单项选择题
1、Questionsare based on the followingpassage.
　　Language is, and should be, a livingthing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthere isa vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language,enabling us to say things wecould not say before, and bad developments, whichsubtract from the language by rendering it less precise. Avivacious, colorfuluse of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind ofslovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin tothe cult ( 迷信． of theunfinished work, which haseroded most of the arts in our time. And the trueanswer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. Youcannot carve satisfactorily in butter.
　　The corruption of written English hasbeen accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken
　　English. We speak very much less well than wascommon among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.
　　The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation oflanguage. Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw(who was also very insistent on good pronunciation．,audiences are now subjectedto streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, toexhibit'laek ofcommunication', and larded (夹杂． with theobscenities (下流的话． and grammatical errors of theintellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "Thetheatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. "Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons inhow to speakbadly, so that she should fit in better.
　　But the BBC is the worst traitor. Aideryears of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspokenEnglish, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unitcoyly (含蓄地． put it, "In the1960s the BBC opened thefield to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockeytalking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbalsqualor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come. School teachers areactively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar,atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such thingsmight inhibit his creative genius.
　　The writer relateslinguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both_________
A．occasionally aim at acertain fluidity         
B．appear to shunperfection                  
C．from time to time showregard for the finishing touch
D．make use of economical shortcuts


2、根据下列材料，请回答题：
We all like to feel needed．But new research suggests having a sense of　Purpose is good for our health, too,In a study of 7,000 people, those with the strongest sense of direction in　life were over 70 percent less likely to suffer a stroke.The researchers 36 for other aggravating factors such as blood pressure and alcohol use and believe the 37 comes through regulating the immune system,
it has long been thought that 38 meaningful activity after retirement is important for physical and mental health-which often declines 39 soon after retirement.But while past research focused on the 40 effects of negative psychological traits, such as depression and anxiety, new research is investigating how positive traits, such as 41, protect against illness.In the recent study, men and women aged 50 and over were 42 for four to five years and completed psychological tests while researchers recorded strokes.The results show that the higher someone's sense of purpose, the lower their risk of a stroke．Those with the greatest sense of   purpose were 73 percent less likely to Suffer a stroke compared to those with the lowest.Other research has shown that positive mood can lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol (荷尔蒙 ), also  43  in stroke.“This is significant as we have an 44 population and it helps show what behaviours  prevent people from getting ill,” says Cary Cooper, professor of health psychology at Lancaster University.“Maybe 45 is not good for some．”
A．accounted
B．ageing
C．ambition
D．damaging
E．decreasing
F．dramatically
G．effect
H．gradually
I．implicated
J．optimism
K．outstanding
L．pursuing
M．retirement
N．searched
O．tracked
请回答（36）题__________.
A．accounted
B．ageing
C．ambition
D．damaging
E．decreasing
F．dramatically
G．effect
H．gradually
I．implicated
J．optimism
K．outstanding
L．pursuing
M．retirement
N．searched
O．tracked

3、 Questions are based on the following passage.
        The number of postgraduate students travelling from non-EU countries to study at UK universities has fallen for the first time in 16 years, fuelling fears that the government's immigration crackdown is discouraging thousands of the brightest students from continuing their studies in Brid.
        Jo Beall, British Council director of education and society, said the fall would cause alarm among UK vice-chancellors (大学行政主管). "The sector was expecting a decline in growth, but the actual reduction in postgraduate numbers is of real concern as international-students make up the m~ority of numbers in many postgraduate courses and research teams in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. ""Attracting the brightest and most ambitious postgraduate and research students is critical if the UK is to maintain its quality reputation for research," Beall said.
        Universities get a third of their tuition (学费) fee revenue from non-EU students. There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue-as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring--is being put at risk.
        Tim Westlake, director for the student experience at Manchester University, said students whose families relied on them working in the UK after their studies to gain experience and repay the fees were starting to look elsewhere.
        Last month the home secretary, Theresa May, announced that embassy staff would interview more than 100,000 applicants in an attempt to prevent bogus (假冒的) ones entering the country. She also said immigrants were responsible for pushing up UK house prices. The comments followed the introduction of new limitations on students' right to work during and after their studies.
        Beall said:" Government statistics for the first time provide real evidence that the changes to UK visa regulations may have discouraged many students from applying to the UK, and in particular postgraduate students Who are so important to the UKs research output. The UK enjoys an eXcellent reputation around the world for the high quality of our education system, so the government needs to ensure that institutions have all the support they need to attract international students who make a tremendous academic, cultural and economic contribution to the UK. "
What has caused the decline of the number of non-EU postgraduates in the UK?
A．The increase in tuition and fees.
B．The ever-rising living expenses.
C．Changed immigration policies.
D．Universities' tightened budgets


4、 Questions are based on the following passage.
　　Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate liveprogramming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming  one giant sound stage fortelevision news. As a result, Shakespeare's famous line, "all the worh is a stage," has taken on aninteresting new twist in meaning.
　　Even before today's worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news
　　technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
　　Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seerns to most readily involve
　　emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people;  During the Vietnam War, readingabout war was one thing, but war took on a deeper and more unsavor' ( 令人讨厌的)  dimension  when 　　it was exported directly into U. S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventuallyturned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As
　　a result of the public opinion backlash (消极反应) during these tines, the Pentagon was thereaftermuch more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see andreport.
　　It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of hisforeign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international pol tics. "Human rights is the soul ofour foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic s to be free of arbitrary violence,whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or fi'om self-appointedmessiahs (救世主) operating under the cover of politics or religion. "
　　Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of humanrights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression (侵犯) of human rightshas been the focus of many, if not most, major international television  news stories. The reporting ofthese stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many
　　cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.

The passage mainly discusses____________.
A．the evolution of international politics in the United States
B．the broadcast media gives its primary concern on human rights
C．the global television communication has a huge impact on pet,pie's emotions 
D．the broadcast media plays a growing role in international poli ics


填空题
5、Questions are based on the following passage．
　　Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera.Through  the video conferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphicand physical (36) ~ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with orwithout wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very (37) __and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS(Plain Old Telephone Service) or the (38) __ behind bandwidth, latency and is ochrony whichare used to explain how videoconferencing works. Good people communication is (39) __ in anybusiness, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your (40)        will bethe right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but alsonote (41) __ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking.Meetings are made more (42) __ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simpletelephone cannot (43) __. (44) __  , organizations are discovering the competitive advantagesand the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to(45) __ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardizedvideoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.
A．Fortunately
B．effective
C．images
D．ANTICULATE
E．facialF) manage
G．decsions
H．connect
I．adcanced
J．integrate
K．progressive
L．concepts M)pictures
N．Increasingly
O．important
第(36)题___________

6、回答题：
　　The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: Forstarters they're heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds.They're also expensive, especially when you factor in the average collegestudent's limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester.
　　But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantlyundergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only thelatest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable.For students, it means they're basically stuck with a four pound paper-weightthat they can't sell back.
　　Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, couldhelp ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they've been something likea mirage (幻影) in the distance,more like a hazy (模糊的) dream thanan actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.
　　But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition (过度) over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown havejumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California,Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks justlast year.
　　But not all were eager to jump aboard.
　　"People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it forreading," says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year atlrvine's medical program this fall. "They weren't using it as a source ofcommunication because they couldn't read or write in it. So a third of thepeople in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the otherthird were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil."
　　The reason it hasn't caught on yet, he tells me, is that thefunctionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some studentsjust aren't motivated to learn new study behavior.
　　But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The companyjust released an updated version last week, and it'll be utilized in over 50undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.
　　Digital textbooks are not going to catch on," says Inkling CEO MattMaclnnis as he's giving me a demo (演示) over coffee. "What I mean by that is the current perspectiveof the digital textbook is it's an exact copy of the print book. There's CourseSmart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen.If that's how we're defining digital textbooks, there's no hope of that becominga mainstream product."
　　He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimediacontent from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality.The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.
　　At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping (敲击) into the iPad app (软件), which youcan get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.
　　Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and henavigates through (浏览) a fewchapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spunaround to view its various building blocks. "Publishers give us all of thesource media, artwork, videos," he says, "We help them think throughhow to actually build something for this platform."
　　Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playabledemos. It's a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensorydirections. It's clear why this would be something a music major would love.
　　But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation (批注) system. Here's how it works!
　　When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner'shighlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone whoalready went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trusteach notation is obviously up to you).
　　But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes.Here's where things get interesting, though: If a particularly importantpassage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users, that infbrmation is stored onthe cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across.Thai means users have access to notes from not only their classmates andFacebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. Thebest comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning thatyour social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.
　　As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They'll be able to answer the questions ofstudents who are in their class directly via the interactive book.
　　Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings intraditional print as well. Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivatingpublishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill arealready onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections ofthe text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing aslittle as $2.99,
　　There are, however, challenges.
　　"It takes efforts to build each book," Maclnnis tells me. Andit's clear why,
　　Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from theground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower toput together each one.
　　For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of theseeducational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for otherstudents who don't have such a luxury it's an added layer of cost ---and anexpensive one at that.
　　But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has beenbroken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inklingactually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won't have adefinite answer for the next few years.
　　However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction.And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible(可触摸的), a little less of a dream.
The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that
A．they are not reused once a new edition comes out
B．they cost hundreds of dollars every semester
C．they are too heavy to carry around
D．they take a longer time to revise

简答题
7、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。 但后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而终投河自 尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子， 希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几 千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子 （glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是 在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

8、1．网上购物越来越受到人们的欢迎：
2．简述网络购物的好处和所面临的挑战；
3．请简述你是怎样看待网上购物的。

9、许多人喜欢中餐。在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。

10、