2015年英语四级考试每日一练(1月6日)
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单项选择题
1、根据以下资料，回答题：
Drink from plastic bottles can raise the body's levels of a controversial "gender-bending" chemical by more than two thirds, according to tests．
Experts have been concerned about the possible health effects of bisphenolA (BPA．--an everyday chemical used in many plastic food and drink containers and tins as well as clear baby bottles--which is officially classified as toxic in some countries．A study found that participants who drank for a week from polycarbonate (聚碳酸酯) bottles showed a 69 percent increase in their urine (尿液) of BPA．
Researchers did not say how much liquid was drunk per day．Researchers from Harvard School ofPublic Health studied 77 students, who had first undergone a seven-day "washout" phase in which theydrank all cold beverages (饮料) from stainless steel bottles in order to minimise BPA exposure．
They were then given two polycarbonate bottles and asked to drink all cold beverages from themduring the next week．Previous studies have suggested that high levels of BPA consumption are linked tobirth defects, growth problems and an increased risk of heart disease．In particular there are fears thatheating the bottles, as parents would do when warming their baby's milk, causes the chemical to leak inpotentially dangerous quantities into the liquid contained within．
"If you heat those bottles, as is the case with baby bottles, we would expect the levels to beconsiderably higher．This would be of concern since infants may be particularly susceptible to BPA'shormone gland-disrupting (扰乱腺体极速分泌) potential．" said the senior author of the latest study, Karin B．Michels．
Most adults carry BPA in their bodies but expert opinion on the risks is divided．The European Food Safety Authority believes that people naturally convert the chemical into less harmful substances in the body．
Previous studies had found that BPA could leach (渗出 ) from polycarbonate bottles into theircontents, but this study is the first to show the size of the corresponding increase in urinary BPAconcentrations in humans．
Harvard researcher Jenny Carwile said, "While previous studies have demonstrated that BPA is linkedto adverse health effects, this study fills in a missing piece of the puzzle--whether or not polycarbonateplastic bottles are an important contributor to the amount of BPA in the body．"
What do we know about bisphenol A (BPA．from the beginning of the passage?
A．It is certain substance taken in by human beings every day．
B．It is a component contained in a number of plastic products．
C．It is an element that plays a decisive role in people's gender．
D．It is a kind of chemical that is universally regarded poisonous．
2、回答题：
If you are trying to do your bit for sustainability and save water by taking shorter showers, then a new report on sustainability reveals for the first time that there are more effective ways that our everyday choices can have a positive impact on the environment.
For example, the glass of juice you have for breakfast might have used the same amount of water in its production as the amount you have just saved by cutting your shower from 10 to 5 minutes. The milk on your cereal might have used even more.
Balancing Act, a world first that has been developed for the Australia economy by scientists from CSIRO (澳大利亚联邦科学月工业研究组织) and the University of Sydney, looks across 135 industry sectors of the Australian economy and quantifies the impacts and contributions across ten social, environmental, and financial indicators.
Report co-author CSIRO scientist, Barney Foran, says that sustainability for Australia is a balancing act as we try to make decisions and trade-offs in the face of often-competing economic, social and environmental attributes.
"We still need to eat and shower—and it is still worth taking shorter showers to save our stressed urban water supplies—but now consumers have a new tool to help us make more informed choices about different types of products based on a new sustainability rating," says Foran.
Different to other studies because of its detailed observation of the full production chain, this report is able to show the full effects--both direct and indirect of the production of an individual conunodity or serwce, cappuccinos( 卡布奇诺咖啡 )or haircuts. It highlights sustainability challenges for different industries and points out areas in the production chain where a focused effort would make a significant difference.
All effects are referenced back to a consumption dollar roughly the dollar spent by a consumer in everyday life. It also shows that each consumption dollar is quite different-some dollars are positive and create employment, or suck in imports or generate government revenue. Other consumption dollars are less positive through their high use of water or production of greenhouse gas emissions.
This relatively simple presentation of highly complex issues makes this a powerful tool for people who are interested in sustainability to move beyond decisions based on dollars and cents and enables them to make decisions based on a contribution to society, environment, and economy.
The new report on sustainability ________.
A．suggests that saving water by raking shorter showers is ineffective
B．provides more effective daily ways that can protect environment
C．indicates that drinking juice wastes more water than taking long shower
D．reveals that milk uses more water in its production than juice does
3、听音频：
回答题：
A．She has already seen the film.
B．The film is very good.
C．She is interested in seeing the film.
D．Most of her classmates think the film is good.
4、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Until recently,I had liale idea what palm oil(棕榈油)is and why some people consider it one of the most controversial ingredients found in nearly half of our supermarket products．But when I found out why people were upset，1 was moved to take action．
The Southeast Asian country of Indonesia is the world’s biggest exporter of palm oil，which has been both a blessing and a curse．It's a massive industry,providing income for thousands of workers，but palm oilis also the largest driver of the mass destruction of Indonesia’s rain forests．The consequences of this destruction are significant：the loss of biodiversity,conflicts with communities who depend on the forest for their own livelihoods，and increasing emissions of green house gases that cause climate change．
Forests are home to countless species．There are as few as 400 Sumatran tigers left in Indonesia,and their time on earth is running out．Greenpeace has released research showing that the expansion of oil palm and pulpwood plantations was responsible for nearly two-thirds of the destruction of Sumatran tiger habitat from 2009 to 20 11．Sumatran tigers，forced to flee from the destruction of their homes,also find themselves in direct contact with humans．Many are killed or maimed as local residents try to protect themselves from the scared animals．The decline of Sumatlan tigers is a measure of the loss of rain forest，biodiversity and also climate stability．If the tigers disappear,then we are facing all environmental tragedy．
If you eat chocolate，wash your hair or your clothes，there’s a good chance you are being made a part of this cycle of destruction．And not by choice．Palm oil can and must make a genuine contribution to Indonesia and its people．And part of the solution rests with global brands that make the products we consume daily．Palm oil that results from forest destruction is traded around the world．But together we can say enough is enough．It’s time big brands guarantee you and me that forest destruction is not a part of their products．
We are all a part of the future，and together we can ensure these magnificent animals are．too．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Why is the great export of palm oil both a blessing and a curse?
A．Because every coin has two sides，without the exception of export of palm oil．
B．Because it is both a stimulation of economy increase and climate warming．
C．Because it both makes contribution to climate improvement and economy decline．
D．Because it is both the driver of large income and huge destruction of forests．
5、Questions are based on thefollowingpassage．
You had me at“Hello”!It turns out our opening words make people take less than a second to form an impression of someone’s personality based on their voice alone．
We know that our voices Call transmit subtle signals about our gender，age，even body strength and certain personality traits，but Phil Mcaleer at the University of Glasgow and his colleagues wondered whether we make an instant impression．To find out，mey recorded 64 people as they read a passage．They then extracted the word“hello”and asked 320 people to rate the voices on a scale of 1 to 9 for one of 10 perceived personality traits—including trustworthiness，dominance and attractiveness．
Although it’s not clear how accurate such snap judgments are，what is apparent is that we all make them，and very quickly．“We were surprised by just how similar people’s ratings were．”says Mcaleer．Using a scale in which orepresents no agreement on a perceived trait and l reflects complete agreement，all10 traits scored on average 0．92—meaning most people agreed very closely to what extent each voice represented each trait．
It makes sense that decisions about personality should happen really fast，says Mcaleer．“There’s this evolutionary‘approach／avoidance’idea—vou want to quickly know if you call trust a person so you can approach them or run away and that would be redundant if it took too long to figure it out．”
The impression that our voices convey—even from an audio clip lasting just 390 milliseconds—appears to be down to several factors，for example，the pitch of a person’s voice influenced how trustworthy they seemed．“A guy who raises his pitch becomes more trustworthy,”says Mcaleer．“While girls are on the opposite．”
The methods used in this paper are familiar,but the conclusions are novel and interesting．The way the study links personality to attractiveness and reproductive fitness makes sense biologically．The team hope that their work can be used to help create artificial voices for people who have lost their own due to a medical condition and create likable and engaging voices for satnavs，and other robotics．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What’s the meaning of“You had me at‘Hello”’?
A．When I say“hello”，you will get my greeting．
B．When I say“hello”,you will give me a response．
C．When I say“hello”,you will form an impression of my voice．
D．When I say“hello”，you will reA．ize my personA．ity in a second．
简答题
6、题目一
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．
Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?
题目二
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should write at least．120．words but no more than．180．words．Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?
题目三
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should write at least．120．words but no more than．180．words．Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?
7、我国是茶叶的原产地，茶叶产量堪称世界之。饮茶在我国，不仅是一种生活习惯，更是一种源远流长的文化传统。中国人习惯以茶待客，并形成了相应的饮茶礼仪。按照我国传统文化的习俗，无论在任何场合，敬茶与饮茶的礼仪(the et i quette to offer tea and dr i nk tea)都是不可忽视的一环。以茶待客时。一般应当事先将茶沏好，装入茶杯，然后放在茶盘之内端入客厅。如果客人较多，务必要多备上几杯茶，以防供不应求。
8、新疆民族工艺品和地方土特产历史悠久，品种繁多，具有独特的民族风格，深受中外游客的喜爱。新疆和田玉(Hotan jade)石中华民族的瑰宝，曾几次提名要作为中国的“国石”。早在新石器时代(NeoI ithic Age)，昆仑山下的祖先们就发现了和田玉，并作为瑰宝和友谊媒介向东西方运送和交流，形成了我国古老的和田玉运输通道“玉石之路”，即后来的“丝绸之路”的前身。
9、舞狮子(Lion dance)，是我国的民间艺术。每逢元宵佳节或集会庆典，民间都以狮舞前来助兴。这一习俗起源于三国时期，南北朝时开始流行，至今已有一千多年的历史。狮子为百兽之尊，形象雄伟俊武，给人以威严、勇猛之感。古人将它当作勇敢和力量的象征。认为它能驱邪镇妖、保佑人畜平安。所以人们逐渐形成了在元宵节时及其他重大活动里舞狮子的习俗，以祈望生活吉祥如意，事事平安。
10、在中国历史文明中，庆祝春节的习俗很多，至今在民间保存广的习俗之一则是贴春联(Spr i ng Fest j va | coup | ets)。春联以工整、对偶、简洁、精巧的文字描绘时代背景，抒发美好愿望，是我国特有的文学形式。每逢春节，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一幅大红春联贴于门上，为节日增加喜庆气氛。这一习俗起于宋代，在明代开始盛行，到了清代，春联的思想性和艺术性都有了很大的提高。
1、根据以下资料，回答题：
Drink from plastic bottles can raise the body's levels of a controversial "gender-bending" chemical by more than two thirds, according to tests．
Experts have been concerned about the possible health effects of bisphenolA (BPA．--an everyday chemical used in many plastic food and drink containers and tins as well as clear baby bottles--which is officially classified as toxic in some countries．A study found that participants who drank for a week from polycarbonate (聚碳酸酯) bottles showed a 69 percent increase in their urine (尿液) of BPA．
Researchers did not say how much liquid was drunk per day．Researchers from Harvard School ofPublic Health studied 77 students, who had first undergone a seven-day "washout" phase in which theydrank all cold beverages (饮料) from stainless steel bottles in order to minimise BPA exposure．
They were then given two polycarbonate bottles and asked to drink all cold beverages from themduring the next week．Previous studies have suggested that high levels of BPA consumption are linked tobirth defects, growth problems and an increased risk of heart disease．In particular there are fears thatheating the bottles, as parents would do when warming their baby's milk, causes the chemical to leak inpotentially dangerous quantities into the liquid contained within．
"If you heat those bottles, as is the case with baby bottles, we would expect the levels to beconsiderably higher．This would be of concern since infants may be particularly susceptible to BPA'shormone gland-disrupting (扰乱腺体极速分泌) potential．" said the senior author of the latest study, Karin B．Michels．
Most adults carry BPA in their bodies but expert opinion on the risks is divided．The European Food Safety Authority believes that people naturally convert the chemical into less harmful substances in the body．
Previous studies had found that BPA could leach (渗出 ) from polycarbonate bottles into theircontents, but this study is the first to show the size of the corresponding increase in urinary BPAconcentrations in humans．
Harvard researcher Jenny Carwile said, "While previous studies have demonstrated that BPA is linkedto adverse health effects, this study fills in a missing piece of the puzzle--whether or not polycarbonateplastic bottles are an important contributor to the amount of BPA in the body．"
What do we know about bisphenol A (BPA．from the beginning of the passage?
A．It is certain substance taken in by human beings every day．
B．It is a component contained in a number of plastic products．
C．It is an element that plays a decisive role in people's gender．
D．It is a kind of chemical that is universally regarded poisonous．
2、回答题：
If you are trying to do your bit for sustainability and save water by taking shorter showers, then a new report on sustainability reveals for the first time that there are more effective ways that our everyday choices can have a positive impact on the environment.
For example, the glass of juice you have for breakfast might have used the same amount of water in its production as the amount you have just saved by cutting your shower from 10 to 5 minutes. The milk on your cereal might have used even more.
Balancing Act, a world first that has been developed for the Australia economy by scientists from CSIRO (澳大利亚联邦科学月工业研究组织) and the University of Sydney, looks across 135 industry sectors of the Australian economy and quantifies the impacts and contributions across ten social, environmental, and financial indicators.
Report co-author CSIRO scientist, Barney Foran, says that sustainability for Australia is a balancing act as we try to make decisions and trade-offs in the face of often-competing economic, social and environmental attributes.
"We still need to eat and shower—and it is still worth taking shorter showers to save our stressed urban water supplies—but now consumers have a new tool to help us make more informed choices about different types of products based on a new sustainability rating," says Foran.
Different to other studies because of its detailed observation of the full production chain, this report is able to show the full effects--both direct and indirect of the production of an individual conunodity or serwce, cappuccinos( 卡布奇诺咖啡 )or haircuts. It highlights sustainability challenges for different industries and points out areas in the production chain where a focused effort would make a significant difference.
All effects are referenced back to a consumption dollar roughly the dollar spent by a consumer in everyday life. It also shows that each consumption dollar is quite different-some dollars are positive and create employment, or suck in imports or generate government revenue. Other consumption dollars are less positive through their high use of water or production of greenhouse gas emissions.
This relatively simple presentation of highly complex issues makes this a powerful tool for people who are interested in sustainability to move beyond decisions based on dollars and cents and enables them to make decisions based on a contribution to society, environment, and economy.
The new report on sustainability ________.
A．suggests that saving water by raking shorter showers is ineffective
B．provides more effective daily ways that can protect environment
C．indicates that drinking juice wastes more water than taking long shower
D．reveals that milk uses more water in its production than juice does
3、听音频：
点击播放
回答题：
A．She has already seen the film.
B．The film is very good.
C．She is interested in seeing the film.
D．Most of her classmates think the film is good.
4、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Until recently,I had liale idea what palm oil(棕榈油)is and why some people consider it one of the most controversial ingredients found in nearly half of our supermarket products．But when I found out why people were upset，1 was moved to take action．
The Southeast Asian country of Indonesia is the world’s biggest exporter of palm oil，which has been both a blessing and a curse．It's a massive industry,providing income for thousands of workers，but palm oilis also the largest driver of the mass destruction of Indonesia’s rain forests．The consequences of this destruction are significant：the loss of biodiversity,conflicts with communities who depend on the forest for their own livelihoods，and increasing emissions of green house gases that cause climate change．
Forests are home to countless species．There are as few as 400 Sumatran tigers left in Indonesia,and their time on earth is running out．Greenpeace has released research showing that the expansion of oil palm and pulpwood plantations was responsible for nearly two-thirds of the destruction of Sumatran tiger habitat from 2009 to 20 11．Sumatran tigers，forced to flee from the destruction of their homes,also find themselves in direct contact with humans．Many are killed or maimed as local residents try to protect themselves from the scared animals．The decline of Sumatlan tigers is a measure of the loss of rain forest，biodiversity and also climate stability．If the tigers disappear,then we are facing all environmental tragedy．
If you eat chocolate，wash your hair or your clothes，there’s a good chance you are being made a part of this cycle of destruction．And not by choice．Palm oil can and must make a genuine contribution to Indonesia and its people．And part of the solution rests with global brands that make the products we consume daily．Palm oil that results from forest destruction is traded around the world．But together we can say enough is enough．It’s time big brands guarantee you and me that forest destruction is not a part of their products．
We are all a part of the future，and together we can ensure these magnificent animals are．too．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Why is the great export of palm oil both a blessing and a curse?
A．Because every coin has two sides，without the exception of export of palm oil．
B．Because it is both a stimulation of economy increase and climate warming．
C．Because it both makes contribution to climate improvement and economy decline．
D．Because it is both the driver of large income and huge destruction of forests．
5、Questions are based on thefollowingpassage．
You had me at“Hello”!It turns out our opening words make people take less than a second to form an impression of someone’s personality based on their voice alone．
We know that our voices Call transmit subtle signals about our gender，age，even body strength and certain personality traits，but Phil Mcaleer at the University of Glasgow and his colleagues wondered whether we make an instant impression．To find out，mey recorded 64 people as they read a passage．They then extracted the word“hello”and asked 320 people to rate the voices on a scale of 1 to 9 for one of 10 perceived personality traits—including trustworthiness，dominance and attractiveness．
Although it’s not clear how accurate such snap judgments are，what is apparent is that we all make them，and very quickly．“We were surprised by just how similar people’s ratings were．”says Mcaleer．Using a scale in which orepresents no agreement on a perceived trait and l reflects complete agreement，all10 traits scored on average 0．92—meaning most people agreed very closely to what extent each voice represented each trait．
It makes sense that decisions about personality should happen really fast，says Mcaleer．“There’s this evolutionary‘approach／avoidance’idea—vou want to quickly know if you call trust a person so you can approach them or run away and that would be redundant if it took too long to figure it out．”
The impression that our voices convey—even from an audio clip lasting just 390 milliseconds—appears to be down to several factors，for example，the pitch of a person’s voice influenced how trustworthy they seemed．“A guy who raises his pitch becomes more trustworthy,”says Mcaleer．“While girls are on the opposite．”
The methods used in this paper are familiar,but the conclusions are novel and interesting．The way the study links personality to attractiveness and reproductive fitness makes sense biologically．The team hope that their work can be used to help create artificial voices for people who have lost their own due to a medical condition and create likable and engaging voices for satnavs，and other robotics．
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
What’s the meaning of“You had me at‘Hello”’?
A．When I say“hello”，you will get my greeting．
B．When I say“hello”,you will give me a response．
C．When I say“hello”,you will form an impression of my voice．
D．When I say“hello”，you will reA．ize my personA．ity in a second．
简答题
6、题目一
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．
Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your hometown，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?
题目二
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should write at least．120．words but no more than．180．words．Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?
题目三
Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on thefollowing question．You should write at least．120．words but no more than．180．words．Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit your campus，what is the most interesting place you would like to take him／her to see and why?
7、我国是茶叶的原产地，茶叶产量堪称世界之。饮茶在我国，不仅是一种生活习惯，更是一种源远流长的文化传统。中国人习惯以茶待客，并形成了相应的饮茶礼仪。按照我国传统文化的习俗，无论在任何场合，敬茶与饮茶的礼仪(the et i quette to offer tea and dr i nk tea)都是不可忽视的一环。以茶待客时。一般应当事先将茶沏好，装入茶杯，然后放在茶盘之内端入客厅。如果客人较多，务必要多备上几杯茶，以防供不应求。
8、新疆民族工艺品和地方土特产历史悠久，品种繁多，具有独特的民族风格，深受中外游客的喜爱。新疆和田玉(Hotan jade)石中华民族的瑰宝，曾几次提名要作为中国的“国石”。早在新石器时代(NeoI ithic Age)，昆仑山下的祖先们就发现了和田玉，并作为瑰宝和友谊媒介向东西方运送和交流，形成了我国古老的和田玉运输通道“玉石之路”，即后来的“丝绸之路”的前身。
9、舞狮子(Lion dance)，是我国的民间艺术。每逢元宵佳节或集会庆典，民间都以狮舞前来助兴。这一习俗起源于三国时期，南北朝时开始流行，至今已有一千多年的历史。狮子为百兽之尊，形象雄伟俊武，给人以威严、勇猛之感。古人将它当作勇敢和力量的象征。认为它能驱邪镇妖、保佑人畜平安。所以人们逐渐形成了在元宵节时及其他重大活动里舞狮子的习俗，以祈望生活吉祥如意，事事平安。
10、在中国历史文明中，庆祝春节的习俗很多，至今在民间保存广的习俗之一则是贴春联(Spr i ng Fest j va | coup | ets)。春联以工整、对偶、简洁、精巧的文字描绘时代背景，抒发美好愿望，是我国特有的文学形式。每逢春节，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一幅大红春联贴于门上，为节日增加喜庆气氛。这一习俗起于宋代，在明代开始盛行，到了清代，春联的思想性和艺术性都有了很大的提高。
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