscan become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attomey inGlen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-lawattorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said itwill offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Oenworth.
  E)
  Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay forlong-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was$77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaidto pay for the nursing home.
  F)
  Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. Butthe facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance withactivities. Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assistedliving isn't covered by Medicaid.
  G)
  If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move theminto an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent canstay there. For example, Baldoechi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.
  H) Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while anothersibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on asignificant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After hermother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well. Walker,55, has three brothers. But she isthe only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have, andI guess my mind was prepared for it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home asa tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. "When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptismby fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It'severything," she says.
  I) Carcgivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.Among female caregivers 50 and older,20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study onworking caregivers by MetLife. "It's a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She wasalways there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now."
根据以上内容,回答题。
When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility.

9、 
 
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

10、作文一:
For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.
You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

“Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother and I are fine.We both miss you and hope you are doing well.We look forward to seeing you again the nest time your computer crashes and you come down-stairs for something to eat,Love,Mom and Dad.”
作文二:
For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.
You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on learning and then explain why
doesn’t simply mean learning to obtain information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

“Once I learn how to use Google,isn’t that all the education I really need?”
作文三:
For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.
You should start your essay with a brief account of the increasin,use of the mobile phone in people’s life and explain the
Consequence of overusing it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

People are crossing the street looking at their cell phones and using walking sticks in order to see.

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