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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2004-2006)

  Passage Two
  Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
  As soon as it was revealed that a reporter for Progressive magazine had discovered how to make a hydrogen bomb, a group of firearm (�器) fans formed the National Hydrogen Bomb Association, and they are now lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one.
  “The Constitution,� said the association’s spokesman, “gives everyone the right to own arms. It doesn’t spell out what kind of arms. But since anyone can now make a hydrogen bomb, the public should be able to buy it to protect themselves.�
  “Don’t you think it’s dangerous to have one in the house, particularly where there are children around?�
  “The National Hydrogen Bomb Association hopes to educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon. We are instructing owners to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse (导�索) separately in a drawer.�
  “Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody.�
  The spokesman said, “Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people—people kill people. The bomb is for self-protection and it also has a deterrent effect. If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in.�
  “But those who want to ban the bomb for American citizens claim that if you have one locked in the cabinet, with the fuse in a drawer, you would never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder (侵入者).�
  “Another argument against allowing people to own a bomb is that at the moment it is very expensive to build one. So what your association is backing is a program which would allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns.�
  16. According to the passage, some people started a national association so as to ________.
  A) block any legislation to ban the private possession of the bomb
  B) coordinate the mass production of the destructive weapon
  C) instruct people how to keep the bomb safe at home
  D) promote the large-scale sale of this newly invented weapon(A)
  17. Some people oppose the ownership of H-bombs by individuals on the grounds that ________.
  A) the size of the bomb makes it difficult to keep in a drawer
  B) most people don’t know how to handle the weapon
  C) people’s lives will be threatened by the weapon
  D) they may fall into the hands of criminals(C)
  18. By saying that the bomb also has a deterrent effect the spokesman means that it ________.
  A) will frighten away any possible intruders
  B) can show the special status of its owners
  C) will threaten the safety of the owners as well
  D) can kill those entering others’ houses by force(A)
  19. According to the passage, opponents of the private ownership of H-bombs are very much worried that ________.
  A) the influence of the association is too powerful for the less privileged to overcome
  B) poorly-educated Americans will find it difficult to make use of the weapon
  C) the wide use of the weapon will push up living expenses tremendously
  D) the cost of the weapon will put citizens on an unequal basis(D)
  20. From the tone of the passage we know that the author is ________.
  A) doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safety
  B) unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs
  C) not serious about the private ownership of H-bombs
  D) concerned about the spread of nuclear weapons(A)
  这篇文章讲的是全国氢弹�会(National Hydrogen Bomb Association)的�立�相关的争论。段主�介�事件的�生:全国氢弹�会的�立以�该�会目��手的活动:游说��立法�止普通人拥有氢弹(lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one)。第二段,�会�言人�出了宪法作为如此游说的�由(The Constitution gives everyone the right to own arms,宪法给了�个人拥有武器的�利)。
  ��的几段用问答的形�,继续讨论人们是�应该拥有氢弹。首先是问在家中�有这样的武器是�太�险了(it’s dangerous to have one in the house),回答是该�会�以指导人们如何使用这�武器,并�出人们�以把氢弹弹体和导�索分开放置的方案(to keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer)。
  之�怀疑人们怎么�以拥有氢弹这��常致命的武器。回答是氢弹制造的目的是用于自我�护(The bomb is for self-protection),并举例说若家中�有氢弹,则会�阻�法闯入者(they’re going to think twice about breaking in)。
  接下�的一段对上述�由�出了�驳:若有人侵入,则根本���把氢弹组装起�(never be able to assemble it in time to stop an intruder)。
  �一段是�一��对��:因为现在的氢弹价格昂贵,实际上它�护的对象�有富人(allow the middle and upper classes to acquire a bomb while poor people will be left defenseless with just handguns)。
  16. A
  本题问从文中�以得知,一些人组织了一个国家�会,目的是什么。
  A,阻止任何�止�人拥有氢弹的立法。
  B,��这�破�性武器的大规模生产。
  C,指导人们如何安全地把氢弹�于家中。
  D,推广销售这�新�明的武器。
  观察段,是一个很长的��,�以判断以段的内容出一�题�常�能。这样这�题的答案��到段中寻找就�以了。段��部分讲的是该�会�立的缘由,与目的应该无关,那么就应该关注���。���讲的是该�会正在lobbying against any legislation to stop Americans from owning one,lobby是游说的��,lobby against就是游说�对�事物,��是“任何阻止美国人拥有氢弹的立法�。游说�对任何阻止美国人拥有氢弹的立法,��与A一致,�以选A。
  17. C
  题目问一些人�对个人拥有氢弹,其�由的基础在于……
  看这�题的题目,似乎较为空泛,其答案好��结�较多文章内容�能得出。但观察几个备选项,�知它们基本与文章里的个问答有关,�以判断答案就在个问答中。结�这个问答的内容对错误选项进行排除,终就�找到正确的答案。
  A,氢弹的大�使其很难放入抽屉中。�到drawer的是这一�:keep the bomb in a locked cabinet and the fuse separately in a drawer,这里讲的是如何�存氢弹:将弹体放在柜�里�起�,把导�索放在抽屉里。�解了这个��,就�知�A的说法是�正确的。
  B,大多数人�知�如何�作这�武器。文章�到handle是这一�:educate people in the safe handling of this type of weapon,��是�会希望指导人们如何安全地�作这�武器。这是一�答语,回答的问题是“把氢弹放在家里是�太�险了�,��武器的�险性是�对拥有它的�由,而指导如何�作�是应对这�质疑的对策而已。所以B也�对。
  C,人们的生活会�到这�武器的��。根�对C的分��知,人们�对个人拥有氢弹是因为这�武器太过�险,�能会��自身,与C的��一致。
  D,他们�能会�入犯罪分�的手中。这一点文中没有�到,�以直接排除。
  18. A
  题目问�言人所说的氢弹�以起到�慑效果是指氢弹……
  A,会�跑潜在的入侵者。
  B,�以显示主人的特殊地�。
  C,也会��主人的安全。
  D,�以�死那些暴力进入别人房�的人。
  文章�到deterrent effect(�慑效果)是在第二个问答中。问�者对氢弹的致命性表示了担忧(Some people consider the hydrogen bomb a very fatal weapon which could kill somebody),而�言人认为氢弹本身�会�人,人�会�人(Hydrogen bombs don’t kill people—people kill people),并指出氢弹是自�武器(The bomb is for self-protection),�时具有�慑效果。在此之�的��是�言人举出的一个例�,用�说明什么是�慑效果。If somebody knows you have a nuclear weapon in your house, they’re going to think twice about breaking in——���很好�解:如果有人知�你的房�里有一件核武器。Think twice,�考两次,与汉语里的“�考�三�类似,表示人犹豫�决,考虑�三无法下定决心,在这里就是指闯入者犹豫�决,始终�敢进入有核武器的房�。这的确�以说是一��慑效果。符�这个��的选项是A。
  19. D
  本题问根�文�,�对�人拥有氢弹的人士�常担心什么。
  �对�人拥有氢弹的人士所担心的东西很多,但考虑到本题是本篇的倒数第二�题,而且��两个问答中�到的担忧�已�出过题目,所以这�题的答案肯定会在第二 个问答以�的内容中。��还有两�担忧的问题,个是���组装氢弹,结�题支�知与本题无关。第二个(�一段)是穷人买�起氢弹,与题支所述的内容 相关。�一段共2个��,�指出制造氢弹�常昂贵(very expensive to build one),第二�以�为��,进一步说明�有富人�买得起氢弹,穷人�能用手枪自�。
  A,这一�会的影�过大,使特�较少的人无法抗拒。
  B,缺少教育的�个人将会�现使用这�武器�常困难。
  C,这�武器的广泛使用将会大幅度增加生活支出。
  D,这�武器的价格使公民站在了�平等的基础上。
  �以看到A�B�C的说法在�一段找�到任何类似内容。D所说的“价格使公民站在了�平等的基础上�中,价格应该就是指的氢弹的昂贵,使�平等应该是说富人买得起而穷人买�起,这符�上�的分�。应该选D。
  20. A
  本题问从这篇文章的�述基调�知作者如何如何。
  A,对出于安全因素而在家中存放氢弹的必�性表示怀疑。
  B, 对那些投票�对个人拥有氢弹的人存有�感。
  C,对�人拥有氢弹问题并�在乎。
  D,忧心核武器的扩散。
  从 文章内容�看,作者实际上自始至终没有�出自己的观点,�是引用氢弹�会与�对者两方�的��进行论述,�想从中看出作者的倾�比较困难。但内容本身还是 能够传达出一些信�供我们分�。首先,在写作一篇关于氢弹�会的文章之始,在写作方�上�以有很多选择,如将其�为新生事物�正�介�——这就暗示作者有 支�氢弹�会的倾�(如此就�以选B);或者把此事作为新闻事件仅客观地加以�述,写法类似于新闻报�(如此就�以选C)。 但读完文章��以�现,作者没有按照上述的写法写作,而是引入很多�对��,以问答的形�介�在该事件上的争论情况,这样就至少�以判断出作者的倾��是 支�氢弹�会的,�则就�会罗列如此之多的�对��,�让读者了解到�人拥有氢弹的弊端。其次,�以�现作者罗列的�对��是�常深入�常尖�的,尤其是 �两段,对���言人的观点�了针锋相对的�驳,如果作者的�度是事�关己,相信�会如此和氢弹�会的人过�去。因此�以判断作者的�度大致是对�人拥 有氢弹表示担心的。答案应该是A。
  D的说法似乎也对,但应该注�D的用�,nuclear weapons用的是�数形�,那么这个�组就指的是破�力�强的军事上使用的核武器,而�是家庭用的氢弹。如果指家庭用氢弹应该这么表述:the nuclear weapon,用the特指文章已��到的氢弹,weapon用�数。

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