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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2007-2008)

  2008.12
  Passage One
  Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
  If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations: you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman.
  There’re many reasons for this – typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke – but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
  “Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,� says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.�
  Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over45, it should be at least once a year.
  Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.
  “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,� he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延长) his life.�
  According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.
  “A lot of men think they’re invincible (��战胜的),� Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’�
  Then there’s the ostrich approach. “Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,� says Dr, Ross Cartmill.
  “Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,� Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
  Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it’s called premature death.�
  注�:此部分试题请在答题�2上作答。
  57. Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?
  A) They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.
  B) Their average life span has been considerably extended.
  C) They have lived long enough to read this article.
  D) They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.
  58. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?
  A) Men drink and smoke much more than women.
  B) Men don’t seek medical care as often as women
  C) Men aren’t as cautious as women in face of danger.
  D) Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases.
  59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him, …� (Line2, Para. 8)?
  A) it could happen to me, too
  B) I should avoid playing golf
  C) I should consider myself lucky
  D) it would be a big misfortune
  60. What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach� (Line 1, Para. 9)
  A) A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions.
  B) A new therapy for certain psychological problems.
  C) Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.
  D) Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear.
  61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?
  A) They may increase public expenses.
  B) They will save money in the long run.
  C) They may cause psychological strains on men.
  D) They will enable men to live as long as women.
  这篇文章的主�内容是男性寿命短于女性的�因,作者在文中�出了自己的新颖观点——男性看医生的次数少于女性,并对此进�了论述。
  �料以耸人�闻的说法开篇(you’re a survivor),立��引了读者(尤其是男性读者)的注�力,��指出男性�论是患病死亡(more than twice as likely to die)还是寿终正�(on average five years before a woman),其寿命都�短于女性。
  下一段探究了这�现象的原因,首先给出几个众所周知的原因,如男性�烟�酒(more likely to drink and smoke),而��出了自己的独特观点:男性寿命短是因为他们�看医生(men don’t go to the doctor)。
  男性如何�爱求医?这是��5个�段的内容。男性(尤其是四��以上的男性)看医生的次数少于正常次数,按正常情况,一��康男性应该没一两年看一次医生,而45�以上者应该�年至少一次。作者给出了一个50�男性的例�,他在咳嗽症状�生�一年�去看医生,结果导致癌症扩散而早亡。
  此5�段之�,作者探讨了男性�爱看医生的心�原因。很多男性认为自己��战胜(��会得病),�时采�了一�鸵鸟策略,�害怕知�病情而�敢看病。�一段从看病�本上分�定期体检的好处,指出从长远�看,预防(体检)的花费�低于得病�治疗的花费。
  57. C
  题目问作者为什么在开头�喜他的男性读者。
  首先看�喜的内容:you’re a survivor,��是你是一�幸存者。“幸存者�的潜��就是本�“我��能已�死了,但因为�些原因�幸�地活到现在。作者在��用数�解释了如此�喜的原因:“我�患皮肤癌和艾滋病而死亡的几率远远大于女性;�便是没有患这些�病,男性寿终正�的平�年龄也比女性少五年。如此解释之�,“我�确实足够幸�,尚未因癌症和艾滋病而死,还有机会读到了这篇文章。当然这�是作者的夸张说法而已。
  A,现在他们患�病而存活的几率更高。这个选项考查对第二行�第三行有关皮肤癌和艾滋病的��的�解。文章说男性死于皮肤癌和艾滋病的几率远大于女性,和A的说法正好相�。
  B,他们的平�寿命大大地延长了。这��里出现了average,显然是考查段�一��。You’ll die on average five years before a woman, 这��大�是男性平�寿命比女性短,和B说法无关。
  C,他们能读到这篇文章,说明已�足够长寿。符���的分�。
  D,他们一定会享�更长寿�快�的生活。这��属于无中生有,�便从全文角度讲,男性按照作者建议注�医疗��,从而获得延长生命,但也�代表生命就是happier。
  四个选项中C的说法为�想。
  58.B
  题目问作者认为男性平�寿命比女性短5年的��原因是什么。
  A, 男性抽烟�酒远多于女性。
  B, 男性��女性�常寻求医疗救治。
  C, 男性在�对�险时�如女性谨慎�心。
  D, 男性更�能患致命疾病。
  题目的关键信�是reason和most important,第二段�到了reason一�,而这里讲的也确实是题目所�求的原因。原因有三点,一是�险(risks),一是抽烟�酒,一是�看医生(don’t go to doctor)。其中在引出第三点时,作者称之为more importantly,也就是比�几点��。鉴于文中已找�出其他原因,则更为��也就是��,答案应该是“�看医生�。B的说法与此一致。
  59.A
  题目问下列哪��填入文中if it could happen to him之�为�适。
  A, 那也�能�生在我的身上。
  B, 我�能打高尔夫�了。
  C, 我应该觉得自己幸�。
  D, 那真是太�幸了。
  这是一����解题,必须结����的逻辑关系进行判断。
  此段之�的几段内容的核心�想是男性看医生的次数大大少于女性。本段开头说到很多男性认为自己是��战胜的(invincible),这��照应上文的内容,应该是男性�愿看医生的原因所在。下一�说到男性仅仅得知一个朋�死在高尔夫�场上�开始有所醒悟,这一�中的only表示与上一�在��上的转折关系,也就是男性认为自己��战胜,“但是�当�说朋��死时,他们�开始有所领悟。这样的�,他们此时所想的一定是对自身状况的担心,�则就�能体现出转折�义。四个选项中A为�适,其他几项都没有表达对自己的担忧。
  60.D
  题目问Cartmill所说的the ostrich approach是什么��。
  A, 对�康状况的���度。
  B, �些心�问题的新的治疗方法。
  C, 因害怕痛苦而拒�接�医治。
  D, 因害怕而�愿去�现自己的疾病。
  首先看这几个��的��,ostrich是鸵鸟,approach是方法,�起�就是鸵鸟的方法。鸵鸟的方法到底是什么需�结�文章环境��解。
  正如上一题中所谈到的,男人们会对朋�的�死感到�惊,进而对自己的�康产生忧虑。接下�文章讲到男人们开始使用鸵鸟的方法,具体的方法如Cartmill所说:有些男人害怕�能有的东西(what might be there),�愿�知�(would rather not know)。这里�能有的东西当然是指疾病,�愿�知�的原因是什么呢?是因为害怕(scared of)。这里的逻辑顺�是这样的:男人害怕疾病,所以�想了解疾病。害怕疾病��想了解疾病,这似乎有点说�过去。但这就是鸵鸟方�的特点。平时我们�能�说过,鸵鸟�到�险时会把头�到沙�里,以�正视�险�逃��险,这就是鸵鸟方�的�由。男性对待疾病的方�与此类似,所以被称为使用了鸵鸟的方法。这里有两个关键点,一是害怕(�排除A�B),二是�愿去正视(排除C)。
  61.B
  题目问关于男性定期体检Cartmill是如何说的。
  �一题一般考查�一段的内容,这一�也�例外。文章�一段主�论述了男性定期体检的问题,�到了Cartmill的三点看法。,定期体检毫无疑问会给公共支出带�压力(�一段的��)。第二,预防疾病比治疗疾病更加便宜。第三,终的代价�远为昂贵,那就是英年早�(�一��)。把�个选项与这三点进行对比就�选出正确答案。
  A, 体检�能会增加公共支出。文中确实有相关�述,原文为inevitable place strain on the public purse,�为给公共钱包(��公共支出)增加压力。体检会增加国家的支出,这一点我们似乎�解上有一些困难,问题�能在于,在作者所在的国家实行了类似全民公费医疗的政策,体检费由国家买�,所以增加男性定期体检项目就会增加国库支出。
  B, 从长远看,体检会节约支出。Cartmill的第二点看法所说的“预防�具体化为行动也就是定期体检,所以B的说法正确。相较而言,A因为没有指明是长期还是短期,所以准确度较B差些,还是应该选择B为正确答案。
  C, 体检�能会引起男性的心�紧张。这里出现了strain,是考查对第二点的�解,但说法错误。
  D, 体检�以使男性和女性一样长寿。这个说法勉强�以算是对第三点看法的考查,因为第三点里出现了death,与寿命有关;而��的premature�是一个难�,容易造��解困难。
  

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