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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2007-2008)

  Passage Two
  I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
  At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
  Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
  Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war� stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
  62. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
  A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
  B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
  C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
  D) She finds space research more important.(B)
  63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.
  A) the very fact that she is a woman
  B) her involvement in gender politics
  C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
  D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society(A)
  64. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
  A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
  B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.
  C) People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.
  D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.(C)
  65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
  A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.
  B) Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.
  C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.
  D) More female students are pursuing science than before.(D)
  66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
  A) Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
  B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
  C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
  D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.(C)
  这是一篇与性别歧视有关的文章,讲的是女性应该如何�对性别歧视的问题。作者以人称的形�,以亲身的�历�说明女性在�对性别歧视时应该采��屑一顾的�度。
  全文一共四个大段,开篇为I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again,以“again�一�造�悬疑,引起读者对原因的探究,而�整个段�述了相对于这一again的上一次作者�对性别问题时的�度;并解释了原因是兴趣�在于此(I never found them interesting)。
  第二段开始�步为“again�释疑,�述了作者从�对性别问题的超然�度(it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom)转�为积���女性利益�度(I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind)的过程。
  第三段进一步为“again�释疑,�述作者��悟出应回归超然�度的心��历。从Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory这一问一答�以看出,虽然多年过去,但作者用以对付性别问题这一心��担的利器�然是兴趣(don’t study sociology or political theory)。
  �一段�述了作者�归超然�度�如何教导学生正确地�对性别问题。在有些学生因性别问题(如何在科学研究和生儿育女间的愿望之间�出选择)而忧虑时,作者以身言教(heavily pregnant doing physics experiments),告诉学生们应该忘记性别问题。作者的表率起了作用,�她们的�师一样,学生们把精力完全放在了兴趣上�(45 women driven by a love of science)。
  文章的内容虽然涉�了社会问题,但切入角度是主观人称,语言修辞上更为接近散文(essay)的风格,所以相对于议论文�说明文较容易�解。
  62. B
  题目问作者为什么�想�一次谈论作为一个女科学家的感�。四个选项的��是:
  A,工作在一个男性主导的领域里让她感到�快�。
  B,她对性别歧视问题感到厌倦了。
  C,她�善于讲述此类故事。
  D,她�现太空研究更为��。
  文章段就讲述了作者�愿�评论自己作为女科学家的事实。这一段的��是这样的:
  我�想�一次谈论我作为女性科学家的事情。在我的人生中,有那么一段时间,人们总是问我,在一个被男性主导的领域中工作都会�生什么故事。我从�都�善于 给他们讲述那些故事,因为,说真的,我觉得那些故事一点��也没有。让我觉得有��的是宇宙的起�,时空的形状,和黑洞的本质。
  结�全文�看,第二段�述作者曾�陷入女性主义的炽热情绪当中,而�作者用了10年时间回归了对性别问题的超然�度(It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19),这也是题目中使用again的原因。既然使用了again,就已�表明作者以�曾�为这�问题烦扰过。
  C和D都是段直接出现的内容,C照应I was never very good at telling those stories,而D照应What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe。但二者都应该�是作者想�表达的真实��,因为�善于讲故事这类说法显然是作者的托辞,而�现太空研究��肯定是早已�现,而�是现在 ��现的,也是作者的托辞而已。
  第二段�一�:I don’t study sociology or political theory,“我�是研究社会学或者政治�论的�,体现出作者把性别问题归于学术或政治问题,但�时也表达了一��讽的�度,暗�作者的�满与无奈,潜 ��是:“这�问题你去问他们,别�烦我。�
  结�以上因素,判断本题应该选择B。
  63. A
  题目问从第二段�以推断出人们把作者的失败归于什么。
  A,她是一个女人的事实。
  B,她�与了性别政治。
  C,她作为女天体物�学家的过于自信。
  D,在男性主导的社会中她身负�担。
  第二段讲的是作者对性别问题的�度由�在乎转�为热情关注的过程。19�时完全超脱(it did not bother me in the least),麻��工求学�之�研究时开始�到干扰(the issue started to bother me),这�干扰就是作者所有的�就:工作�研究论文�获奖,都�到性别��这副有色眼镜的过滤(viewed through the lens of gender politics),而�作者写了一�So were my failures,so在这里是代指,指代viewed through the lens of gender politics,�my failures were also viewed through the lens of gender politics,��就是人们是从性别政治的角度看待她的失败,也就是认为她的失败是由性别��引起的。这样的�,符�这个��的�有A。
  B所说的她�与了性别政治是个迷惑选项。�与性别政治是指为女性利益奔走呼�,第二段末尾也确实�到了作者的女性主义热情,但这是性别歧视�生之���以进行 的,�则,如果没有�生歧视,奋力��女性的利益的缘由就�存在了。而作者的失败,如果是因性别问题而起的�,则是早于失败之�就已��生作用了。因此从逻辑上讲,作者自己的失败应该是先于�与��女性利益�生的,�者��能�为�者�生的原因。
  64. C
  题目问作者在攻读哲学�士和进行�士�研究时��什么进行�断地斗争。
  四个选项中,A说是缺少在太空科学领域�功的信心。文章�到了作者失去信心的问题,It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19,但这个信心是作者在�对世人对女性��时有信心�予��,而�是科研领域的信心。
  B说是�自她的圈内圈外的�公平指责。世人戴�性别的有色眼镜看她(was viewed through the lens of gender politics),但这也仅仅是一��度罢了,还没到指责�责难的地步。所以B的说法�能算对。
  C说是人们对女性科学家的固有�度。文中第二段从But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me这�开始,讲述了作者�对世人��时如何挺身而出�为女性仗义执言。这也就是C所表达的��。
  D说是对自然与培育的广泛误解。根�第二段,nature versus nurture的问题是作者与人争论的�题之一,是诸多对女性的��之一,文中具体举出的例�就�有left brain versus right brain。而作者�斗争的是所有��的��,D所说的这其中一�����能是题目所说的整个时期内一直都�斗争的对象。
  65. D
  题干问作者谈到她的�级时为何�露出满�之情。
  与题目相关的原文是这样的:Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45,汉译为:我现在在纽约一所女�大学Barnard�研究和教书,近有人问我,我的�级里45�学生中有多少个女生。你想象�到我能够回答“45个�时的满�之情。
  从�文的�述�以知�,作者一直需��对的问题是在男性主导的领域女性太少的问题。19�时,她是�里一的女生(the only woman in the classroom),�研究�,人们总是问她在一个男性主导的领域里工作的情形(the only woman in the classroom work in a field dominated by men)。��,在作者研究的领域里,女生是很少的,而现在�里45人全部是女生,作者很有�能是为在自己研究的领域里出现了这么多的女性而感到满�。在这里作者使用了Be able to answer而�直接用answer,暗�以�是��能说出这样的数字的。这个�组的选用也暗示了作者是在为数字的由少到多而满�。
  A,女生��为性别问题而烦�。�一段有一��:I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children,��是作者知�有些学生还是为科研与家庭之间如何平衡而忧虑。这一�述与A�符。
  B,她的学生的表现使她�拾信心。文中没有�到她的学生表现如何。
  C,她的女学生能与男学生�得一样好。文中没有类似的�述。
  D,追求科学研究的女生比以�多了。这一�述符�上文的分�。
  66. C
  题目问作者展示给学生们的图景�味�什么。
  文章的�一段讲到了作者曾给学生展示过一个怀孕教师���物�试验的图景。相关原文是:I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments,身怀六甲的物�教授�然在�物�实验。而这一行为的�因�果在第四段中也�述得很清楚。在这��之�,作者给出了原因: I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children,一些学生担心�能很好地处�科研与生育孩�之间的平衡。作者为了消除学生们的担忧,便展示了这个图景。而在这��之�,作者给出了结果:in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science,45个学生完全投入到科学之爱中。从这些�因�果�以看出,作者之所以展示这一图景,就是为了打消学生对于生育孩�会�影�科学研究的忧虑。
  A,女生们无须为教授的怀孕担忧。这一图景的直接信�是�告诉女生们无须为教授担心,而传达的�义则是无须为她们自己生育孩�担心,而题目问的是“�味��什么,因此A的说法�对。
  B,女性在通往学术�功的�路上会�到更多的障�。教授展示此图景的目的就是为了告诉学生们怀孕并�会对科研造�什么障�,所以B�对。
  C,女性�以在科研和拥有家庭之间很好地平衡。符���的分�。
  D,现在的女性在追求科研生涯时�到的问题较以�少。应该说怀孕问题确实是一个问题,�是作者的观点在于�把这一问题看�是障�而已。D的说法�对。

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