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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2004-2006)

  2005.1
  Passage One
  Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
  Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu (�感) may make a difference in how long the misery lasts.
  The American Lung Association (ALA) has issued new guidelines on combating colds and the flu, and one of the keys is being able to quickly tell the two apart. That’s because the prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over-the-counter remedy, the sooner relief will come.
  The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses—flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine (疫苗), which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.
  But if the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.
  Cold symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose and scratchy throat typically develop gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and chills, sore throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more severe than cold symptoms.
  The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when infants and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.
  Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with over-the-counter medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome (综�症),a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system.
  There is, of course, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the likelihood of catching one.
  11. According to the author, knowing the cause of the misery will help ________.
  A) shorten the duration of the illness
  B) the patient buy medicine over the counter
  C) the patient obtain cheaper prescription drugs
  D) prevent people from catching colds and the flu(A)
  12. We learn from the passage that ________.
  A) one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flu
  B) aspirin should not be included in over-the-counter medicines for the flu
  C) delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous system
  D) over-the-counter drugs can be taken to ease the misery caused by a cold or the flu(D)
  13. According to the passage, to combat the flu effectively, ________.
  A) one should identify the virus which causes it
  B) one should consult a doctor as soon as possible
  C) one should take medicine upon catching the disease
  D) one should remain alert when the disease is spreading(C)
  14. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?
  A) A stuffy nose.
  B) A high temperature.
  C) A sore throat.
  D) A dry cough.(B)
  15. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ________.
  A) are advised not to give them aspirin
  B) should watch out for signs of Reye syndrome
  C) are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccination
  D) should prevent them from mixing with people running a fever(A)
  这篇文章讲的是应该如何区别对待感冒和�感。因为文章旨在�普通民众传播医疗知识,所以��造�较为简易,结构清晰易辨,�解的难度�大。
  文章开篇指出两点,一是感冒与�感有很多相似的症状(Scratchy throats, stuffy noses and body aches all spell misery),二是应当学会区分感冒和�感(may make a difference)。这两点也是文章所述内容的纲领,�者是论述的侧�点。
  第二段引用医疗��ALA的指导原则,指出区分普通感冒与�感的原因所在:辨别出是哪�疾病��以立�进行相应的治疗。对于�感�说,�马上把医生的�方付诸实施(prescription drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon);对感冒�说,则�立��用�处方�(starts taking over-the-counter remedy)。
  接下�的几段从致病�因�预防手段�症状等方�介�了感冒与�感的区别。
  第三段讲述了二者的致病因素,感冒�于二百多�病毒,而�感�于三�病毒。作者附带讲到�感的预防方法:接�疫苗(the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine)。而普通感冒的预防方法则跳到了�一段:frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact,勤洗手,�与感冒病人密切接触。
  四�五�六段介�了感冒与�感在症状上的区别。第四段�起了承上�下的作用,第五段详细讲解了二者的区别。第六段则指出一个特例:婴幼儿和学龄�儿童的�感症状�易辨认。
  第七段讲的是治疗方法,��说明了治疗�忌:少年儿童�宜�用阿�匹林(should not take aspirin for pain relief)。
  11. A
  这�题问根�作者的说法,了解病痛的�因将会有助于什么。
  A,有助于缩短病情延续的时间。
  B,有助于病人购买�处方�。
  C,有助于病人获得更为便宜的处方�。
  D,有助于预防感冒和�感。
  题目中的关键信�是cause和help,题的答案无疑应该去段寻找,但鉴于段比较短,�能需�查看第二段的内容。
  段�有一��,�以�现有but一�,�以判断but���为一个完整的��,二者关系为转折。���中出现了cause一�,����解这���的��。Being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the misery lasts,这��的主语是Being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu:如能知�引�病痛的是感冒还是�感;may make a difference in how long the misery lasts, �能会使病痛�续的时间长短有所��。使病痛�续时间长短有所��,到底是指�长还是�短呢?很�能是�短。�看第二段。第二段分别为感冒和�感举例,指 出�时了解这两�病痛�因�,�以�早获得医生的处方或�早去购买�处方�。两�情况的结果是一样的:�早采�正确的治疗方法��早���康(the sooner relief will come)。
  第二段澄清了段中的�糊说法,make a difference in how long the misery lasts�为了the sooner relief will come,A的说法与此一致。
  12. D
  题目问我们能从文章中获知什么。
  A,一个人如果患上感冒或�感,�需���。
  B,阿�匹林�应作为治疗�感的�处方�。
  C,延误�感治疗会�害��和中枢神�系统。
  D,�处方��以用�缓解由感冒或�感引起的病痛。
  首先看到这是一�推�题,推�题的一般方法是排除法,了解�个选项的内容�,到文中去寻找相关的��,判断选项的说法是�正确。
  A的说法在文中找�到,�过有内容�以�定它的说法:第二段第二��明确说到,如果一个人患上�感应该尽早�用医生的处方�。
  和B有关的内容在倒数第二段。这一段首先指出�感和感冒都�以由�处方��缓解其症状(can be eased with over-the-counter medications),而��补充说明少年儿童�应�用阿�匹林。首先�以判断阿�匹林属于�处方�,其次�以推�出�是少年儿童的人们�以�用阿�匹林�治疗感冒或�感。所以B�对。
  C的说法也和倒数第二段有关。第二段第二��到少年儿童�用阿�匹林会引�一�疾病:Reye syndrome。这�疾病的特点是a rare but serious condition of the liver and central nervous system。��对��和中枢神�系统的�害是由�用阿�匹林引起的,而�是延误治疗引起的。
  D的说法�好符�倒数第二段��表达的��。
  13. C
  题目问根�文中所述,�想有效对抗�感,应该……
  A,首先确定是由哪�病毒引起的。
  B,应该尽快咨询医生。
  C,感染�感�应该立���。
  D,�感传播期间,应该��警惕。
  四个选项在文章中都�以找到相关的内容。
  A,文中第二段��指出�对抗感冒和�感,其中关键一点是能够迅速把二者区分开�。而�第三段分�了导致�感和感冒的病毒的��之处,这也是A说法的��点。但根�第四段的�述�以知�,通常辨别�感和感冒的方法�是通过病毒,而是从症状上进行区分。所以A的说法�对。
  第二段第二��说明了为什么需�迅速把感冒和�感区分开�——因为患上�感�需�立��用处方�,这是C说法的��点。�外,处方�必然是由医生开出的,�想立��用处方�,必须首先咨询医生,这勉强算是B说法的一个��点。但这一说法没有在文中直接给出,而C是直接给出的,所以相对�说,C比B更接近答案。�外从逻辑角度分�,能够直接对抗疾病的应该是�物,而�是咨询医生,在咨询医生�,也终��实到��上�。
  �外B说法的一个比较明显的��点是在倒数第三段:It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms,这里的��是说,在�能判断孩�的症状为�感还是感冒时,应该�医生咨询。��咨询医生的目的是分辨�感和感冒,和有效对抗�感尚有一 段�离,至少�如��更为�适。
  �一段讲到预防感冒的好方法是勤洗手和�与病人密切接触,这应该是D所谓的remain alert的实际�法。但这�方法是用�预防感冒,而�是�感。所以D�对。
  14. B
  题目问下列哪�症状�以区分�感和感冒。
  A,鼻塞。
  B,高烧。
  C,喉咙酸痛。
  D,干咳。
  对�感和感冒症状的分�是在第五段。��首先介�了感冒的症状,其中包括鼻塞��鼻涕�喉咙痒等等,而�指出感冒症状中通常没有�烧(do not get a fever)。第二��指出�感的典型特点之一是�烧(fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu)。从一二�的对比�以看出,�烧与�是区别�感和感冒的关键因素。本题选择B。
  15. A
  题目问儿童出现了疑似�感的症状,父�们如何如何。
  A,建议��给孩��用阿�匹林。
  B,应该注�观察有没有Reye综�症的迹象。
  C,鼓励父�们带孩�去医院接�疫苗注射。
  D,应该防止使他们和�烧人群接触。
  这�题出现了一�关键信�,也就是children。文章�到children是在倒数第二�三段,倒数第三段讲到儿童症状�易区分是感冒和�感,应该�医生咨询。倒数第二段讲到儿童�应�用阿�匹林�缓解感冒或�感症状,�则会导致Reye综�症。
  A的说法符�倒数第二段的内容,是正确的。
  B�到了Reye综�症,但�解children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrom这���,�以明白这�综�症是�用阿�匹林的�果,父�们�注�的是�给孩��用阿�匹林,而�是等�去观察综�症的症状。
  至于C,文章第三段�到了疫苗:the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine。从这���知疫苗是用�预防(prevented)�感的,而题目所�求的是儿童出现了症状以�如何如何,所以C的说法和题��符。
  D所称的“和�烧人群接触�应该和�一段的内容有关,如�一段�到的avoiding close contact with people who have colds。�过这一段开头一�已�说明本段讨论的感冒问题,而�是�感,所以�符�题�。

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