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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2007-2008)

  2008.6
  Passage One
  Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
  Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t - we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
  Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,� as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.
  From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
  No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something.� Consider the Kyoto Protocol (京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories (签字国) didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
  The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
  The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.
  注�:此部分试题请在答题�2上作答。
  57. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
  A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.
  B) It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
  C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
  D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.
  58. According to the author’s understanding, what is A1 Gore’s view on global warming?
  A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.
  B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
  C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.
  D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.
  59. Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ________.
  A) economic growth
  B) wasteful use of energy
  C) the widening gap between the rich and poor
  D) the rapid advances of science and technology
  60. The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, ________.
  A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation
  B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use
  C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming
  D) international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems
  61. What is the message the author intends to convey?
  A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.
  B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.
  C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.
  D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.
  这是一篇讲述全��暖问题的�料。关于全��暖在当�如何解决,作者指出了两点,一是它已�演��了�德问题,二是�能通过技术�破�解决。
  段开头作者抛出了自己的独特观点:we won’t do much about it。而�作了一定的解释,认为人们会讨论全��暖问题(We will argue over it),甚而�出解决问题的姿�,但这类姿���会诉诸于行动(the less likely they are to be observed)。
  下一段引用了美国�副总统戈尔的观点:inconvenient truth,��是承认了问题就能解决问题。作者并���戈尔的观点,并指出��承认问题是�够,解决问题的方法是�大技术�破(major technological breakthroughs)。
  第三段的内容比较长,作者列举了详细数�论�在未�的50年时间内温室气体排放�的增长幅度。作者的目的在于�出问题的严�性,以便和下一段中政府�愿削�能耗的论述形�对比,彰显出政府为了�自的利益而置环境问题而�顾。这就是在作者看�的�德问题。
  既然�国政府�愿进行能耗削�,那么解决问题的办法�有一个:新技术�破。倒数第二段具体论述了新技术�破作为全��暖问题出路的观点(the only solution is new technology)。
  �一段从�一个方�论述了新技术�破作为问题解决办法的必�性,也就是在�德层�(政府�作为)无法解决问题的情况,必须从工程(engineering,实际指的是技术�新)的角度去实现�破,�则就是彻底的helpless了。
  57. D
  题目问哪个是段中有关全��暖的说法。
  A,全��暖�能根本就�会�展为环境�机。
  B,这是一个需�全世界都付出努力的课题。
  C,为��或阻止全��暖,已�采�了�大步骤。
  D,将�会采�什么措施�控制全��暖。
  段并�容易�解,因为作者在这里玩弄了一些文字游�,如may or may not和whether it is or isn’t,其真实�图�好把�。段�以分为两个语�群,�算是一个语�群,��两��为一个语�群。
  从字���上看,���是全��暖�能�为�机也�能�会���机,但�管会��为,我们都�会采�什么措施。这是一个转折�,通常情况下,转折之�的��具有更��的�义,或者说体现了作者的真实�图。那么从这一��以判断出全��暖会��为�机并�是这个��关注的焦点,焦点是我们�会采�措施�应对它。这样的�,A就是错误选项,而D是对的。
  ��两�的大�是:我们会讨论这个问题,甚至会�出堂皇的姿����全��暖,但这些姿�越堂皇,其得以实施的�能性越�。这个语�群的�心�样在转折以�,也就是这些姿�(��出的措施)被实行的�能性很�。这个��和D的说法��一致。由此�以判断D为正确答案。
  58. C
  根�作者的�解,Gore对全��暖的观点是什么。
  A,全��暖是一项事实,但大众和政治家都没有�识到它。
  B,这是一�会给我们带�诸多�便的现象。
  C,全��暖一旦被人们认识到,就会得以解决。
  D,我们对全��暖实际上知之甚少。
  第二段�到Gore的观点�用了一个�组,�inconvenient truth,字���是“会给人们带��方便的真相�,从这个�组无法判断出其具体�义。�过此�作者使用了一个as if从�,对这个�组进行�述,应该是作者对Gore观点的�解。As if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution,直译为“好�仅仅承认它就会使我们走上解决它的�路�,��也就是承认它就能解决它。这应该是作者对Gore观点的全部�解,此�的几�以But引出转折,应该是作者开始表达自己的观点,与Gore无关。
  四个选项中,C的说法与上文的分�一致。A所说的unaware是没有�识到��知�的��,和“承认���。B是对inconvenient truth字���的望文生义。D的说法和Gore的观点相去甚远,更�能是结�But之�作者自己的观点而安排的迷惑选项。
  59. A
  温室排放�到2050年�止于翻�,原因是什么。
  A,�济增长
  B,能�的浪费使用
  C,贫富差�拉大
  D,科技的快速�展
  More than double by 2050出现在第三段的末尾:With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050——介�with�以表示原因,或伴�状�,实际上�示了温室排放翻�的原因是modest growth,�适度增长。这里的增长当然是指�济增长,economic作了承��略处�。�从这个��就�以判断出正确答案是A。
  实际上这四个选项在第三大段中都有所��,需��出分辨。能�的浪费使用和温室排放之间�系�常紧密,�以认为�者实际上等于�者,因为能�使用的�时�是在排放温室气体。能�的浪费使用并�能准确地解释为什么温室排放�会超过2�地增长。
  第三段第四���到了穷人,但这里的��是说除�我们想让穷人永远穷下去,�则就需�实现�济增长。此�的目的在于说明�济增长的必�性,和温室排放�的关系�够紧密。
  从文��看,科技的快速�展是�少温室排放的有效途径,因此说D的说法起到的是相�的作用,而�会使排放�增长到2�。
  60. B
  作者认为,京都议定书签订以�……
  A,政治家们已�开始动手改�形势。
  B,很少有国家采�了真正严格的措施�制能�的使用。
  C,能耗的消�已�大大�缓全��暖形势。
  D,已�出现了致力于解决环境问题的国际�作。
  文章�到京都议定书是在第四段中间的一�(Consider the Kyoto protocol),而�开始对京都议定书进行评述。一共两��,It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t,��是它�许加入该议定书的国家惩罚�加入的国家,这应该是指该议定书的功能。这一功能到底能�达到了呢?下�一�给出了答案,But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets,这里给出了两点结果,一是它没有�少二氧化碳排放�,二是许多签署国没有采�足够严格的措施�实现2008-2012的目标。这里所说的目标应该就是�B所说的�制能�的使用,所以B的说法是对的。
  61. B
  题目问作者想�传达什么信�。
  A,相较于实际问题,全��暖更是�德问题。
  B,全��暖的解决办法有赖于新技术。
  C,有关全��暖的争论将会引�技术�命。
  D,为了阻止全��暖,人们必须放弃�些物质享�。
  与A相关的内容是�一段��,the trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really engineering one,这里出现了moral problem,A的说法正好�于此。这里的engineering one是指工程问题,也就是实际问题。在engineering one之�作者使用了really一�,说明作者更倾�于认为全��暖是一个实际问题,�是现实情况是它��了一个�德问题,体现出作者的一�无奈感。
  倒数第二段�到了B所说的新技术:the only solution is new technology,解决全��暖问题的一办法就是新技术。��的一�是对这个观点的进一步说明,�以说B的说法是符�文�的。
  关于技术�命和全��暖争论之间的关系,应该是技术�命会解决全��暖问题,这也是作者所�的观点。而根��一段的说法,关于全��暖问题的争论已�演���德问题,和技术�命没有关系,所以C的说法�对。
  至于D,在文章中没有涉�到放弃�些物质享�的内容,应该属于生造出�的选项,所以�以排除。

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