2015年英语四级考试每日一练(9月7日)
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单项选择题
1、阅读下文，回答题
Master’s of Your Own Field.
A）In the face of a fearsome job market and high graduate unemployment levels，postgraduate education is booming. More than 270，000 students returned to university to add a dash of postgraduate flash to their CVs in the previous year：demand for master’s degrees surged 27％.while the number of PhD candidates rose 9％.And the latest research suggests that those currently sweating over postgraduate thesis proposals can sit back and look content. Postgraduate Education in the United Kingdom, A paper published by the British Library and the Higher Education Pokey Institute（Hepi），found that，three and a half years after graduation，94％of postgraduates found work in the professions，compared to78％of undergraduates.
B）There were more reasons to smile from the Higher Education Careers Services Unit，whose research into graduate market trends confirmed that master's graduates experienced lower rates of unemployment during the recession than their first-degree peers. But that extra employability comes at a cost. The average price tag attached to a one-year master’s course for a domestic student has risen to$4，000. The average cost of an MBA, meanwhile，has hit $12，000.Add that expense to the growing concern that universities’ ability to provide advanced learning could be hit by staffing cuts and funding squeezes，and the outlook for postgraduate education looks less rosy.
C）Those worries come out in the Hepi report，which also shows that the pay premium（奖金）for postgraduates is decreasing．ne report’s authors admit that postgraduate study may “no longer carry the weight it used to，as increasing numbers of postgraduate qualifiers compete for jobs in UK workplaces”．They also admit that as the financial returns from higher study decrease while fees rise，“it may become increasingly difficult for those from less economically secure backgrounds to consider this course”．That’s one of the issues being tackled in an official review of postgraduate education currently being undertaken by the Department for Business，Innovation and Skills．
D）For now，however，rising fees and lower salary premiums mean wannabe-postgraduates need to be discerning（有辨别力的）when choosing a course．One crucial thing to look at，according to Carl Gilleard，chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters，is how the course will help you meet your future employment aims．“If postgraduate qualifications are undertaken for the right reason, and the graduate is able to explain their value to prospective employers，they can certainly be very worthwhile additions to CVs．”he says “7Ihe desirability of a postgraduate degree varies between sectors--in science and engineering a postgraduate qualification is often a requirement．and in investment banking an MBA is seen by many as invaluable when supported by Structured work experience．But if the real reason is to delay the job search or as a last resort after failing to secure a job，then it is not going to be a worthwhile exercise．”
E）Gilleard also advises postgraduate students to carry out work experience while studying．“It’s important to find ways to build on employability skills--the majority of recruiters think that the ability to demonstrate the competencies required for a role is just as important as having an additional academic qualification．”
F）That was an important consideration for Jamie Esterkin，23，from Manchester, who graduated with a law degree from Nottingham University in 2008．He knew that one day he wanted to work as a lawyer．but decided to do a master's in another subject to broaden his knowledge first．“l was interested in property and business，and wanted to sample life in London，so I chose to do a master’s in real estate development at the University of Westminster．”Esterkin explains．“I thought it would be especially useful if I choose to specialise in real estate law one day．”
G）He began searching websites and university introductions，looking for a course that covered a range of property topics．had a strong reputation and offered good value for money．“I found that business and property postgraduate courses at many London universities cost upwards of￡20，000 for a single year，but they mainly covered similar areas．”The price tag was one of the things that drew Esterkin to the Westminster course：he could fund the￡5，000 fee through savings，help from his parents and a part-time job．
H）“Looking back，I think it represented good value for money--the teaching was excellent and the course was interesting and varied，”he says．“The postgraduate learning style was more practical，with hands—on experience that helped me gain a better understanding of the workings of the commercial world．”Esterkin has now returned for a final year of legal study，having secured a training contract with a City firm next year．“Given the level of competition in law, I definitely think that my postgraduate degree．helped to distinguish me from the crowd,” he says. His tip for future postgraduates is to work harder from the start．“Postgraduate courses are taught and examined in a very different way from undergraduate degrees，and as they only last nine months，it’s tough to judge the level you need to succeed．”
I）The drive to find a good job was also a key motivation for Lauren Dolan，22，from Bath， who graduated with a degree in management systems from Manchester Metropolitan University in June 2008．She chose to engage in master’s study with one eye on the competitive graduate job market and another on the gloomy economic climate．“l wanted to have something over and above an undergraduate degree to make me stand out from other candidates，”she says．Although she had had weekend and holiday jobs since she was 15，a lack of professional work experience led her to choose a master's in advanced management practice at Bath University’s business school，which included a six-month work placement in industry．
J）“The course gave me a very sold foundation，both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical．work experience。”Dolan explains．She spent her placement working at yoghurt-maker Danone，where she says：“l was given responsibility from the start and the very varied tasks enabled me to develop my skills．”The fact that she successfully appHed for a permanent job at the firm after graduation：．meails that Dolan feels the￡12，000 tuition fees were a worthy investment．She adds：“Although itinitially sounds expensive，I started work the day after my course ended，so it was definitelyworthwhile．”
Carl Gilleard suggests that one should choose a course based on future employment aims．
2、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Junk food is everywhere．We're eating way too much ．of it．Most of us know what we're doing and．yet we do it anyway．So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?
"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume ．that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and ．therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers．"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance like food--of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems．"
The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods．Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already ．sell alcohol．These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink．
Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it．SO why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores?
Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities．At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen．One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines．The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products．
What does the author say about junk food?
A．People should be educated not to eat too much．
B．It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation．
C．Its temptation is too strong for people to resist．
D．It causes more harm than is generally realized．．
3、听录音,回答题
A． Since he found a girlfriend．
B． Since he took to heavy smoldng．
C． Since he began to exercise regularly．
D． Since he started to live on his own．
4、Questions are based on the following passage.
When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt, the conversation is almost always about student loan debt．But there's a growing body of evidence suggesting that today's young adults are als0 drowning in credit-card debt--and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.
More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month．Since they .haven't built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.
Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren't knocking back $20 drinks in trendy (时尚的)lounges．They're struggling with much more daily financial demands.
To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday．This obviously isn't sustainable in the long run, and it's going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they'll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条)they bought a decade earlier.
A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they're slower at paying it off． "If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future," warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State． "If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can't pay off their credit cards."
Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt."Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks."
What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.
B．Credit cards play .an increasingly important role in college life.
C．Credit cards are doing more haxm than student loans.
D．The American credit card system is under criticism.
填空题
5、 __________
简答题
6、饺子（Jiaozi．）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或速拯酱（hot sauce．的以酱油（soy sauce．为基础的沾酱。
7、大熊猫(giant pandA．是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前。世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。
8、 筷子,(chopstick)起源于中国古代，一直是中国饮食文化重要的一部分。我们的祖先喜欢吃蒸煮食物，但用勺子很难舀到汤里的蔬菜，所以发明了筷子。从此，筷子成为他们生活中为方便的餐具，标志着饮食文明的到来。如今，筷子除了具有餐具功能外，增添了很多新功能。熟练手艺人在筷子上描绘美丽的风景，使之变成精美的艺术品。许多人热衷于收集筷子作为藏品。
9、启动更多的国际交流项目，把中国大学生送去国外参加文化和教育交流是大势所趋。这是中国国际化的一部分。随着全球经济一体化的发展，大学生需要意识到具备全球化视角的重要性：越来越多的国际交流项目使得国内大学生有机会去体验异国文化，尽管许多学生不得不离开_-各自的“舒适区”，但这种经历十分令人难忘。与此同时，中国也从日益频繁的思想、知识和文化交流中获益匪浅。
10、 大熊猫(giant panda)是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已经被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊的意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有l 000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。
1、阅读下文，回答题
Master’s of Your Own Field.
A）In the face of a fearsome job market and high graduate unemployment levels，postgraduate education is booming. More than 270，000 students returned to university to add a dash of postgraduate flash to their CVs in the previous year：demand for master’s degrees surged 27％.while the number of PhD candidates rose 9％.And the latest research suggests that those currently sweating over postgraduate thesis proposals can sit back and look content. Postgraduate Education in the United Kingdom, A paper published by the British Library and the Higher Education Pokey Institute（Hepi），found that，three and a half years after graduation，94％of postgraduates found work in the professions，compared to78％of undergraduates.
B）There were more reasons to smile from the Higher Education Careers Services Unit，whose research into graduate market trends confirmed that master's graduates experienced lower rates of unemployment during the recession than their first-degree peers. But that extra employability comes at a cost. The average price tag attached to a one-year master’s course for a domestic student has risen to$4，000. The average cost of an MBA, meanwhile，has hit $12，000.Add that expense to the growing concern that universities’ ability to provide advanced learning could be hit by staffing cuts and funding squeezes，and the outlook for postgraduate education looks less rosy.
C）Those worries come out in the Hepi report，which also shows that the pay premium（奖金）for postgraduates is decreasing．ne report’s authors admit that postgraduate study may “no longer carry the weight it used to，as increasing numbers of postgraduate qualifiers compete for jobs in UK workplaces”．They also admit that as the financial returns from higher study decrease while fees rise，“it may become increasingly difficult for those from less economically secure backgrounds to consider this course”．That’s one of the issues being tackled in an official review of postgraduate education currently being undertaken by the Department for Business，Innovation and Skills．
D）For now，however，rising fees and lower salary premiums mean wannabe-postgraduates need to be discerning（有辨别力的）when choosing a course．One crucial thing to look at，according to Carl Gilleard，chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters，is how the course will help you meet your future employment aims．“If postgraduate qualifications are undertaken for the right reason, and the graduate is able to explain their value to prospective employers，they can certainly be very worthwhile additions to CVs．”he says “7Ihe desirability of a postgraduate degree varies between sectors--in science and engineering a postgraduate qualification is often a requirement．and in investment banking an MBA is seen by many as invaluable when supported by Structured work experience．But if the real reason is to delay the job search or as a last resort after failing to secure a job，then it is not going to be a worthwhile exercise．”
E）Gilleard also advises postgraduate students to carry out work experience while studying．“It’s important to find ways to build on employability skills--the majority of recruiters think that the ability to demonstrate the competencies required for a role is just as important as having an additional academic qualification．”
F）That was an important consideration for Jamie Esterkin，23，from Manchester, who graduated with a law degree from Nottingham University in 2008．He knew that one day he wanted to work as a lawyer．but decided to do a master's in another subject to broaden his knowledge first．“l was interested in property and business，and wanted to sample life in London，so I chose to do a master’s in real estate development at the University of Westminster．”Esterkin explains．“I thought it would be especially useful if I choose to specialise in real estate law one day．”
G）He began searching websites and university introductions，looking for a course that covered a range of property topics．had a strong reputation and offered good value for money．“I found that business and property postgraduate courses at many London universities cost upwards of￡20，000 for a single year，but they mainly covered similar areas．”The price tag was one of the things that drew Esterkin to the Westminster course：he could fund the￡5，000 fee through savings，help from his parents and a part-time job．
H）“Looking back，I think it represented good value for money--the teaching was excellent and the course was interesting and varied，”he says．“The postgraduate learning style was more practical，with hands—on experience that helped me gain a better understanding of the workings of the commercial world．”Esterkin has now returned for a final year of legal study，having secured a training contract with a City firm next year．“Given the level of competition in law, I definitely think that my postgraduate degree．helped to distinguish me from the crowd,” he says. His tip for future postgraduates is to work harder from the start．“Postgraduate courses are taught and examined in a very different way from undergraduate degrees，and as they only last nine months，it’s tough to judge the level you need to succeed．”
I）The drive to find a good job was also a key motivation for Lauren Dolan，22，from Bath， who graduated with a degree in management systems from Manchester Metropolitan University in June 2008．She chose to engage in master’s study with one eye on the competitive graduate job market and another on the gloomy economic climate．“l wanted to have something over and above an undergraduate degree to make me stand out from other candidates，”she says．Although she had had weekend and holiday jobs since she was 15，a lack of professional work experience led her to choose a master's in advanced management practice at Bath University’s business school，which included a six-month work placement in industry．
J）“The course gave me a very sold foundation，both in terms of theoretical knowledge and practical．work experience。”Dolan explains．She spent her placement working at yoghurt-maker Danone，where she says：“l was given responsibility from the start and the very varied tasks enabled me to develop my skills．”The fact that she successfully appHed for a permanent job at the firm after graduation：．meails that Dolan feels the￡12，000 tuition fees were a worthy investment．She adds：“Although itinitially sounds expensive，I started work the day after my course ended，so it was definitelyworthwhile．”
Carl Gilleard suggests that one should choose a course based on future employment aims．
2、Questionsare based on the following passage．
Junk food is everywhere．We're eating way too much ．of it．Most of us know what we're doing and．yet we do it anyway．So here's a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it's displayed?
"Many policy measures to control obesity (肥胖症) assume ．that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and ．therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods," note the two researchers．"In contrast," the researchers continue, "many regulations that don't assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance like food--of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems．"
The research references studies of people's behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods．Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren't handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted (分配) based on the number of places in an area that already ．sell alcohol．These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink．
Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it．SO why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren't primarily food stores?
Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can't buy alcohol at drive-through facilities．At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they're easily seen．One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines．The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products．
What does the author say about junk food?
A．People should be educated not to eat too much．
B．It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation．
C．Its temptation is too strong for people to resist．
D．It causes more harm than is generally realized．．
3、听录音,回答题
A． Since he found a girlfriend．
B． Since he took to heavy smoldng．
C． Since he began to exercise regularly．
D． Since he started to live on his own．
4、Questions are based on the following passage.
When we talk about Americans barely into adulthood who are saddled with unbearable levels of debt, the conversation is almost always about student loan debt．But there's a growing body of evidence suggesting that today's young adults are als0 drowning in credit-card debt--and that many of them will take this debt to their graves.
More than 20% overspent their income by more than $100 every single month．Since they .haven't built up their credit histories yet, it's a safe bet that these young adults are paying relatively high interest rates on the resulting credit card debt.
Although many young people blame "socializing" as a barrier to saving money, most of them aren't knocking back $20 drinks in trendy (时尚的)lounges．They're struggling with much more daily financial demands.
To a disturbingly large extent, the young and the broke are relying on credit cards to make it until their next payday．This obviously isn't sustainable in the long run, and it's going to put a huge drag on their spending power even after they reach their peak earning years, because they'll still be paying interest on that bottle of orange juice or box of spaghetti (意式面条)they bought a decade earlier.
A new study out of Ohio State University found that young adults are accumulating credit card debt at a more rapid rate than other age groups, and that they're slower at paying it off． "If what we found continues to hold true, we may have more elderly people with substantial financial problems in the future," warns Lucia Dunn, professor of economics at Ohio State． "If our findings persist, we may be faced with a financial crisis among elderly people who can't pay off their credit cards."
Dunn says a lot of these young people are never going to get out from under their credit card debt."Many people are borrowing on credit cards so heavily that payoff rates at these levels are not sufficient to recover their credit card debt by the end of their life, which could have loss implications for the credit card issuing banks."
What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．Many young Americans will never be able to pay off their debts.
B．Credit cards play .an increasingly important role in college life.
C．Credit cards are doing more haxm than student loans.
D．The American credit card system is under criticism.
填空题
5、 __________
简答题
6、饺子（Jiaozi．）是人们在中国新年及北方常年吃的主要食物之一。饺子的发音听起来与早的纸币的名字相似。所以吃饺子被认为会带来幸运。很多家庭在除夕夜吃饺子。有些厨师会藏一枚干净的硬币，让幸运的人找到它。常见的饺子肉馅包括猪肉、牛肉、鸡肉以及鱼肉，这些肉馅通常会与切碎的蔬菜混合在一起。吃饺子时拌有包含醋、大蒜或速拯酱（hot sauce．的以酱油（soy sauce．为基础的沾酱。
7、大熊猫(giant pandA．是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前。世界上大约有1000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。
8、 筷子,(chopstick)起源于中国古代，一直是中国饮食文化重要的一部分。我们的祖先喜欢吃蒸煮食物，但用勺子很难舀到汤里的蔬菜，所以发明了筷子。从此，筷子成为他们生活中为方便的餐具，标志着饮食文明的到来。如今，筷子除了具有餐具功能外，增添了很多新功能。熟练手艺人在筷子上描绘美丽的风景，使之变成精美的艺术品。许多人热衷于收集筷子作为藏品。
9、启动更多的国际交流项目，把中国大学生送去国外参加文化和教育交流是大势所趋。这是中国国际化的一部分。随着全球经济一体化的发展，大学生需要意识到具备全球化视角的重要性：越来越多的国际交流项目使得国内大学生有机会去体验异国文化，尽管许多学生不得不离开_-各自的“舒适区”，但这种经历十分令人难忘。与此同时，中国也从日益频繁的思想、知识和文化交流中获益匪浅。
10、 大熊猫(giant panda)是一种温顺的动物，长着独特的黑白皮毛。因其数量极少，大熊猫已经被列为濒危物种。大熊猫对于世界自然基金会(WWF)有着特殊的意义。自1961年该基金会成立以来，大熊猫就一直是它的徽标。大熊猫是熊科中稀有的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。目前，世界上大约有l 000只大熊猫。这些以竹为食的动物正面临许多威胁。因此，确保大熊猫的生存比以往更重要。
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