历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2004-2006)
- 第1页:2004.6-Passage Two
- 第2页:2004.6-Passage Three
- 第3页:2004.6-PassageFour
- 第4页:2005.1-Passage One
- 第5页:2005.1-Passage Two
- 第6页:2005.1-Passage Three
- 第7页:2005.1-Passage Four
- 第8页:2005.6-Passage 1
  Passage 3
  Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大�烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling� study published by Consumers International Friday.
  Among the report’s more outrageous (ä»¤äººæ— æ³•å®¹å¿�çš„) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendlyâ€� a brand of flour said it was “non-pollutingâ€� and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlierâ€�
  The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.
  “ While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,� said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.
  The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.
  The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.
  Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.
  “Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,� said report researcher Philip Page.
  “Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.� he said.
  The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly� and “non-polluting� cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.� said Page.
  31. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ________.
  A) all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards
  B) the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving
  C) consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claim
  D) few products actually prove to be environment friendly(B)
  32. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers ________.
  A) are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buy
  B) are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling
  C) are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environment
  D) still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment(D)
  33. A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to ________.
  A) find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards
  B) inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy
  C) examine claims made by products against ISO standards
  D) revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization(C)
  34. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?
  A) They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems.
  B) Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false.
  C) They could arouse widespread anger among consumer.
  D) Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need.(B)
  35. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ________.
  A) make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements
  B) see all household products meet environmental standards
  C) warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products
  D) verify the efforts of non-polluting products(A)
  这篇æ��料讲的是欧美国家日常用å“�上环ä¿�说明é�åˆ°æ»¥ç”¨çš„çŽ°è±¡ã€‚æ–‡ç« æ®µå��分精炼地交代了全篇所述的主è¦�内容:消费者æ£å�—到环ä¿�说明的困扰和误导(Consumers are being confused and misled by……environmental claims);å�Œæ—¶é€�露出这一内容的å�‘布æ�¥æº�ã€‚ä½™ä¸‹çš„å‡ æ®µå¯¹é¦–æ®µçš„è¯´æ³•è¿›è¡Œè¯¦ç»†äº†é˜�述。这ç§�金å—å¡”ç»“æž„å±žäºŽè‹±ç¾ŽæŠ¥åˆŠæ–‡ç« çš„å…¸åž‹ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚
ã€€ã€€ç¬¬äºŒæ®µä¸¾å‡ºäº†å‡ ä¸ªå®žä¾‹è¯´æ˜ŽçŽ¯ä¿�说明é�åˆ°æ»¥ç”¨çš„æƒ…å½¢ï¼Œä½¿äººå¯¹æ–‡ç« æ‰€è¿°æ ¸å¿ƒå†…å®¹æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªæ„Ÿæ€§çš„è®¤è¯†ã€‚ä¸€ä¸ªä¾‹å�是æŸ�德国肥料å�·ç§°å…·æœ‰â€œèš¯èš“å�‹å¥½æ€§â€�(a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendlyâ€�),还有æŸ�å“�牌é�¢ç²‰ä¹Ÿè‡ªç§°â€œä¸�会引起污染â€�(non-polluting),而一ç§�英国å�«ç”Ÿçº¸ä¹Ÿè‡ªè¯©â€œçŽ¯å¢ƒå�‹å¥½æ€§â€�(environmentally friendlier)。
ã€€ã€€ç¬¬ä¸‰æ®µæŒ‡å‡ºè¿›è¡Œè¿™ä¸€ç ”ç©¶çš„å�•ä½�:Britain’s National Consumer Councilï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†ä½“çŽ°ç ”ç©¶çš„æ�ƒå¨�性。而å�Žå�ˆè¯´æ˜Žäº†è¯¥ç ”究机构的资助机构:German and Dutch governments and the European Commission,å�³å¾·å›½ã€�è�·å…°æ”¿åºœå’Œæ¬§ç›Ÿæ‰§è¡Œå§”å‘˜ä¼šï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†è¯´æ˜Žè¯¥é¡¹ç ”ç©¶çš„ä¸ç«‹æ€§ï¼Œå¼ºè°ƒå…¶å�¯ä¿¡åº¦ã€‚
ã€€ã€€ç¬¬å››æ®µå¼•ç”¨ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜çš„è¯�ï¼Œå¯¹å…¶ç ”ç©¶å¯¹è±¡å�šå‡ºäº†æ€»ä½“评价:在告知顾客如何判æ–商å“�对环境的影å“�上,还有很长的路è¦�走(there is a long way to go in……)。之å�Žçš„å‡ æ®µæ��è¿°äº†ç ”ç©¶çš„ç»†èŠ‚ã€‚
ã€€ã€€ç¬¬äº”æ®µè¯´æ˜Žè¯¥ç ”ç©¶çš„è¦†ç›–èŒƒå›´ï¼ˆ10-country)以å�Šåˆ�æ¥ç»“论:德英两国的产å“�滥用环ä¿�说明的现象平å�‡å¤šã€‚ç¬¬å…æ®µè¯´æ˜Žå®žé™…ç ”ç©¶çš„ä¸»è¦�商å“�类别(洗涤剂ã€�æ�€è™«å‰‚å’Œå›è‰ºç”¨å“�ï¼‰ï¼Œå¹¶æŒ‡å‡ºç ”ç©¶çš„æ–¹å¼�是ä¸�å�šæµ‹è¯•ï¼Œè€Œå�ªæ˜¯å°†å…¶ä¸ŽISOçš„å•†æ ‡è¯´æ˜Žè¿›è¡Œæ¯”ç…§ï¼ˆdid not test the claims, but compared them to……)。下一段给出了比照结果:环ä¿�说明太过模糊ã€�误导性过强,达ä¸�到ISOæ ‡å‡†è¦�求(too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards)。
  éš�å�Žçš„两段分æž�了这些环ä¿�说明的实质,第八ã€�ä¹�æ®µå¼•ç”¨ç ”ç©¶å‘˜çš„è¯�指出许多环ä¿�è¯´æ˜Žç©ºæ— ä¸€ç‰©ï¼ˆthese symbols mean nothing),而环ä¿�说明的ç¹�æ�‚ä¹Ÿä½¿æ¶ˆè´¹è€…æ— æ³•åˆ¤æ–其真伪(very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading)。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µå€ŸPage之å�£é�“å‡ºäº†è¯¥é¡¹ç ”ç©¶çš„ç›®çš„ï¼šä¿ƒä½¿è·¨å›½å…¬å�¸è¾¾åˆ°ISOè¦�求(have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO)。
  31. B
  题目问NCCå�‘çŽ°ä¸‹åˆ—å“ªä¸€é¡¹æ˜¯æ— æ³•å®¹å¿�的。
  A,进行调查的所有产å“�都声称符å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ã€‚
  B,产�说明往往�糊其辞或欺骗消费者。
  C,消费者会把许多厂商的说明信以为真。
  D,很少有产�被实际�明其确实具有环境�好性。
  题目ä¸å‡ºçŽ°äº†å…³é”®ä¿¡æ�¯NCC(机构å��),å�Œæ—¶outrageous也是一个较为特别的è¯�,å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¼€å¤´å‡ å°�段ä¸å¯»æ‰¾è¿™ä¸¤ä¸ªè¯�。
  Outrageous在第二段就出现了:Among the report’s more outrageous findings。这个å�¥å�å�Žé�¢ä¾‹ä¸¾äº†outrageous的三ç§�情形,德国肥料自称具有蚯蚓å�‹å¥½æ€§ï¼Œä¸€ä¸ªé�¢ç²‰å“�ç‰Œè‡ªç§°æ— æ±¡æŸ“ï¼Œä¸€ç§�英国å�«ç”Ÿçº¸è‡ªç§°å…·æœ‰æ›´å¥½çš„环境å�‹å¥½æ€§ã€‚
  第三段å�¥è¯�出现了NCC,但仅仅是指明了上述的调查是由NCC实施的。由æ¤ä¾¿çŸ¥é�“äº†ç¬¬äºŒæ®µæ‰€è¿°çš„å‡ ç‚¹æ— æ³•å®¹å¿�çš„çŽ°è±¡æ£æ˜¯é¢˜ç›®æ‰€è¦�求的NCCè®¤ä¸ºæ— æ³•å®¹å¿�的现象。
  问题集ä¸åœ¨æ–‡ä¸ä¾‹å�¥çš„三个例å�åˆ°åº•åœ¨å“ªé‡Œä»¤äººæ— æ³•å®¹å¿�。å�¯ä»¥å…ˆå¯¹å�„选项进行ç›é€‰ã€‚å‰�ä¸‰æ®µä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��到有关ISOæ ‡å‡†çš„ä»»ä½•ä¿¡æ�¯ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ï¼Œæ ¹æ�®å››çº§å‡ºé¢˜è§„律,基本å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除A。Dæ��到了环境å�‹å¥½æ€§ï¼Œä½†æ–‡ç« å‰�三段没有指明这些声明到底有没有得到验è¯�,所以也å�¯ä»¥æŽ’é™¤ã€‚ç¬¬å…æ®µé‡Œæœ‰ä¸€å�¥è¯�:It did not test the claims,å�¯ä»¥ä½œä¸ºDä¸�æ£ç¡®çš„ä½�è¯�。
  Bå’ŒC都有一定é�“ç�†ã€‚其实仅从三个例å�还ä¸�能判æ–出它们在哪里令人ä¸�å�¯å®¹å¿�。ä¸�过段给了我们é‡�è¦�çš„æ��示。段开头所说Consumers are being confused and misled by具有总领å�¥çš„æ€§è´¨ï¼Œè¿™å�¥è¯�æ�°å¥½æ¦‚括出了三个例å�的本质问题:一是令消费者困惑(confused),一是误导消费者(misled)。这两点和B所说的unclearå’Œdeceivingæ�°å¥½ä¸€ä¸€å¯¹åº”。C的说法勉强å�¯ä»¥ç®—是misled的照应,但仅照应这一点ä¸�如Bæ›´åŠ å‡†ç¡®ã€‚
  32. D
  题目问é�¢å¯¹å¦‚æ¤ä¹‹å¤šè‡ªæˆ‘肯定的说明,消费者如何如何。
  A,消费者对å�³å°†è¦�è´ä¹°çš„产å“�æ›´åŠ è°¨æ…Žäº†ã€‚
  B,消费者ä¾�ç„¶ä¸�æ„¿æ„�多花钱è´ä¹°æœ‰ç»¿è‰²æ ‡å¿—的产å“�。
  Cï¼Œæ¶ˆè´¹è€…æ›´åŠ æ¸…æ¥šä¸�å�Œäº§å“�对环境的ä¸�å�Œå½±å“�。
  D,消费者�然�清楚��产�对环境的确切影�。
  这�题考查的是对第四段引�内的长�的�解。
  这段è¯�从总体结构上å�¯ä»¥åˆ†ä¸ºä¸¤ä¸ªéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œç”±while引导的从å�¥ä¸ºä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼šWhile many good and useful claims are being made,这里出现的good claimsæ�°å¥½ç…§åº”题目ä¸çš„good claims,å�¯ä»¥è¯�明本题确实考查的是这一å�¥è¯�。第二部分是主å�¥ï¼šit is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy;分æž�主å�¥çš„结构,it is clear……为层结构,æ„�æ€�是“显而易è§�的是â€�ï¼›there is a long way to go in ensuring为第二层结构,æ„�æ€�是“在ä¿�è¯�……上还有很长一段路è¦�èµ°â€�;其余部分为第三层结构,是“ä¿�è¯�â€�的内容,大æ„�为“顾客对所è´ä¹°çš„商å“�的环境影å“�有了充足的认识â€�。主å�¥å�„层结构串è�”下æ�¥çš„æ ¸å¿ƒæ„�æ€�就是:顾客对所è´ä¹°çš„商å“�的环境影å“�并没有充足的认识。对比四个选项,D的说法与æ¤ä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  33. C
  题目问NCCæ‰€å¼€å±•çš„ç ”ç©¶çš„ç›®çš„æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  A,调查有多少产å“�说明没有符å�ˆçŽ¯å¢ƒæ ‡å‡†ã€‚
  B,告知消费者其所è´å•†å“�的环境影å“�。
  C,检查产å“�说明是å�¦ç¬¦å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ã€‚
  D,修订由ISO设定的准则。
ã€€ã€€å› ä¸ºä¸Šä¸€é¢˜å·²ç»�è€ƒæŸ¥äº†ç¬¬å››æ®µï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥æœ¬é¢˜çš„ç”æ¡ˆå�¯ä»¥åœ¨ç¬¬äº”段和以å�Žçš„æ®µè�½åŽ»å¯»æ‰¾ã€‚
  第五段有两å�¥è¯�ï¼Œåˆ†åˆ«è®²çš„æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶çš„èŒƒå›´ï¼ˆ10ä¸ªå›½å®¶ï¼‰å’Œç ”ç©¶å�‘现(德国和英国的环境说明多),这两点都ä¸�æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶ç›®çš„ã€‚
  继ç»çœ‹ç¬¬å…段。这一段也有两å�¥è¯�,å�¥æŒ‡å‡ºç ”究报告的焦点集ä¸åœ¨å“ªäº›ç±»åˆ«çš„产å“�说明上(specific products),第二å�¥è®²åˆ°æŠ¥å‘Šæ²¡æœ‰éªŒè¯�这些说明的真实性(did not test the claims)——这就å�¦å®šäº†A——而是把这些说明和ISOå�‘布的指å�—è¿›è¡Œå¯¹æ¯”ã€‚è¿™åº”è¯¥å°±æ˜¯è¯¥é¡¹ç ”ç©¶çš„ç›®çš„æ‰€åœ¨ã€‚
  把å�„产å“�的环境说明和ISO指å�—进行对比,也就是看说明是å�¦ç¬¦å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ï¼Œå�¯ä»¥ç¡®å®šC是æ£ç¡®çš„。如果对C还没有å��足的信心,å�¯ä»¥ç»§ç»çœ‹ç¬¬ä¸ƒæ®µï¼šmany too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards,相对于ISOæ ‡å‡†æ�¥è¯´ï¼Œè®¸å¤šäº§å“�说明太过模糊,或有误导之嫌。这å�¥è¯�çš„æ„�æ€�就是许多说明ä¸�符å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ï¼Œç”±æ¤å�¯ä»¥æ–å®šè¯¥ç ”ç©¶çš„ç›®çš„å�³æ˜¯C所述的内容。
  B的说法属于产å“�环境说明本身的作用,Dä¸å‡ºçŽ°äº†guidelinesï¼Œæ˜¯è€ƒæŸ¥å¯¹ç¬¬å…æ®µå�Žä¸€å�¥è¯�çš„ç�†è§£ï¼Œä½†ä¸Žguidelines进行对比的目的显然ä¸�是为了修改,而是查看是å�¦ç›¸ç¬¦ã€‚对æ¤ï¼Œç¬¬ä¸ƒæ®µæœ‰ç�€æ¸…楚的æ��述:many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards,相对于ISOæ ‡å‡†æ�¥è¯´ï¼Œè®¸å¤šäº§å“�说明太过模糊,或有误导之嫌。
  34. B
  题目问家用产�的许多说明引�的�果之一是什么。
  A,这些说明�能会导致严�的环境问题。
  B,消费者很难从ä¸åˆ†è¾¨çœŸå�‡ã€‚
  Cï¼Œè¿™äº›è¯´æ˜Žä¼šåœ¨æ¶ˆè´¹è€…ä¸æ¿€èµ·å…¬æ„¤ã€‚
  D,消费者会被诱使è´ä¹°æœ¬ä¸�需è¦�的产å“�。
  题目里的关键è¯�是household products,倒数第二段出现了household这个è¯�,需è¦�é‡�点ç�†è§£æœ¬æ®µã€‚这一段先是举了三个例å�,指出环ä¿�说明多的三ç§�产å“�。这三ç§�产å“�分别是洗涤剂ã€�清æ´�剂和漆,都属于题目所说的household products。æ¤å�Žçš„一å�¥æ˜¯å¯¹è¿™ä¸‰ä¸ªä¾‹å�的评价:The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading,大æ„�是环ä¿�说明如æ¤ä¹‹å¤šï¼Œä»¥è‡³æ¶ˆè´¹è€…很难去伪å˜çœŸã€‚è¿™å�¥è¯�çš„æ„�æ€�å’ŒB的表述一致,å�¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©B。
  35. A
ã€€ã€€æœ¬é¢˜é—®ä»Žæ–‡ç« å�¯ä»¥æŽ¨è®ºå‡ºæ¸¸è¯´ç»„织“消费者国际â€�想è¦�……
  A,使产å“�æ ‡ç¾æ»¡è¶³ISOçš„è¦�求。
  B,看到所有的家åºç”¨å“�满足环ä¿�è¦�求。
  C,è¦å‘Šæ¶ˆè´¹è€…所谓绿色产å“�所å˜åœ¨çš„å�±é™©ã€‚
  Dï¼Œæ£€éªŒæ— æ±¡æŸ“äº§å“�的效果。
  Consumer International一è¯�å‡ºçŽ°åœ¨æ–‡ç« å‰�å�Šéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜å�šä¸ºå�Žä¸€é¢˜æœ‰å�¯èƒ½ä¼šè€ƒæŸ¥å…¨æ–‡å†…容。ä¸�过,观察四个选项,基本都与å�Žä¸€æ®µå†…容相关,所以å�¯ä»¥æ–定本题涉å�ŠèŒƒå›´ä»…é™�å�Žä¸€æ®µã€‚其实本题与33题é‡�å¤�,都是问目的。33é¢˜é—®çš„æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶ç›®çš„ï¼ˆç”æ¡ˆæ˜¯æ£€æŸ¥äº§å“�说明是å�¦ç¬¦å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ï¼‰ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜é—®çš„æ˜¯å�‘èµ·æ¤ç ”究的组织的目的,那自然与33é¢˜çš„ç”æ¡ˆä¸€è„‰ç›¸æ‰¿ï¼Œæ£€æŸ¥çš„目的自然是为了使其终符å�ˆè¦�求。A的说法是æ£ç¡®çš„。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µä¸ï¼Œterms such as “environmentally friendlyâ€� and “non-pollutingâ€� cannot be verified这一å�¥è¯´æ˜ŽçŽ¯å¢ƒå�‹å¥½æ€§ã€�æ— æ±¡æŸ“ç‰ç‰çޝä¿�è¯´æ˜Žæ˜¯æ— æ³•å¾—åˆ°éªŒè¯�的。既然如æ¤ï¼Œæ¸¸è¯´ç»„织å�‘èµ·æ¤é¡¹ç ”究的目的肯定ä¸�是为了所有的家åºç”¨å“�满足环ä¿�è¦�求,也ä¸�æ˜¯æ£€éªŒæ— æ±¡æŸ“äº§å“�的效果,å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除Bå’ŒD。至于Cï¼Œæ–‡ç« è®ºè¿°çš„æ˜¯çŽ¯ä¿�说明本身è¦�符å�ˆè¦�求的问题,å�ªæ¶‰å�Šæ ‡ç¾æ–‡å—,而与产å“�æœ¬èº«æ— å…³ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥C所说的绿色产å“�çš„å�±é™©å±žäºŽæ— ä¸ç”Ÿæœ‰ã€‚
  Consumers are being confused and misled by the hodge-podge (大�烩) of environmental claims made by household products, according to a “green labeling� study published by Consumers International Friday.
  Among the report’s more outrageous (ä»¤äººæ— æ³•å®¹å¿�çš„) findings-a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendlyâ€� a brand of flour said it was “non-pollutingâ€� and a British toilet paper claimed to be “environmentally friendlierâ€�
  The study was written and researched by Britain’s National Consumer Council (NCC) for lobby group Consumer International. It was funded by the German and Dutch governments and the European Commission.
  “ While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy,� said Consumers International director Anna Fielder.
  The 10-country study surveyed product packaging in Britain, Western Europe, Scandinavia and the United States. It found that products sold in Germany and the United Kingdom made the most environmental claims on average.
  The report focused on claims made by specific products, such as detergent (洗涤剂) insect sprays and by some garden products. It did not test the claims, but compared them to labeling guidelines set by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in September, 1999.
  Researchers documented claims of environmental friendliness made by about 2,000 products and found many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards.
  “Many products had specially-designed labels to make them seem environmentally friendly, but in fact many of these symbols mean nothing,� said report researcher Philip Page.
  “Laundry detergents made the most number of claims with 158. Household cleaners were second with 145 separate claims, while paints were third on our list with 73. The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading.� he said.
  The ISO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on product packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly� and “non-polluting� cannot be verified. “What we are now pushing for is to have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO.� said Page.
  31. According to the passage, the NCC found it outrageous that ________.
  A) all the products surveyed claim to meet ISO standards
  B) the claims made by products are often unclear or deceiving
  C) consumers would believe many of the manufactures’ claim
  D) few products actually prove to be environment friendly(B)
  32. As indicated in this passage, with so many good claims, the consumers ________.
  A) are becoming more cautious about the products they are going to buy
  B) are still not willing to pay more for products with green labeling
  C) are becoming more aware of the effects different products have on the environment
  D) still do not know the exact impact of different products on the environment(D)
  33. A study was carried out by Britain’s NCC to ________.
  A) find out how many claims made by products fail to meet environmental standards
  B) inform the consumers of the environmental impact of the products they buy
  C) examine claims made by products against ISO standards
  D) revise the guidelines set by the International Standards Organization(C)
  34. What is one of the consequences caused by the many claims of household products?
  A) They are likely to lead to serious environmental problems.
  B) Consumers find it difficult to tell the true from the false.
  C) They could arouse widespread anger among consumer.
  D) Consumers will be tempted to buy products they don’t need.(B)
  35. It can be inferred from the passage that the lobby group Consumer International wants to ________.
  A) make product labeling satisfy ISO requirements
  B) see all household products meet environmental standards
  C) warn consumers of the danger of so-called green products
  D) verify the efforts of non-polluting products(A)
  这篇æ��料讲的是欧美国家日常用å“�上环ä¿�说明é�åˆ°æ»¥ç”¨çš„çŽ°è±¡ã€‚æ–‡ç« æ®µå��分精炼地交代了全篇所述的主è¦�内容:消费者æ£å�—到环ä¿�说明的困扰和误导(Consumers are being confused and misled by……environmental claims);å�Œæ—¶é€�露出这一内容的å�‘布æ�¥æº�ã€‚ä½™ä¸‹çš„å‡ æ®µå¯¹é¦–æ®µçš„è¯´æ³•è¿›è¡Œè¯¦ç»†äº†é˜�述。这ç§�金å—å¡”ç»“æž„å±žäºŽè‹±ç¾ŽæŠ¥åˆŠæ–‡ç« çš„å…¸åž‹ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚
ã€€ã€€ç¬¬äºŒæ®µä¸¾å‡ºäº†å‡ ä¸ªå®žä¾‹è¯´æ˜ŽçŽ¯ä¿�说明é�åˆ°æ»¥ç”¨çš„æƒ…å½¢ï¼Œä½¿äººå¯¹æ–‡ç« æ‰€è¿°æ ¸å¿ƒå†…å®¹æœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªæ„Ÿæ€§çš„è®¤è¯†ã€‚ä¸€ä¸ªä¾‹å�是æŸ�德国肥料å�·ç§°å…·æœ‰â€œèš¯èš“å�‹å¥½æ€§â€�(a German fertilizer described itself as “earthworm friendlyâ€�),还有æŸ�å“�牌é�¢ç²‰ä¹Ÿè‡ªç§°â€œä¸�会引起污染â€�(non-polluting),而一ç§�英国å�«ç”Ÿçº¸ä¹Ÿè‡ªè¯©â€œçŽ¯å¢ƒå�‹å¥½æ€§â€�(environmentally friendlier)。
ã€€ã€€ç¬¬ä¸‰æ®µæŒ‡å‡ºè¿›è¡Œè¿™ä¸€ç ”ç©¶çš„å�•ä½�:Britain’s National Consumer Councilï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†ä½“çŽ°ç ”ç©¶çš„æ�ƒå¨�性。而å�Žå�ˆè¯´æ˜Žäº†è¯¥ç ”究机构的资助机构:German and Dutch governments and the European Commission,å�³å¾·å›½ã€�è�·å…°æ”¿åºœå’Œæ¬§ç›Ÿæ‰§è¡Œå§”å‘˜ä¼šï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†è¯´æ˜Žè¯¥é¡¹ç ”ç©¶çš„ä¸ç«‹æ€§ï¼Œå¼ºè°ƒå…¶å�¯ä¿¡åº¦ã€‚
ã€€ã€€ç¬¬å››æ®µå¼•ç”¨ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜çš„è¯�ï¼Œå¯¹å…¶ç ”ç©¶å¯¹è±¡å�šå‡ºäº†æ€»ä½“评价:在告知顾客如何判æ–商å“�对环境的影å“�上,还有很长的路è¦�走(there is a long way to go in……)。之å�Žçš„å‡ æ®µæ��è¿°äº†ç ”ç©¶çš„ç»†èŠ‚ã€‚
ã€€ã€€ç¬¬äº”æ®µè¯´æ˜Žè¯¥ç ”ç©¶çš„è¦†ç›–èŒƒå›´ï¼ˆ10-country)以å�Šåˆ�æ¥ç»“论:德英两国的产å“�滥用环ä¿�说明的现象平å�‡å¤šã€‚ç¬¬å…æ®µè¯´æ˜Žå®žé™…ç ”ç©¶çš„ä¸»è¦�商å“�类别(洗涤剂ã€�æ�€è™«å‰‚å’Œå›è‰ºç”¨å“�ï¼‰ï¼Œå¹¶æŒ‡å‡ºç ”ç©¶çš„æ–¹å¼�是ä¸�å�šæµ‹è¯•ï¼Œè€Œå�ªæ˜¯å°†å…¶ä¸ŽISOçš„å•†æ ‡è¯´æ˜Žè¿›è¡Œæ¯”ç…§ï¼ˆdid not test the claims, but compared them to……)。下一段给出了比照结果:环ä¿�说明太过模糊ã€�误导性过强,达ä¸�到ISOæ ‡å‡†è¦�求(too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards)。
  éš�å�Žçš„两段分æž�了这些环ä¿�说明的实质,第八ã€�ä¹�æ®µå¼•ç”¨ç ”ç©¶å‘˜çš„è¯�指出许多环ä¿�è¯´æ˜Žç©ºæ— ä¸€ç‰©ï¼ˆthese symbols mean nothing),而环ä¿�说明的ç¹�æ�‚ä¹Ÿä½¿æ¶ˆè´¹è€…æ— æ³•åˆ¤æ–其真伪(very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading)。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µå€ŸPage之å�£é�“å‡ºäº†è¯¥é¡¹ç ”ç©¶çš„ç›®çš„ï¼šä¿ƒä½¿è·¨å›½å…¬å�¸è¾¾åˆ°ISOè¦�求(have multinational corporations meet the standards set by the ISO)。
  31. B
  题目问NCCå�‘çŽ°ä¸‹åˆ—å“ªä¸€é¡¹æ˜¯æ— æ³•å®¹å¿�的。
  A,进行调查的所有产å“�都声称符å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ã€‚
  B,产�说明往往�糊其辞或欺骗消费者。
  C,消费者会把许多厂商的说明信以为真。
  D,很少有产�被实际�明其确实具有环境�好性。
  题目ä¸å‡ºçŽ°äº†å…³é”®ä¿¡æ�¯NCC(机构å��),å�Œæ—¶outrageous也是一个较为特别的è¯�,å�¯ä»¥åœ¨å¼€å¤´å‡ å°�段ä¸å¯»æ‰¾è¿™ä¸¤ä¸ªè¯�。
  Outrageous在第二段就出现了:Among the report’s more outrageous findings。这个å�¥å�å�Žé�¢ä¾‹ä¸¾äº†outrageous的三ç§�情形,德国肥料自称具有蚯蚓å�‹å¥½æ€§ï¼Œä¸€ä¸ªé�¢ç²‰å“�ç‰Œè‡ªç§°æ— æ±¡æŸ“ï¼Œä¸€ç§�英国å�«ç”Ÿçº¸è‡ªç§°å…·æœ‰æ›´å¥½çš„环境å�‹å¥½æ€§ã€‚
  第三段å�¥è¯�出现了NCC,但仅仅是指明了上述的调查是由NCC实施的。由æ¤ä¾¿çŸ¥é�“äº†ç¬¬äºŒæ®µæ‰€è¿°çš„å‡ ç‚¹æ— æ³•å®¹å¿�çš„çŽ°è±¡æ£æ˜¯é¢˜ç›®æ‰€è¦�求的NCCè®¤ä¸ºæ— æ³•å®¹å¿�的现象。
  问题集ä¸åœ¨æ–‡ä¸ä¾‹å�¥çš„三个例å�åˆ°åº•åœ¨å“ªé‡Œä»¤äººæ— æ³•å®¹å¿�。å�¯ä»¥å…ˆå¯¹å�„选项进行ç›é€‰ã€‚å‰�ä¸‰æ®µä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��到有关ISOæ ‡å‡†çš„ä»»ä½•ä¿¡æ�¯ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ï¼Œæ ¹æ�®å››çº§å‡ºé¢˜è§„律,基本å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除A。Dæ��到了环境å�‹å¥½æ€§ï¼Œä½†æ–‡ç« å‰�三段没有指明这些声明到底有没有得到验è¯�,所以也å�¯ä»¥æŽ’é™¤ã€‚ç¬¬å…æ®µé‡Œæœ‰ä¸€å�¥è¯�:It did not test the claims,å�¯ä»¥ä½œä¸ºDä¸�æ£ç¡®çš„ä½�è¯�。
  Bå’ŒC都有一定é�“ç�†ã€‚其实仅从三个例å�还ä¸�能判æ–出它们在哪里令人ä¸�å�¯å®¹å¿�。ä¸�过段给了我们é‡�è¦�çš„æ��示。段开头所说Consumers are being confused and misled by具有总领å�¥çš„æ€§è´¨ï¼Œè¿™å�¥è¯�æ�°å¥½æ¦‚括出了三个例å�的本质问题:一是令消费者困惑(confused),一是误导消费者(misled)。这两点和B所说的unclearå’Œdeceivingæ�°å¥½ä¸€ä¸€å¯¹åº”。C的说法勉强å�¯ä»¥ç®—是misled的照应,但仅照应这一点ä¸�如Bæ›´åŠ å‡†ç¡®ã€‚
  32. D
  题目问é�¢å¯¹å¦‚æ¤ä¹‹å¤šè‡ªæˆ‘肯定的说明,消费者如何如何。
  A,消费者对å�³å°†è¦�è´ä¹°çš„产å“�æ›´åŠ è°¨æ…Žäº†ã€‚
  B,消费者ä¾�ç„¶ä¸�æ„¿æ„�多花钱è´ä¹°æœ‰ç»¿è‰²æ ‡å¿—的产å“�。
  Cï¼Œæ¶ˆè´¹è€…æ›´åŠ æ¸…æ¥šä¸�å�Œäº§å“�对环境的ä¸�å�Œå½±å“�。
  D,消费者�然�清楚��产�对环境的确切影�。
  这�题考查的是对第四段引�内的长�的�解。
  这段è¯�从总体结构上å�¯ä»¥åˆ†ä¸ºä¸¤ä¸ªéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œç”±while引导的从å�¥ä¸ºä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼šWhile many good and useful claims are being made,这里出现的good claimsæ�°å¥½ç…§åº”题目ä¸çš„good claims,å�¯ä»¥è¯�明本题确实考查的是这一å�¥è¯�。第二部分是主å�¥ï¼šit is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of products they buy;分æž�主å�¥çš„结构,it is clear……为层结构,æ„�æ€�是“显而易è§�的是â€�ï¼›there is a long way to go in ensuring为第二层结构,æ„�æ€�是“在ä¿�è¯�……上还有很长一段路è¦�èµ°â€�;其余部分为第三层结构,是“ä¿�è¯�â€�的内容,大æ„�为“顾客对所è´ä¹°çš„商å“�的环境影å“�有了充足的认识â€�。主å�¥å�„层结构串è�”下æ�¥çš„æ ¸å¿ƒæ„�æ€�就是:顾客对所è´ä¹°çš„商å“�的环境影å“�并没有充足的认识。对比四个选项,D的说法与æ¤ä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  33. C
  题目问NCCæ‰€å¼€å±•çš„ç ”ç©¶çš„ç›®çš„æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  A,调查有多少产å“�说明没有符å�ˆçŽ¯å¢ƒæ ‡å‡†ã€‚
  B,告知消费者其所è´å•†å“�的环境影å“�。
  C,检查产å“�说明是å�¦ç¬¦å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ã€‚
  D,修订由ISO设定的准则。
ã€€ã€€å› ä¸ºä¸Šä¸€é¢˜å·²ç»�è€ƒæŸ¥äº†ç¬¬å››æ®µï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥æœ¬é¢˜çš„ç”æ¡ˆå�¯ä»¥åœ¨ç¬¬äº”段和以å�Žçš„æ®µè�½åŽ»å¯»æ‰¾ã€‚
  第五段有两å�¥è¯�ï¼Œåˆ†åˆ«è®²çš„æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶çš„èŒƒå›´ï¼ˆ10ä¸ªå›½å®¶ï¼‰å’Œç ”ç©¶å�‘现(德国和英国的环境说明多),这两点都ä¸�æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶ç›®çš„ã€‚
  继ç»çœ‹ç¬¬å…段。这一段也有两å�¥è¯�,å�¥æŒ‡å‡ºç ”究报告的焦点集ä¸åœ¨å“ªäº›ç±»åˆ«çš„产å“�说明上(specific products),第二å�¥è®²åˆ°æŠ¥å‘Šæ²¡æœ‰éªŒè¯�这些说明的真实性(did not test the claims)——这就å�¦å®šäº†A——而是把这些说明和ISOå�‘布的指å�—è¿›è¡Œå¯¹æ¯”ã€‚è¿™åº”è¯¥å°±æ˜¯è¯¥é¡¹ç ”ç©¶çš„ç›®çš„æ‰€åœ¨ã€‚
  把å�„产å“�的环境说明和ISO指å�—进行对比,也就是看说明是å�¦ç¬¦å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ï¼Œå�¯ä»¥ç¡®å®šC是æ£ç¡®çš„。如果对C还没有å��足的信心,å�¯ä»¥ç»§ç»çœ‹ç¬¬ä¸ƒæ®µï¼šmany too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards,相对于ISOæ ‡å‡†æ�¥è¯´ï¼Œè®¸å¤šäº§å“�说明太过模糊,或有误导之嫌。这å�¥è¯�çš„æ„�æ€�就是许多说明ä¸�符å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ï¼Œç”±æ¤å�¯ä»¥æ–å®šè¯¥ç ”ç©¶çš„ç›®çš„å�³æ˜¯C所述的内容。
  B的说法属于产å“�环境说明本身的作用,Dä¸å‡ºçŽ°äº†guidelinesï¼Œæ˜¯è€ƒæŸ¥å¯¹ç¬¬å…æ®µå�Žä¸€å�¥è¯�çš„ç�†è§£ï¼Œä½†ä¸Žguidelines进行对比的目的显然ä¸�是为了修改,而是查看是å�¦ç›¸ç¬¦ã€‚对æ¤ï¼Œç¬¬ä¸ƒæ®µæœ‰ç�€æ¸…楚的æ��述:many too vague or too misleading to meet ISO standards,相对于ISOæ ‡å‡†æ�¥è¯´ï¼Œè®¸å¤šäº§å“�说明太过模糊,或有误导之嫌。
  34. B
  题目问家用产�的许多说明引�的�果之一是什么。
  A,这些说明�能会导致严�的环境问题。
  B,消费者很难从ä¸åˆ†è¾¨çœŸå�‡ã€‚
  Cï¼Œè¿™äº›è¯´æ˜Žä¼šåœ¨æ¶ˆè´¹è€…ä¸æ¿€èµ·å…¬æ„¤ã€‚
  D,消费者会被诱使è´ä¹°æœ¬ä¸�需è¦�的产å“�。
  题目里的关键è¯�是household products,倒数第二段出现了household这个è¯�,需è¦�é‡�点ç�†è§£æœ¬æ®µã€‚这一段先是举了三个例å�,指出环ä¿�说明多的三ç§�产å“�。这三ç§�产å“�分别是洗涤剂ã€�清æ´�剂和漆,都属于题目所说的household products。æ¤å�Žçš„一å�¥æ˜¯å¯¹è¿™ä¸‰ä¸ªä¾‹å�的评价:The high numbers show how very confusing it must be for consumers to sort the true from the misleading,大æ„�是环ä¿�说明如æ¤ä¹‹å¤šï¼Œä»¥è‡³æ¶ˆè´¹è€…很难去伪å˜çœŸã€‚è¿™å�¥è¯�çš„æ„�æ€�å’ŒB的表述一致,å�¯ä»¥é€‰æ‹©B。
  35. A
ã€€ã€€æœ¬é¢˜é—®ä»Žæ–‡ç« å�¯ä»¥æŽ¨è®ºå‡ºæ¸¸è¯´ç»„织“消费者国际â€�想è¦�……
  A,使产å“�æ ‡ç¾æ»¡è¶³ISOçš„è¦�求。
  B,看到所有的家åºç”¨å“�满足环ä¿�è¦�求。
  C,è¦å‘Šæ¶ˆè´¹è€…所谓绿色产å“�所å˜åœ¨çš„å�±é™©ã€‚
  Dï¼Œæ£€éªŒæ— æ±¡æŸ“äº§å“�的效果。
  Consumer International一è¯�å‡ºçŽ°åœ¨æ–‡ç« å‰�å�Šéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜å�šä¸ºå�Žä¸€é¢˜æœ‰å�¯èƒ½ä¼šè€ƒæŸ¥å…¨æ–‡å†…容。ä¸�过,观察四个选项,基本都与å�Žä¸€æ®µå†…容相关,所以å�¯ä»¥æ–定本题涉å�ŠèŒƒå›´ä»…é™�å�Žä¸€æ®µã€‚其实本题与33题é‡�å¤�,都是问目的。33é¢˜é—®çš„æ˜¯ç ”ç©¶ç›®çš„ï¼ˆç”æ¡ˆæ˜¯æ£€æŸ¥äº§å“�说明是å�¦ç¬¦å�ˆISOæ ‡å‡†ï¼‰ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜é—®çš„æ˜¯å�‘èµ·æ¤ç ”究的组织的目的,那自然与33é¢˜çš„ç”æ¡ˆä¸€è„‰ç›¸æ‰¿ï¼Œæ£€æŸ¥çš„目的自然是为了使其终符å�ˆè¦�求。A的说法是æ£ç¡®çš„。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µä¸ï¼Œterms such as “environmentally friendlyâ€� and “non-pollutingâ€� cannot be verified这一å�¥è¯´æ˜ŽçŽ¯å¢ƒå�‹å¥½æ€§ã€�æ— æ±¡æŸ“ç‰ç‰çޝä¿�è¯´æ˜Žæ˜¯æ— æ³•å¾—åˆ°éªŒè¯�的。既然如æ¤ï¼Œæ¸¸è¯´ç»„织å�‘èµ·æ¤é¡¹ç ”究的目的肯定ä¸�是为了所有的家åºç”¨å“�满足环ä¿�è¦�求,也ä¸�æ˜¯æ£€éªŒæ— æ±¡æŸ“äº§å“�的效果,å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除Bå’ŒD。至于Cï¼Œæ–‡ç« è®ºè¿°çš„æ˜¯çŽ¯ä¿�说明本身è¦�符å�ˆè¦�求的问题,å�ªæ¶‰å�Šæ ‡ç¾æ–‡å—,而与产å“�æœ¬èº«æ— å…³ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥C所说的绿色产å“�çš„å�±é™©å±žäºŽæ— ä¸ç”Ÿæœ‰ã€‚
  çƒé—¨æŽ¨è��:
  历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2002-2004)
  2011å¹´12月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
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