2011年12月英语四级阅读长难句精讲精练
86. The m ore students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. (07.12 Passage 1)
分析 主干：The more students..., the more the school saves (on...)
主干部分是 the more... the more... 的特殊句型，表示”越...越...”。 who 引导的定 语从句修饰 students。
译文 报考该校却不来校园上课的学生越多，学校在用于教室照明、支付看门人及维护 停车场的费用上就可以节省越多。
87. Simil arly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive. (06.12 Passage 1)
分析 主干：a magazine... found that...
found 后面接了一个 that 引导的宾语从句， 从句是个比较句：tap water... tasted better than...。 在比较对象 leading brands of bottled water 后有一个 that 引导的定语从句。 译文 同样，英国的一个杂志发现来自泰晤士河的自来水尝起来比好几家大品牌的瓶装水的味道还要好。 而这些瓶装水的价格要比自来水贵 400 倍。
88. Peop le are also more likely to lie in real time要in an instant message or phone call, say要than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析 主干：People are more likely to lie... than if..., (says Hancock.)
句末的 says Hancock 可以看做插入成分，也可以看做是这种句式的主句部分（用 了倒装结构）。 两个破折号中间的内容是插入语，是对前面内容的举例说明。 ... are more likely to lie... than if... 是比较句， 是把 real time 交际与 if they have time to think of a response 的交际进行比较。
译文 Hancock 说，比起有时间设想答复的场合，人们在实时谈话中要要比如说在即时信 息或者电话谈话中要要也更可能撒谎。
89. A thr ee year old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析 主干：A three year old might need help (in understanding that...)
in understanding...是介词短语作状语，表示”在明白...方面”。understanding 后面有 两个 that 引导的宾语从句。 前一个从句中，as he does 引导的是比较状语从句， 修饰 feel pain。 后一个从句中，hitting...是动名词作主语，谓语动词 requires 用单数形式。
译文 一个 3 岁的孩子可能需要帮助才会明白，别的孩子会跟他一样感到痛，要是用很 重的玩具砸了玩伴的头，需要向玩伴道歉。
90. Even in the world of make believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye rolling, oversexed females raised by our never married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. (09.12 Passage 1)
分析 主干：black women can’t escape the stereotype
stereotype 后有一个长长的 of 短语作定语，of 用动名词 being 作宾语，being 的 表语部分是以 females 为中心词的名词短语。 females 有三个定语：eye rolling, oversexed 以及过去分词短语 raised by...。 于本句话的理解难点在于理解作者的语气：”即使（在这 个人人都在扮假面孔的世界），（黑人妇女）还是...”。
译文 即使在虚构的世界里，黑人妇女依然难逃这样的定式，被认为是放荡的、性亢奋的 女人，由酗酒成性的单身母亲养大。
分析 主干：The more students..., the more the school saves (on...)
主干部分是 the more... the more... 的特殊句型，表示”越...越...”。 who 引导的定 语从句修饰 students。
译文 报考该校却不来校园上课的学生越多，学校在用于教室照明、支付看门人及维护 停车场的费用上就可以节省越多。
87. Simil arly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive. (06.12 Passage 1)
分析 主干：a magazine... found that...
found 后面接了一个 that 引导的宾语从句， 从句是个比较句：tap water... tasted better than...。 在比较对象 leading brands of bottled water 后有一个 that 引导的定语从句。 译文 同样，英国的一个杂志发现来自泰晤士河的自来水尝起来比好几家大品牌的瓶装水的味道还要好。 而这些瓶装水的价格要比自来水贵 400 倍。
88. Peop le are also more likely to lie in real time要in an instant message or phone call, say要than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. (06.6 Passage 1)
分析 主干：People are more likely to lie... than if..., (says Hancock.)
句末的 says Hancock 可以看做插入成分，也可以看做是这种句式的主句部分（用 了倒装结构）。 两个破折号中间的内容是插入语，是对前面内容的举例说明。 ... are more likely to lie... than if... 是比较句， 是把 real time 交际与 if they have time to think of a response 的交际进行比较。
译文 Hancock 说，比起有时间设想答复的场合，人们在实时谈话中要要比如说在即时信 息或者电话谈话中要要也更可能撒谎。
89. A thr ee year old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. (06.1 Passage 2)
分析 主干：A three year old might need help (in understanding that...)
in understanding...是介词短语作状语，表示”在明白...方面”。understanding 后面有 两个 that 引导的宾语从句。 前一个从句中，as he does 引导的是比较状语从句， 修饰 feel pain。 后一个从句中，hitting...是动名词作主语，谓语动词 requires 用单数形式。
译文 一个 3 岁的孩子可能需要帮助才会明白，别的孩子会跟他一样感到痛，要是用很 重的玩具砸了玩伴的头，需要向玩伴道歉。
90. Even in the world of make believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye rolling, oversexed females raised by our never married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers. (09.12 Passage 1)
分析 主干：black women can’t escape the stereotype
stereotype 后有一个长长的 of 短语作定语，of 用动名词 being 作宾语，being 的 表语部分是以 females 为中心词的名词短语。 females 有三个定语：eye rolling, oversexed 以及过去分词短语 raised by...。 于本句话的理解难点在于理解作者的语气：”即使（在这 个人人都在扮假面孔的世界），（黑人妇女）还是...”。
译文 即使在虚构的世界里，黑人妇女依然难逃这样的定式，被认为是放荡的、性亢奋的 女人，由酗酒成性的单身母亲养大。
