2022年考研英语一英译汉真题及答案

英译汉（46-50题）

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments  into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10  points)

The Man Who Broke Napoleon's Codes - Mark Urban

Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal)  was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many  different planes: between Napoleon's French army and the angry inhabitants;  between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the  marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of  science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. (46) It was  also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a  battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I  was reading Sir Charles Oman’s epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V  he had attached an appendix, The Scovell Ciphers. (47) It listed many documents  in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets  had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British  headquarters. Oman rated Scovell's significance highly, but at the same time,  the general nature of his History meant that (48) he could not analyze carefully  what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle  between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself. I was  keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman’s appendix, published in  1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret  war.

I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant  as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The  question was, could it be told?

Studying Scovell’s papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that  he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the  Peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in  this collection, which I realized was priceless. (49)There may have been many  spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually  extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked  on.

As I researched Scovell’s story I found far more of piterest besides of his  intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington’s headquarters and the  recognition given to him for his work were all bound up with the class politics  of the army at the time. His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a  fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that.  (50)Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain,  so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about  British society.

46. It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the  period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

47.It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French  Army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George  Scovell, an officer in British headquarters.

48.He could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may not have  contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything  much about the man himself.

49. There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the  Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they  actually provided or worked on.

50.Just as the code-breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for  Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes  about British society.