单项选择题
1、Questions are based on the following passage．
One principle of taxation, called the benefits principle, states that people should pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from government services．This principle tries to make public goods similar to   36   goods．It seems reasonable that a person who often goes to the movies pays more in   37   for movie tickets than a person who rarely goes．And   38   , a person who gets great benefit from a public good should pay more for it than a person who gets little benefit．
The gasoline tax, for instance, is sometimes    39    using the benefits principle． In some states,   40   from the gasoline tax are used to build and maintain roads．Because those who buy gasoline are the same people who use the roads, the gasoline tax might be viewed as a   41   way to pay for this government service．
The benefits principle can also be used to argue that wealthy citizens should pay higher taxes than poorer ones,   42   because the wealthy benefit more from public services．Consider, for example, the benefits of police protection from   43   ．Citizens with much to protect get greater benefit from police than  those  with  less  to  protect． Therefore, according   to  the  benefits  principle,  the  wealthy should    44   more than the poor to the cost of   45   the police force．The same argument can be used for many other public services, such as fire protection, national defense, and the court system．
A．adapt
B．contribute
C．exerting
D．expenses
E．fair
F．justified
G．maintaining
H．private
I．provided
J．revenues
K．similarly
L．simply
M．theft
N．total
O．wealth
第(36)题应填__________


2、听录音,回答题

A．Cats and humans are similar creatures.
B．Cat naps can get rid of tiredness.
C．Cat naps can make people's moods better.
D．Cat napping is a way to build up body's energy.


3、Questions are based on the following passage.
Fire, scientists agree, helped give rise to a successful, thriving human population by providing heatfor cooking and protection from the cold.
But they don't agree36 __ when humans began using fire. Some researchers argue that it 37 __ more than a million years ago when early humans made their way to Europe from Africa, and others say it happened much later. Now, a new study argues that humans did not 38 __ fire until about 400,000 years ago.
Two archaeologists in the US report their39  __ in the current issue of the proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The pair looked at excavation (发掘 ) reports and studies from 141 sites in Europe that were between 1.2 million and 35,000 years old. They think there is no clear evidence of 40 __ fire use until about 400,000 years ago. In Africa, while there are several sites where there was evidence of fire, those may have been41 __ fires that occurred in the African grassland.
 Yet there are sites older than 400,000 years in Europe that indicate the42 __ of humans, with the oldest, in Spain, more than a million years old. This means that despite Europe's extreme winter climates, early humans found a way to 43 __ without the warmth of a fire. As the researchers mention, early humans are adaptable and persistent. But some researchers maintain that it is still a puzzling explanation and it still44 __ some serious thinking about how early the human being could have survived on a seasonally variable food45 __ despite having small teeth and small guts. Up to now, none has solved this problem yet.
A． acquire
B． authentic
C． demands
D． exactly
E． eventually
F． findings
G． habitual
H． investigations
I． master
J． natural
K． occurred
L． presence
M． skillful
N． supply
O． survive
第(36)题应填__________


4、根据材料，回答问题。
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

A．By train and by car.
B．By plane and by coach.
C．By train and by bus.
D．By bus and by plane.


5、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Worried about what people are saying about you? Concerns about gossip could influence behavior, including generosity, researchers said.
"As it turns out, the act of gossip can indeed be quite powerful," said Jared Piazza of Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Piazza and Jesse M. Beringa studied the36of 72 college students who were asked to distribute tokens (代金券) with a monetary value between themselves and someone else.
Half of the group were37told their decision would be discussed with a third party.
"Participants who were told that the receiver would be communicating their economic decision with the third party were 38 more generous in their allocations of the tokens than participants who were not 39 to believe that their decisions would be discussed," Piazza and Beringa said in the study published in the journal Human Behavior.
They added that the most40strategy from an economic standpoint would have been for a student to 41all 10 tokens to him or herself, but the threat of gossip seemed to have 42 their decision.
Although gender did not play a major role in the study, men were slightly more43than women.
"Allocations of males were, on average, slightly greater than allocations of females, although there were almost twice as many female participants," the researchers44.
A previous study showed that gossip is more powerful than truth, suggesting people believe what they hear through the grapevine even if they have evidence to the45.
A.added
B.beneficial
C．swayed
D．fabricated
E .reactions
F. made
G. still
H. significantly
I.allocate
J.thought
K．contrary
L. also
M .generous
N. led
O. economical
36.__________


6、听音频：
根据以下资料，回答题：

A．Because he iS preparing for a glohal tour．
B．Because he is preparing for a geography class．
C．Because he wants to find the location of China．
D．Because he wants to draw a picture of all the countries．


填空题
7、根据材料，回答问题。
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Baroness Thatcher is at the centre of a new row at Oxford University after plans to name a building after Britain's first female Prime Minister were (26) __________.
Some (27) __________are hoping to snub one of the university's most illustrious alumnae again--more than25 years after protests there (28)__________her being denied an honorary degree. Thatcher became the fast Oxford educated Prime Minister since the Second World War to be refused an (29)__________degree from the University in 1985 following student (30) __________ amidst cuts to education.
And now, a new revolt could halt plans to name a new facility after her. Oxford (31)__________and Syrian born billionaire Wafic Said is said to have donated ~15 million towards a new (32)__________at Oxford's Said Business School, due to open in the autumn, and has indicated that he wants to name it after the women he describes as "lioness".
But the news is not being welcomed by everyone.
Speaking to the Daily Telegraph, Bernard Sufrin, a fellow at Worcester College, said signatories would be "(33) __________"to force a vote against the "inconceivable" plans.
He said "I hope that those responsible for naming the building will take advice from those--now retired-- leading members of the University who oversaw the (34)__________failure of an honorary degree for Mrs.
Thatcher being proposed only to be rejected by (35)__________the Congregation."
26.__________

简答题
8、 Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture andthen express your views on the importance of learning basic skills. Youshould write at least 120 words but no rnore than 180 words.



9、Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
逆境(adversity)就是人在生活中遇到的困难和遭受的挫折(setback)。人生在世，每个人都会遇到逆境，它在人们的成长和成熟的过程中起着重要作用。人们看待它的态度决定了它对人们的影响。用积极的态度看待逆境，我们的性格会变得成熟。因此逆境其实是一种挑战和考验，它能使人的潜力发挥到。它能帮人驱走惰性，在与困难进行的搏斗中完善自己，这就是逆境的意义所在!

10、You should write a letter ofthanks based on the outline given below in Chinese．
在你生病住院期间，同班同学过来看望你，为此你给他们写信来表达你的感激之情，并告知现状。
写作导航
1．对同学的探望表示感谢；
2．阐述同学的探望对自己带来的帮助；
3．表明目前自己的现状；
4．再次表示感谢并落款。