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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2004-2006)

  Passage Four
  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
  Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light� beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.
  In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts: for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry (�甜饼). Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,� says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.
  Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.
  If you have been sedentary (�少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.
  26. What is said about the average American in the passage?
  A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “light� beer.
  B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.
  C) They prefer “light� beer and low-calorie bread to other drinks and food.
  D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight.(B)
  27. Some people dislike exercise because ________.
  A) they think it is physically exhausting
  B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet
  C) they don’t think it possible to walk 3 miles every day
  D) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome(B)
  28. “Even exercise professionals concede half a point here� (Line 3, Para. 2) means “They ________�.
  A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off by exercise
  B) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction
  C) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one’s new weight
  D) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight(B)
  29. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center’s study?
  A) Controlling one’s calorie intake is more important than doing exercise.
  B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight.
  C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise.
  D) One could lose ten pounds in a year’s time if there’s no increase in food intake.(C)
  30. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
  A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.
  B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
  C) To support the statement made by York Onnen.
  D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.(D)
  本文讲的是身体锻炼在�肥中的作用。全部�料共四个段�,�论述��方�的内容。�两段�以作为一个整体,主�讲许多人在�肥时�节食�锻炼的事实( 段)和原因(第二段);�两段也�以�为一个整体,主�论述�料的核心观点:体育锻炼对�肥的��性,第三段从正�强调了这一观点,�一段以走路为例对 这一观点�了支�。
  段指出了许多�肥中的美国人对体育锻炼�够�视的事实,引出�料的论题。��实际上就已��出了文章的中心论点:锻炼是对长期��体�起积�作用的少有因素之一(Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight),�是文章没有马上对这个观点进行正�论述,而是先列出美国人普�存在的�锻炼现象,以�托正。这里需�注�几点信�,一是锻炼对�肥的帮助体现在较长时期上,�一段的例�也是围绕这一信�的。二是这里讨论的锻炼�针对于�视节食的�肥人群,�是普通人。
  第二段解释了�肥人群��视身体锻炼的原因。作者用数�说�:精神抖擞地步行3英里��消耗掉一个�甜饼的热�——275�路里(briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories)。而�用专业人士的��以总结:身体锻炼费力�讨好(a very tough way to lose weight)。
  �二段从正�对身体锻炼在�肥中的作用�了论述。作者引用波士顿大学医疗中心的研究�果,指出�锻炼的人的体�多数会�弹(those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight),而锻炼的人则�会(those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight)。然�以走路为例�人们说明身体锻炼确实对�肥有所帮助。
  26. B
  本题问�料中关于一般美国人有何说法。
  A,他们倾�于夸大淡爽啤酒的�康作用。
  B,他们通常忽视身体锻炼在�肥上的作用。
  C,与其他饮料和食�相比,他们更喜欢淡爽啤酒和低�路里的�包。
  D,他们知�哪�因素在�肥中扮演了积�的角色。
  这�题的题干看似�分宽泛,需�读完一定的段��综�考虑�能解答,但实际上并���,�是对��的考查而已。因为这是�题,它的答案��到段的��部分寻找就�以了。题目中的关键�是average American,在段中�到这个�的一�是——that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light� beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion。这里的that message(那一信�)肯定应该在�一�,也就是Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight.(锻炼是对长期��体�起积�作用的少有因素之一)。�组has not gotten through to指的是“在……中并��行�,这里的��就是那一信�对于一般美国人�说并没有�到�视。
  Who引导了一个从�,是对一般美国人的�述。这里使用了would rather ……than(��,也�)�型,��是美国人��把兴趣投�淡爽啤酒和低�路里�包,也�增加身体锻炼。
  四个选项中,B的��很显然符�文�。A的说法在这个��中没有给出,C的说法应该把其他饮料和食�改�“身体锻炼�,D的说法与B正好相�。
  27. B
  题目问有些人�喜欢锻炼身体是因为什么。
  A,他们认为锻炼太耗费体力。
  B,他们�现节食的�时进行锻炼太辛苦了。
  C,他们认为�天步行3英里是��能实现的。
  D,他们�现�考�路里消耗表�常麻烦。
  �料内第二段专门对有些人�喜欢锻炼的原因进行了说明。主�有二��。�:some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts,这��的��是“�路里消耗表会使有些人�常泄气�,��给出了原因,�锻炼消耗的�路里太少。由此看�,并�是他们觉得�考�路里消耗表麻烦,D的说法�对。第二�借专业人士之�说出了原因:Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight。Tough这个�强调艰苦�艰难性,也就是说用锻炼��肥太过于艰难了。与��消耗�路里的说法结�起�就是:因为锻炼消耗的�路里�常少,所以�想�肥的�,锻炼的投入��常大�能起到效果。这样B就是对的。如果问“节食的�时�在第二段没有�到,�以�看段的末尾一�: fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.这里的��是试图�肥的人很少会有把节食和�动结�起�的。�中的with their diet无疑是对B中on a diet的照应。
  A的说法也�对,如果锻炼如此耗费体力,那么它的效果一定就会�常明显了,相信人们就会趋之若鹜了。实际情况与此相�,锻炼消耗的�路里�常少。C的说法在�料里�能体现。
  28. A
  题目问Even exercise professionals concede half a point here这��是什么��。
  这�题考查的是对��的�解,必须把��放在上下文环境中�解。
  第二段讲的是有些人�愿�锻炼身体�肥的原因。在这个����的一�在第二题中已��了分�,��是�路里消耗表会使有些人�常泄气,因为步行3英里仅仅消耗275�路里的能�。暗�锻炼身体费力�讨好的��。这个����引用了专业人士的�,应该是对这一��的具体说明。
  ��分�这个��。Even,甚至;exercise professionals是�动专家;concede��是acknowledge, often reluctantly,�勉强承认;half a point,这里有一���是对的,实际上并���是一�的��,笼统指有一定的��;here,应该指的是“锻炼身体实际上对于�肥�说费力�讨好�这个观点——�动专家为了自己的利益,当然是�力支��动的好处的,那么使他们勉强承认的东西自然是有�他们利益的, “锻炼身体实际上对于�肥�说费力�讨好�这个观点��有�于他们的利益。
  A,他们承认一���饼中的�路里通过锻炼消耗掉是困难的。“一���饼中的�路里通过锻炼消耗掉是困难的�这��是用�支�“锻炼身体实际上对于�肥�说费力�讨好�这个观点的,所以他们�以说是承认“一���饼中的�路里通过锻炼消耗掉是困难的�这��有一定的��。A的说法正确。
  B,他们部分地认为节食在�肥中起到了支撑作用。��已�分�过,�动专家承认的是�动本身的一些局�性,他们没有对节食的作用�出任何观点。或许�动本身的局�性�以�衬出节食的支撑作用,但文中没有明确,�能生造。
  C,他们并�完全相信节食能够帮助����肥过的体�。这是��两段的内容。
  D,他们并未充分认识到锻炼在�肥中的积�作用。对于锻炼在�肥中的积�作用,应该�会有人比�动专家更清楚了。D的说法完全错误。
  29. C
  题目问波士顿大学医疗中心的研究验�了什么。
  A,控制�路里摄入比身体锻炼更为��。
  B,�便是�尔锻炼一次对�肥也是有帮助的。
  C,�锻炼而实现�肥是��能的。
  D,如果没有在食物摄入�上的增加,一个人能够在一年内�轻�磅。
  第三段对波士顿大学医疗中心的研究�了�述,其中直接出现了confirm一�,验�的内容是:those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight,那些节食而�锻炼的人几乎全部�弹到原�的体�,而那些把锻炼身体列入日常项目的人则���了�肥�的体�。
  从这���能判断出控制�路里摄入是�比身体锻炼更��,因为有�能锻炼而�节食的人,其�肥效果也�明显。A�对。
  从这��也�能推出B的说法,�外B的说法本身也是�对的,从第四段的例��看,�尔一次锻炼对�肥没有帮助,必须长期��锻炼�有效果(文中�到的期�是一年)。
  C的说法正确。节食而�锻炼的人几乎全部�弹到原�的体�,说明�锻炼的�根本无法实现�肥这个目的,almost强调这一现象涵盖几乎所有人,具有一般性。
  D是第四段所举的例�中�到的内容,与该中心的研究无关。
  30. D
  题目问作者写作这篇文章的目的是什么。
  A,�明波士顿大学医疗中心的研究是正确的。
  B,强调���适体�的��性。
  C,支�York Onnen的言论。
  D,�人讲述有效的�肥方法。
  从��的分��知,这篇文章主�讲的是身体锻炼在�肥中的��性,A和C�到的人物和机构都�是作者用�支撑这一观点的论�而已,�以首先排除。B的说法也是明显错误的,文章讲的是如何���适的体�,而�是在强调其��性。这样�必看D就�以直接选择了。作者强调了身体锻炼在�肥中的��性,�人们说明在节食的�时�加体育锻炼,这�以说是介�了一�的�肥方法。

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