历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2007-2008)
  Passage Two
  I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
  At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
  Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
  Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war� stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
  62. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
  A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
  B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
  C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
  D) She finds space research more important.(B)
  63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.
  A) the very fact that she is a woman
  B) her involvement in gender politics
  C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
  D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society(A)
  64. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
  A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
  B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.
  C) People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.
  D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.(C)
  65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
  A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.
  B) Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.
  C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.
  D) More female students are pursuing science than before.(D)
  66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
  A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
  B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
  C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
  D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.(C)
  这是一篇与性别æ§è§†æœ‰å…³çš„æ–‡ç« ,讲的是女性应该如何é�¢å¯¹æ€§åˆ«æ§è§†çš„问题。作者以人称的形å¼�,以亲身的ç»�历æ�¥è¯´æ˜Žå¥³æ€§åœ¨é�¢å¯¹æ€§åˆ«æ§è§†æ—¶åº”该采å�–ä¸�屑一顾的æ€�度。
  全文一共四个大段,开篇为I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again,以“againâ€�一è¯�é€ æˆ�æ‚¬ç–‘ï¼Œå¼•èµ·è¯»è€…å¯¹åŽŸå› çš„æŽ¢ç©¶ï¼Œè€Œå�Žæ•´ä¸ªæ®µå�™è¿°äº†ç›¸å¯¹äºŽè¿™ä¸€again的上一次作者é�¢å¯¹æ€§åˆ«é—®é¢˜æ—¶çš„æ€�åº¦ï¼›å¹¶è§£é‡Šäº†åŽŸå› æ˜¯å…´è¶£ä¸�在于æ¤ï¼ˆI never found them interesting)。
  第二段开始åˆ�æ¥ä¸ºâ€œagainâ€�释疑,å�™è¿°äº†ä½œè€…从åˆ�对性别问题的超然æ€�度(it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom)转å�˜ä¸ºç§¯æž�æ��å�«å¥³æ€§åˆ©ç›Šæ€�度(I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind)的过程。
  第三段进一æ¥ä¸ºâ€œagainâ€�释疑,å�™è¿°ä½œè€…é‡�å�ˆæ‚Ÿå‡ºåº”回归超然æ€�度的心ç�†ç»�历。从Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory这一问一ç”å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œè™½ç„¶å¤šå¹´è¿‡åŽ»ï¼Œä½†ä½œè€…ç”¨ä»¥å¯¹ä»˜æ€§åˆ«é—®é¢˜è¿™ä¸€å¿ƒç�†é‡�担的利器ä¾�然是兴趣(don’t study sociology or political theory)。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µå�™è¿°äº†ä½œè€…é‡�å½’è¶…ç„¶æ€�度å�Žå¦‚何教导å¦ç”Ÿæ£ç¡®åœ°é�¢å¯¹æ€§åˆ«é—®é¢˜ã€‚在有些å¦ç”Ÿå› 性别问题(如何在科å¦ç ”究和生儿育女间的愿望之间å�šå‡ºé€‰æ‹©ï¼‰è€Œå¿§è™‘时,作者以身言教(heavily pregnant doing physics experiments),告诉å¦ç”Ÿä»¬åº”该忘记性别问题。作者的表率起了作用,åƒ�她们的è€�å¸ˆä¸€æ ·ï¼Œå¦ç”Ÿä»¬æŠŠç²¾åŠ›å®Œå…¨æ”¾åœ¨äº†å…´è¶£ä¸Šé�¢ï¼ˆ45 women driven by a love of science)。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« çš„å†…å®¹è™½ç„¶æ¶‰å�Šäº†ç¤¾ä¼šé—®é¢˜ï¼Œä½†åˆ‡å…¥è§’度是主观人称,è¯è¨€ä¿®è¾žä¸Šæ›´ä¸ºæŽ¥è¿‘散文(essayï¼‰çš„é£Žæ ¼ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ç›¸å¯¹äºŽè®®è®ºæ–‡ã€�说明文较容易ç�†è§£ã€‚
  62. B
  题目问作者为什么ä¸�想å†�一次谈论作为一个女科å¦å®¶çš„æ„Ÿå�—。四个选项的æ„�æ€�是:
  A,工作在一个男性主导的领域里让她感到�快�。
  B,她对性别æ§è§†é—®é¢˜æ„Ÿåˆ°åŽŒå€¦äº†ã€‚
  C,她ä¸�善于讲述æ¤ç±»æ•…事。
  D,她å�‘çŽ°å¤ªç©ºç ”ç©¶æ›´ä¸ºé‡�è¦�。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« æ®µå°±è®²è¿°äº†ä½œè€…ä¸�æ„¿å†�评论自己作为女科å¦å®¶çš„事实。这一段的æ„�æ€�æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„ï¼š
  我ä¸�想å†�一次谈论我作为女性科å¦å®¶çš„事情。在我的人生ä¸ï¼Œæœ‰é‚£ä¹ˆä¸€æ®µæ—¶é—´ï¼Œäººä»¬æ€»æ˜¯é—®æˆ‘,在一个被男性主导的领域ä¸å·¥ä½œéƒ½ä¼šå�‘生什么故事。我从æ�¥éƒ½ä¸�善于 ç»™ä»–ä»¬è®²è¿°é‚£äº›æ•…äº‹ï¼Œå› ä¸ºï¼Œè¯´çœŸçš„ï¼Œæˆ‘è§‰å¾—é‚£äº›æ•…äº‹ä¸€ç‚¹æ„�æ€�也没有。让我觉得有æ„�æ€�的是宇宙的起æº�,时空的形状,和黑洞的本质。
  结å�ˆå…¨æ–‡æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œç¬¬äºŒæ®µå�™è¿°ä½œè€…曾ç»�é™·å…¥å¥³æ€§ä¸»ä¹‰çš„ç‚½çƒæƒ…绪当ä¸ï¼Œè€Œå�Žä½œè€…用了10年时间回归了对性别问题的超然æ€�度(It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19),这也是题目ä¸ä½¿ç”¨againçš„åŽŸå› ã€‚æ—¢ç„¶ä½¿ç”¨äº†again,就已ç»�表明作者以å‰�曾ç»�为这ç§�问题烦扰过。
  Cå’ŒD都是段直接出现的内容,C照应I was never very good at telling those stories,而D照应What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe。但二者都应该ä¸�是作者想è¦�表达的真实æ„�æ€�ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä¸�善于讲故事这类说法显然是作者的托辞,而å�‘çŽ°å¤ªç©ºç ”ç©¶é‡�è¦�肯定是早已å�‘现,而ä¸�是现在 æ‰�å�‘现的,也是作者的托辞而已。
  第二段å�Žä¸€å�¥ï¼šI don’t study sociology or political theory,“我ä¸�æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶ç¤¾ä¼šå¦æˆ–者政治ç�†è®ºçš„â€�ï¼Œä½“çŽ°å‡ºä½œè€…æŠŠæ€§åˆ«é—®é¢˜å½’äºŽå¦æœ¯æˆ–政治问题,但å�Œæ—¶ä¹Ÿè¡¨è¾¾äº†ä¸€ç§�å��讽的æ€�度,暗å�«ä½œè€…çš„ä¸�æ»¡ä¸Žæ— å¥ˆï¼Œæ½œ å�°è¯�是:“这ç§�é—®é¢˜ä½ åŽ»é—®ä»–ä»¬ï¼Œåˆ«æ�¥çƒ¦æˆ‘。â€�
  结å�ˆä»¥ä¸Šå› ç´ ï¼Œåˆ¤æ–æœ¬é¢˜åº”该选择B。
  63. A
  题目问从第二段å�¯ä»¥æŽ¨æ–出人们把作者的失败归于什么。
  A,她是一个女人的事实。
  B,她�与了性别政治。
  C,她作为女天体物ç�†å¦å®¶çš„过于自信。
  D,在男性主导的社会ä¸å¥¹èº«è´Ÿé‡�担。
  第二段讲的是作者对性别问题的æ€�度由ä¸�在乎转å�˜ä¸ºçƒæƒ…关注的过程。19å²�时完全超脱(it did not bother me in the least),麻çœ�ç�†å·¥æ±‚å¦å�Šä¹‹å�Žç ”究时开始å�—到干扰(the issue started to bother me),这ç§�干扰就是作者所有的æˆ�就:工作ã€�ç ”ç©¶è®ºæ–‡ã€�获奖,都å�—到性别å��è§�这副有色眼镜的过滤(viewed through the lens of gender politics),而å�Žä½œè€…写了一å�¥So were my failures,so在这里是代指,指代viewed through the lens of gender politics,å�³my failures were also viewed through the lens of gender politics,æ„�æ€�就是人们是从性别政治的角度看待她的失败,也就是认为她的失败是由性别å��è§�å¼•èµ·çš„ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„è¯�,符å�ˆè¿™ä¸ªæ„�æ€�çš„å�ªæœ‰A。
  B所说的她å�‚与了性别政治是个迷惑选项。å�‚与性别政治是指为女性利益奔走呼å�·ï¼Œç¬¬äºŒæ®µæœ«å°¾ä¹Ÿç¡®å®žæ��åˆ°äº†ä½œè€…çš„å¥³æ€§ä¸»ä¹‰çƒæƒ…,但这是性别æ§è§†å�‘生之å�Žæ‰�å�¯ä»¥è¿›è¡Œ 的,å�¦åˆ™ï¼Œå¦‚果没有å�‘生æ§è§†ï¼Œå¥‹åŠ›æ��å�«å¥³æ€§çš„利益的缘由就ä¸�å˜åœ¨äº†ã€‚è€Œä½œè€…çš„å¤±è´¥ï¼Œå¦‚æžœæ˜¯å› æ€§åˆ«é—®é¢˜è€Œèµ·çš„è¯�,则是早于失败之å‰�就已ç»�å�‘ç”Ÿä½œç”¨äº†ã€‚å› æ¤ä»Žé€»è¾‘上讲,作者自己的失败应该是先于å�‚与æ��å�«å¥³æ€§åˆ©ç›Šå�‘生的,å�Žè€…ä¸�å�¯èƒ½æˆ�为å‰�者å�‘ç”Ÿçš„åŽŸå› ã€‚
  64. C
  题目问作者在攻读哲å¦å�šå£«å’Œè¿›è¡Œå�šå£«å�Žç ”ç©¶æ—¶è¦�å�Œä»€ä¹ˆè¿›è¡Œä¸�æ–地斗争。
  四个选项ä¸ï¼ŒA说是缺少在太空科å¦é¢†åŸŸæˆ�åŠŸçš„ä¿¡å¿ƒã€‚æ–‡ç« æ��到了作者失去信心的问题,It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19,但这个信心是作者在é�¢å¯¹ä¸–人对女性å��è§�时有信心ä¸�予ç�†ç�¬ï¼Œè€Œä¸�æ˜¯ç§‘ç ”é¢†åŸŸçš„ä¿¡å¿ƒã€‚
  B说是æ�¥è‡ªå¥¹çš„圈内圈外的ä¸�公平指责。世人戴ç�€æ€§åˆ«çš„æœ‰è‰²çœ¼é•œçœ‹å¥¹ï¼ˆwas viewed through the lens of gender politics),但这也仅仅是一ç§�æ€�度罢了,还没到指责ã€�责难的地æ¥ã€‚所以B的说法ä¸�能算对。
  C说是人们对女性科å¦å®¶çš„固有æ€�度。文ä¸ç¬¬äºŒæ®µä»ŽBut while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother meè¿™å�¥å¼€å§‹ï¼Œè®²è¿°äº†ä½œè€…é�¢å¯¹ä¸–人æˆ�è§�时如何挺身而出ã€�为女性仗义执言。这也就是C所表达的æ„�æ€�。
  Dè¯´æ˜¯å¯¹è‡ªç„¶ä¸ŽåŸ¹è‚²çš„å¹¿æ³›è¯¯è§£ã€‚æ ¹æ�®ç¬¬äºŒæ®µï¼Œnature versus nurture的问题是作者与人争论的è¯�题之一,是诸多对女性的æˆ�è§�之一,文ä¸å…·ä½“举出的例å�å°±å�¦æœ‰left brain versus right brain。而作者è¦�斗争的是所有é�å�—çš„æˆ�è§�,D所说的这其ä¸ä¸€ç§�æˆ�è§�ä¸�å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯é¢˜ç›®æ‰€è¯´çš„æ•´ä¸ªæ—¶æœŸå†…一直都è¦�斗争的对象。
  65. D
  题干问作者谈到她的ç�级时为何æµ�露出满æ„�之情。
ã€€ã€€ä¸Žé¢˜ç›®ç›¸å…³çš„åŽŸæ–‡æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„ï¼šToday I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45,汉译为:我现在在纽约一所女å�大å¦Barnardå�šç ”究和教书,近有人问我,我的ç�级里45å��å¦ç”Ÿä¸æœ‰å¤šå°‘ä¸ªå¥³ç”Ÿã€‚ä½ æƒ³è±¡ä¸�到我能够回甓45个â€�时的满æ„�之情。
  从å‰�文的å�™è¿°å�¯ä»¥çŸ¥é�“,作者一直需è¦�é�¢å¯¹çš„问题是在男性主导的领域女性太少的问题。19å²�时,她是ç�里一的女生(the only woman in the classroom),å�šç ”ç©¶å�Žï¼Œäººä»¬æ€»æ˜¯é—®å¥¹åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªç”·æ€§ä¸»å¯¼çš„领域里工作的情形(the only woman in the classroom work in a field dominated by men)。å�¯è§�ï¼Œåœ¨ä½œè€…ç ”ç©¶çš„é¢†åŸŸé‡Œï¼Œå¥³ç”Ÿæ˜¯å¾ˆå°‘çš„ï¼Œè€ŒçŽ°åœ¨ç�里45人全部是女生,作者很有å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯ä¸ºåœ¨è‡ªå·±ç ”究的领域里出现了这么多的女性而感到满æ„�。在这里作者使用了Be able to answer而ä¸�直接用answer,暗å�«ä»¥å‰�是ä¸�å�¯èƒ½è¯´å‡ºè¿™æ ·çš„æ•°å—的。这个è¯�组的选用也暗示了作者是在为数å—的由少到多而满æ„�。
  A,女生ä¸�å†�为性别问题而烦æ�¼ã€‚å�Žä¸€æ®µæœ‰ä¸€å�¥è¯�:I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children,æ„�æ€�是作者知é�“有些å¦ç”Ÿè¿˜æ˜¯ä¸ºç§‘ç ”ä¸Žå®¶åºä¹‹é—´å¦‚何平衡而忧虑。这一å�™è¿°ä¸ŽAä¸�符。
  B,她的å¦ç”Ÿçš„表现使她é‡�æ‹¾ä¿¡å¿ƒã€‚æ–‡ä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��到她的å¦ç”Ÿè¡¨çŽ°å¦‚ä½•ã€‚
  C,她的女å¦ç”Ÿèƒ½ä¸Žç”·å¦ç”Ÿå�šå¾—ä¸€æ ·å¥½ã€‚æ–‡ä¸æ²¡æœ‰ç±»ä¼¼çš„å�™è¿°ã€‚
  D,追求科å¦ç ”究的女生比以å‰�多了。这一æ��述符å�ˆä¸Šæ–‡çš„分æž�。
  66. C
  题目问作者展示给å¦ç”Ÿä»¬çš„图景æ„�味ç�€ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« çš„å�Žä¸€æ®µè®²åˆ°äº†ä½œè€…曾给å¦ç”Ÿå±•ç¤ºè¿‡ä¸€ä¸ªæ€€å•æ•™å¸ˆå�šæŒ�å�šç‰©ç�†è¯•验的图景。相关原文是:I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments,身怀å…甲的物ç�†æ•™æŽˆä¾�然在å�šç‰©ç�†å®žéªŒã€‚而这一行为的å‰�å› å�Žæžœåœ¨ç¬¬å››æ®µä¸ä¹Ÿæ��述得很清楚。在这å�¥è¯�之å‰�ï¼Œä½œè€…ç»™å‡ºäº†åŽŸå› ï¼š I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children,一些å¦ç”Ÿæ‹…心ä¸�能很好地处ç�†ç§‘ç ”ä¸Žç”Ÿè‚²å©å�之间的平衡。作者为了消除å¦ç”Ÿä»¬çš„æ‹…忧,便展示了这个图景。而在这å�¥è¯�之å�Žï¼Œä½œè€…给出了结果:in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science,45个å¦ç”Ÿå®Œå…¨æŠ•入到科å¦ä¹‹çˆ±ä¸ã€‚从这些å‰�å› å�Žæžœå�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œä½œè€…之所以展示这一图景,就是为了打消å¦ç”Ÿå¯¹äºŽç”Ÿè‚²å©å�会å�¦å½±å“�ç§‘å¦ç ”究的忧虑。
  Aï¼Œå¥³ç”Ÿä»¬æ— é¡»ä¸ºæ•™æŽˆçš„æ€€å•æ‹…忧。这一图景的直接信å�·æ˜¯è¦�å‘Šè¯‰å¥³ç”Ÿä»¬æ— é¡»ä¸ºæ•™æŽˆæ‹…å¿ƒï¼Œè€Œä¼ è¾¾çš„æ„�ä¹‰åˆ™æ˜¯æ— é¡»ä¸ºå¥¹ä»¬è‡ªå·±ç”Ÿè‚²å©å�担心,而题目问的是“æ„�味â€�ç�€ä»€ä¹ˆï¼Œå› æ¤A的说法ä¸�对。
  Bï¼Œå¥³æ€§åœ¨é€šå¾€å¦æœ¯æˆ�功的é�“路上会é�‡åˆ°æ›´å¤šçš„éšœç¢�。教授展示æ¤å›¾æ™¯çš„目的就是为了告诉å¦ç”Ÿä»¬æ€€å•å¹¶ä¸�ä¼šå¯¹ç§‘ç ”é€ æˆ�什么障ç¢�,所以Bä¸�对。
  C,女性å�¯ä»¥åœ¨ç§‘ç ”å’Œæ‹¥æœ‰å®¶åºä¹‹é—´å¾ˆå¥½åœ°å¹³è¡¡ã€‚符å�ˆå‰�é�¢çš„分æž�。
  Dï¼ŒçŽ°åœ¨çš„å¥³æ€§åœ¨è¿½æ±‚ç§‘ç ”ç”Ÿæ¶¯æ—¶é�‡åˆ°çš„问题较以å‰�少。应该说怀å•问题确实是一个问题,å�ªæ˜¯ä½œè€…的观点在于ä¸�把这一问题看å�šæ˜¯éšœç¢�而已。D的说法ä¸�对。
  更多推�:
  历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2004-2006)
  历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2002-2004)
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