å»ºæ ‡æ ‡å‡½[2008]79å�·
�有关��:
  为ä¿�è¯�å·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†è‹±æ–‡ç‰ˆç¿»è¯‘è´¨é‡�ï¼Œæ ¹æ�®ã€Šå·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†ç¿»è¯‘出版工作管ç�†åŠžæ³•ã€‹çš„æœ‰å…³è§„å®šï¼Œæˆ‘å�¸ç»„ç»‡åˆ¶å®šäº†ã€Šå·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†è‹±æ–‡ç‰ˆç¿»è¯‘ç»†åˆ™ï¼ˆè¯•è¡Œï¼‰ã€‹ï¼ŒçŽ°å�°å�‘ä½ ä»¬ï¼Œè¯·é�µç…§æ‰§è¡Œã€‚
ä¸å�Žäººæ°‘共和国ä½�æˆ¿å’ŒåŸŽä¹¡å»ºè®¾éƒ¨æ ‡å‡†å®šé¢�å�¸
二〇〇八年七月四日
ã€€ã€€é™„ä»¶ï¼šå·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†è‹±æ–‡ç‰ˆç¿»è¯‘ç»†åˆ™ï¼ˆè¯•è¡Œï¼‰
å·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†è‹±æ–‡ç‰ˆç¿»è¯‘ç»†åˆ™ï¼ˆè¯•è¡Œï¼‰
ã€€ã€€ä¸ºè§„èŒƒå·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†è‹±æ–‡ç‰ˆçš„ç¿»è¯‘å·¥ä½œï¼Œæ ¹æ�®ã€Šå·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†ç¿»è¯‘出版工作管ç�†åŠžæ³•ã€‹ï¼Œåˆ¶å®šæœ¬ç»†åˆ™ã€‚
  1 翻译质��技术�求
  1.1 基本�求
  1ï¼‰å·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†çš„ç¿»è¯‘å¿…é¡»å¿ äºŽåŽŸæ–‡ï¼Œå¹¶é�µå®ˆå®Œæ•´ã€�准确ã€�规范ã€�统一的原则。
  2ï¼‰æ ‡å‡†çš„è¯‘æ–‡åº”å½“å®Œæ•´ã€‚æ ‡å‡†çš„å‰�引部分ã€�æ£æ–‡éƒ¨åˆ†ã€�补充部分都应全文翻译;脚注ã€�附录ã€�图ã€�表ã€�å…¬å¼�以å�Šç›¸åº”的文å—都应翻译并完整地å��æ˜ åœ¨è¯‘æ–‡ä¸ï¼Œä¸�得误译ã€�缺译ã€�æ¼�译ã€�跳译。
  3)强制性æ�¡æ–‡çš„ç¿»è¯‘å¿…é¡»å‡†ç¡®æ— è¯¯ï¼Œè¯‘æ–‡ç”¨é»‘ä½“å—æ³¨æ˜Žã€‚
  4)译文的内容ã€�术è¯åº”å½“å‡†ç¡®ï¼Œè¯æ³•应当æ�°å½“,行文æµ�畅。
  5ï¼‰æ ‡å‡†ä¸çš„典型è¯å�¥ã€�术è¯ã€�计é‡�å�•ä½�ã€�专业è¯�汇应当å‰�å�Žç»Ÿä¸€ã€‚
  6ï¼‰æ ‡å‡†ç¿»è¯‘ç¨¿çš„å¹…é�¢ã€�版é�¢ã€�æ ¼å¼�ã€�å—体ç‰åº”当规范并符å�ˆã€Šå·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†è‹±æ–‡ç‰ˆå‡ºç‰ˆå�°åˆ·è§„定》,图表ã€�å…¬å¼�的编å�·åº”与原文相一致。
  1.2 具体�求
  1)数å—表达应符å�ˆè‹±æ–‡è¡¨è¾¾ä¹ 惯。
  2ï¼‰æ ‡å‡†ä¸çš„符å�·ã€�代å�·ã€�计é‡�å�•ä½�ã€�å…¬å¼�应直接引用原文,时间ã€�è´§å¸�ã€�æ ‡ç‚¹ç¬¦å�·å�¯æŒ‰è‹±æ–‡æƒ¯ä¾‹ç¿»è¯‘或表达。
  3)日期按译文è¯è¨€ï¼Œåº”采用公历,按月ã€�æ—¥ã€�年顺åº�排列(例如,December 1,2006)。
  4)术è¯çš„è‹±æ–‡ç¿»è¯‘ï¼Œåº”ä»¥ä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆä¸çš„英文术è¯ä¸ºå‡†ã€‚å¦‚æžœä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆä¸è‹±æ–‡æœ¯è¯è¡¨è¾¾ä¸�准确或出现错误,应由翻译人员与编制组共å�Œå•†è®®å�Žå�šå‡ºå¿…è¦�ä¿®æ£ï¼Œå¹¶åœ¨è¯‘æ–‡ä¸æ³¨æ˜Žã€‚
  5ï¼‰æ ‡å‡†å��ç§°åº”ä»¥ä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆçš„英文译å��ä¸ºå‡†ã€‚å¦‚æžœä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆæ ‡å‡†å��称的英文译文ä¸�准确,翻译人员å�¯å�‘翻译出版办公室æ��出书é�¢ä¿®æ”¹å»ºè®®ã€‚
  6ï¼‰äººå‘˜çš„ä¸æ–‡å§“å��译æˆ�è‹±æ–‡æ—¶ï¼Œé‡‡ç”¨æ ‡å‡†æ±‰è¯æ‹¼éŸ³ã€‚外ç±�人员的姓å��应按其原姓å��或相应的英文姓å��表达。地å��ã€�团体å��ã€�机构å��,使用惯用译å��ã€‚æ— æƒ¯ç”¨è¯‘å��的,å�¯è‡ªè¡Œç¿»è¯‘,必è¦�时附注原文。
  7)法律ã€�法规ã€�规范性文件ç‰å��称应采用官方或既定译法,其他文件ã€�著作ã€�文献å��称采用既定译法。
  8)缩写è¯�首次出现时,应附注全称译文。ç»�å‰�文注释过或æ„�义明确的缩写è¯�,å�¯ä»¥åœ¨è¯‘æ–‡ä¸ç›´æŽ¥ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚
  9ï¼‰è¯‘æ–‡çš„ç« èŠ‚æ�¡æ¬¾é¡¹çš„ç¼–å�·ï¼Œåº”ä¸Žä¸æ–‡ç‰ˆä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  10)对我国独有的直译较难的è¯�,å�¯ä»¥æ„�译,也å�¯é‡‡ç”¨æ±‰è¯æ‹¼éŸ³ï¼Œå¿…è¦�æ—¶å�¯åŠ é™„æ³¨ã€‚é™„æ³¨å�¯é‡‡ç”¨ä¸¤ç§�方法,一是在次译出处附注,二是在译文的适当地方统一附注。
  11)译文的å�¥å¼�结构或修辞方å¼�应符å�ˆè‹±è¯çš„è¡¨è¾¾ä¹ æƒ¯ã€‚
  2 典型用è¯çš„翻译
  2.1 å°�é�¢ç”¨è¯
  1)ä¸å�Žäººæ°‘å…±å’Œå›½å›½å®¶æ ‡å‡†
  National Standard of the People‘s Republic of China
  2)ä¸å�Žäººæ°‘å…±å’Œå›½è¡Œä¸šæ ‡å‡†
  Professional standard of the People‘s Republic of China
  3ï¼‰Ã—Ã—Ã—å·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾åœ°æ–¹æ ‡å‡†
  ××× Provincial Standard for Engineering Construction
  4)×××�布
  Issued by ×××
  例如:Issued by Ministry of Construction of the People‘s Republic of China
  5)ä¸å�Žäººæ°‘共和国建设部ã€�国家质é‡�监ç�£æ£€éªŒæ£€ç–«æ€»å±€è�”å�ˆå�‘布
  Jointly issued by Ministry of Construction and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People‘s Republic of China
  6)ä¸å�Žäººæ°‘共和国ä½�房和城乡建设部ã€�国家质é‡�监ç�£æ£€éªŒæ£€ç–«æ€»å±€è�”å�ˆå�‘布
  Jointly issued by Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People‘s Republic of China
  7)××××年××月××日�布(例如,2006 年5月23日�布)
  Issued on M D,Y (Issued on May 23,2006)
  8)××××年××月××日实施(例如,2006 年5月23日实施)
  Implemented on M D,Y (Implemented on May 23,2006)
  9)××××版
  ×××× edition
  2.2 扉页用è¯
  1)主编部门
  Chief Development Department
  2)主编��
  Chief Development Organization
  3)批准部门
  Approval Department
  4)施行日期
  Implementation date
  2.3 å�‘布通知或公告用è¯
  1)ä¸å�Žäººæ°‘共和国建设部公告
  Announcement of Ministry of Construction of the People‘s Republic of China
  2)ä¸å�Žäººæ°‘共和国ä½�房和城乡建设部公告
  Announcement of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People‘s Republic of China
  3)关于å�‘å¸ƒå›½å®¶æ ‡å‡†Ã—Ã—Ã—çš„é€šçŸ¥
  Notice on publishing the national standard of ×××
  4)关于å�‘å¸ƒå›½å®¶æ ‡å‡†Ã—Ã—Ã—å±€éƒ¨ä¿®è®¢çš„å…¬å‘Š
  Announcement of publishing the partial revision of national standard ×××
  5ï¼‰çŽ°æ‰¹å‡†Ã—Ã—Ã—ä¸ºå›½å®¶æ ‡å‡†ï¼Œæ ‡å‡†ç¼–å�·ä¸ºÃ—××
  ×××has been approved as a national standard with a serial number of ×××
  6)×××为强制性æ�¡æ–‡ï¼Œå¿…é¡»ä¸¥æ ¼æ‰§è¡Œ
  ××× are compulsory provisions and must be enforced strictly
  7)原×××å�Œæ—¶åºŸæ¢
  ××× shall be abolished simultaneously
  8ï¼‰æœ¬æ ‡å‡†ï¼ˆè§„èŒƒï¼‰å…±åˆ†Ã—Ã—ç« ï¼Œå…¶ä¸»è¦�内容为
  The standard(code) comprises ×× chapters with the main contents as follows
  9ï¼‰æœ¬æ ‡å‡†ï¼ˆè§„èŒƒï¼‰ç”±å»ºè®¾éƒ¨è´Ÿè´£ç®¡ç�†å’Œå¯¹å¼ºåˆ¶æ€§æ�¡æ–‡çš„解释
  Ministry of Construction is in charge of the administration of this standard (code) and the explanation of the compulsory provisions
  10)由×××负责具体技术内容的解释
  ××× is responsible for the explanation of specific technical contents
  11) 本规范由×××组织×××出版�行
  Authorized by ×××, this code is published and distributed by ×××
  12ï¼‰ç»§ç»æœ‰æ•ˆ
  be valid as usual
  13)�审
  Review
  14)备案
  Put on records
  15)备案�Record Number
  16ï¼‰é™„åŠ è¯´æ˜Ž
  Additional explanation
  2.4 å‰�言用è¯
  1)�言
  Foreword
  2ï¼‰æ ¹æ�®å»ºè®¾éƒ¨å»ºæ ‡[×××] ×××å�·ã€Šå…³äºŽå�°å�‘â€œÃ—Ã—Ã—å¹´å·¥ç¨‹å»ºè®¾æ ‡å‡†åˆ¶è®¢ã€�修订计划â€�的通知》的è¦�求
  According to the requirements of Document Jian Biao [×××]NO. ××× issued by Ministry of Construction (MOC) - “Notice on Printing the Development and Revision Plan of National Engineering Construction Standards in ×××�
  3ï¼‰æœ¬è§„èŒƒä»¥é»‘ä½“å—æ ‡å¿—çš„æ�¡æ–‡ä¸ºå¼ºåˆ¶æ€§æ�¡æ–‡ï¼Œå¿…é¡»ä¸¥æ ¼æ‰§è¡Œ
  The provision(s) printed in bold type is (are) compulsory one (ones) and must be enforced strictly
  4)请å�„å�•ä½�åœ¨æ‰§è¡Œæœ¬æ ‡å‡†è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸ï¼Œæ³¨æ„�总结ç»�验,积累资料,éš�时将有关æ„�è§�和建议寄交×××
  All relevant organizations are kindly requested to sum up and accumulate your experiences in actual practices during the process of implementing this code. The relevant opinions and advice, whenever necessary, can be posted or passed on to ×××
  5)�编��
  Participating Development Organizations
  6)å�‚åŠ å�•ä½�
  Participating Organizations
  7)主�起�人
  Chief Drafting Staff
  8)日常管�
  Routine management
  9)具体解释
  Specific explanation
  2.5 目次用è¯
  1)目次(目录)
  Contents
  2)总则
  General provisions 3)术è¯å’Œç¬¦å�·
  Terms and symbols 4)附录
  Appendix
  5)本规范用�说明
  Explanation of Wording in this code
  2.6 总则用è¯
  1)为了×××,制定本规范This code is formulated with a view to ×××
  2)安全适用Safety and usability
  3)�济��
  Economy and rationality
  4ï¼‰æœ¬æ ‡å‡†ï¼ˆè§„èŒƒï¼‰é€‚ç”¨äºŽâ€¦â€¦
  This standard (code) is applicable to ……
  5ï¼‰æœ¬æ ‡å‡†ï¼ˆè§„èŒƒï¼‰ä¸�适用于……
  This standard (code) is not applicable to ……
  6)新建�扩建�改建
  Construction, extension and renovation
  7)除应符å�ˆæœ¬æ ‡å‡†ï¼ˆè§„范)è¦�求外,尚应符å�ˆå›½å®¶çŽ°è¡Œæœ‰å…³æ ‡å‡†ï¼ˆè§„èŒƒï¼‰çš„è§„å®š
  Not only the requirements stipulated in this standard (code), but also those in the current relevant ones of the nation shall be complied with
  2.7 æ£æ–‡ç”¨è¯
  1)必须
  Must 2)严�
  Must not
  3)应
  Shall
  4)�应
  Shall not
  5)宜
  Should
  6)�宜
  Should not 7)�
  May
  8)��
  May not
  9)符�下列规定(�求)
  Be in accordance with the following requirements
  10)应符�×××的规定(�求)
  Shall meet the requirements of ×××
  11)应按×××执行
  Shall comply with ×××
  12)�守下列规定(�求)
  Be in compliance with the following requirements
  13)符�表×××的规定(�求)
  Be in accordance with those specified in Table ×××
  14)按照表×××的规定(�求)确定Be determined according to those set out in Table ×××
  15)按下�计算
  Be calculated according to the following equation
  16)按下列公�计算
  Be calculated according to the following formulae
  17)符�下列情况之一的,应……
  If one of the following requirements is met, …… shall ……
  18)å¼�ä¸Where
  19)注Note
  20)图
  Figure or Fig.
  21)大于
  Be larger than
  22)�于
  Be less than
  23) ç‰äºŽ
  Be equal 24)超过
  Exceed
  25ï¼‰å›½å®¶çŽ°è¡Œæœ‰å…³æ ‡å‡†Current relevant standard of the nation
  26ï¼‰çŽ°è¡Œå›½å®¶æ ‡å‡†
  Current national standard
  27)一般规定(�求)
  General requirement
  28)基本规定(�求)
  Basic requirement
  29)特殊规定(�求)
  Particular requirement
  2.8 本规范用è¯�用è¯è¯´æ˜Žï¼ˆè¯‘者按下列翻译)
  原文内容:1 为了便于在执行本规范æ�¡æ–‡æ—¶åŒºåˆ«å¯¹å¾…,对è¦�æ±‚ä¸¥æ ¼ç¨‹åº¦ä¸�å�Œçš„用è¯�说明如下:
  1) è¡¨ç¤ºå¾ˆä¸¥æ ¼ï¼Œé�žè¿™æ ·å�šä¸�å�¯çš„用è¯�:
  æ£é�¢è¯�采用“必须â€�,å��é�¢è¯�采用“严ç¦�â€�。
  2) è¡¨ç¤ºä¸¥æ ¼ï¼Œåœ¨æ£å¸¸æƒ…况å�‡åº”è¿™æ ·å�šçš„用è¯�:
  æ£é�¢è¯�采用“应â€�,å��é�¢è¯�采用“ä¸�应â€�或“ä¸�å¾—â€�。
  3) 表示å…�许ç¨�有选择,在æ�¡ä»¶è®¸å�¯æ—¶é¦–å…ˆè¿™æ ·å�šçš„用è¯�:
  æ£é�¢è¯�采用“宜â€�,å��é�¢è¯�采用“ä¸�宜â€�ï¼›
  4) 表示有选择,在一定æ�¡ä»¶ä¸‹å�¯ä»¥è¿™æ ·å�šçš„,采用“å�¯â€�。
  2 è§„èŒƒä¸æŒ‡å®šåº”æŒ‰å…¶ä»–æœ‰å…³æ ‡å‡†ã€�规范执行时,写法为:“应符å�ˆâ€¦â€¦çš„规定â€�或“应按……执行â€�。
  英文翻译:
  1. Words used for different degrees of strictness are explained as follows in order to mark the differences in ex ecuting the requirements in this code.
  1) Words denoting a very strict or mandatory requirement:“Must� is used for affirmation; “must not� for negation.
  2) Words denoting a strict requirement under normal conditions:“Shall� is used for affirmation; “shall not� for negation. 3) Words denoting a permission of a slight choice or an indication of the most suitable choice when conditions permit:
  “Should� is used for affirmation; “should not� for negation.
  4) “May� is used to express the option available, sometimes with the conditional permit.
  2.“Shall comply with…�or “Shall meet the requirements of…�is used in this code to indicate that it is necessary to comply with the requirements stipulated in other relative standards and codes.
  3. æ ‡å‡†åŒ–å¸¸ç”¨è¯�的翻译
  3.1 æ ‡å‡†åŒ–å�Šæ ‡å‡†æ–‡ä»¶
  1ï¼‰æ ‡å‡†åŒ–ã€€standardization
  2ï¼‰å›½é™…æ ‡å‡†ã€€international standard
  3ï¼‰å›½å®¶æ ‡å‡†ã€€national standard
  4ï¼‰è¡Œä¸šæ ‡å‡†ã€€professional standard
  5ï¼‰åœ°æ–¹æ ‡å‡†ã€€provincial standard
  6)ä¼�ä¸šæ ‡å‡†ã€€company standard
  7)规范 code
  8)技术规范 technical code
  9)通则general rule
  10)规程 specification
  11)规则 rule
  12ï¼‰å¼ºåˆ¶æ€§æ ‡å‡†ã€€mandatory standard
  13)推è��æ€§æ ‡å‡†ã€€voluntary standard
  14)法规 regulation
  15)技术法规 technical regulation
  16)强制性�文 compulsory provisions
  3.2 æ ‡å‡†æ–‡ä»¶çš„ç»“æž„
  1)目次 content
  2)�言 foreword
  3)范围 scope
  4ï¼‰å¼•ç”¨æ ‡å‡†ã€€normative standard 5)术è¯ã€€terms
  6)符� symbol
  7)测试 testing
  8)试验 test
  9)试验方法 test method
  10)试验报告 test report
  11)分类 classification
  12)附录 appendix
  3.3 æ ‡å‡†æ–‡ä»¶çš„å±‚æ¬¡åˆ’åˆ†
  1ï¼‰ç« ã€€chapter
  2)节 section
  3)� article
  4)款 item


