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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2004-2006)

  Passage One
  Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
  Reaching new peaks of popularity in North America is Iceberg Water, which is harvested from icebergs off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.
  Arthur von Wiesenberger, who carries the title Water Master, is one of the few water critics in North America. As a boy, he spent time in the larger cities of Italy, France and Switzerland, where bottled water is consumed daily. Even then, he kept a water journal, noting the brands he liked best. “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,� He says.
  But is plain tap water all that bad? Not at all. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.
  Nevertheless, soft-drink companies view bottled water as the next battle-ground for market share—this despite the fact that over 25 percent of bottled water comes from tap water: PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani are both purified tap water rather than spring water.
  As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate (垂涎) over the profits. A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care.
  As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.
  Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.
  注�:此部分试题请在答题�2上作答。
  57. What do we know about Iceberg Water from the passage?
  A) It is a kind of iced water.
  B) It is just plain tap water.
  C) It is a kind of bottled water.
  D) It is a kind of mineral water.(C)
  58. By saying “My dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water� (Line 4 Para. 2), von Wiesenberger wants to convey the message that ________.
  A) plain tap water is certainly unfit for drinking
  B) bottled water is clearly superior to tap water
  C) bottled water often appeals more to dogs taste
  D) dogs can usually detect a fine difference in taste(B)
  59. The “fancier brands� (Line 3 Para. 5) refers to ________.
  A) tap water from the Thames River
  B) famous wines not sold in ordinary stores
  C) PepsiCo’s Aquafina and Coca-Cola’s Dasani
  D) expensive bottled water with impressive names(D)
  60. Why are some restaurants turning up the pressure to sell bottled water?
  A) Bottled water brings in huge profits.
  B) Competition from the wine industry is intense.
  C) Most diners find bottled water affordable.
  D) Bottled water satisfied diners’ desire to fashionable.(A)
  61. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?
  A) It is much cheaper than wine.
  B) It is considered healthier.
  C) It appeals to more cultivated people.
  D) It is more widely promoted in the market.(B)
  这篇文章分�了瓶装水在北美�分�行的原因。
  文章开篇引题,以Iceberg Water为例,说明了瓶装水在北美的�热�行程度,为�文分�其�行的原因�好铺垫。段�有一��,作者把reach谓语��,使用倒装结构对Iceberg Water达到�行顶点这一事实进行强调,这样Iceberg Water置于�末,借以使用��制性定语从�对这�瓶装水的��进行�述。
  第二段马上指出了瓶装水�行的原因,但这是借一�瓶装水专家之��指出媒体普�的观点:my dog could tell the difference between bottled and tap water,�义是瓶装水明显优于自�水。
  第二段的作用无疑是竖��以备批驳,第三段紧接�对这�观点进行了分�,并用�自泰晤士河的自�水比几�瓶装水�感更佳为例进行了�驳。
  在接下�的四段中,作者具体分�了瓶装水�行的真正原因。第四段有承上�下的作用,把百事和����公�作为例�,既以两家公�的瓶装水25%��于自�水的事实继续�驳瓶装水优于自�水的观点,�以两家公�对瓶装水市场的�视引出瓶装水�行的真正原因。
  第五�六段论�了售�方�是瓶装水�行原因之一的观点,�一段指出除售�方�之外的其他原因(our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity)。
  57. C
  本题问从文章�知Iceberg Water指的是什么。
  文章在开头��到了Iceberg Water,讲到它在北美的人气达到了新的高度,其�头是�自�自加拿大纽芬兰的冰�。从全篇�看,本文以瓶装水为论述的核心,说明其在当今社会的�爆程度,这与开头所述Iceberg Water人气达到新高的�述�义一致。而在�到Iceberg Water之�的第二段,文章紧接�介�了一�瓶装水专业人士对瓶装水�行原因的看法。由此�看,Iceberg Water很�能是一�瓶装水,文章以它�开头有引出论题的作用。
  A说是一�冰水,B说是一�普通自�水,C说是一�瓶装水,D说是一�矿物质水。
  C是正确答案。
  58. B
  这��的�义必须结�上下文��解。这��出现在第二段,这一段的��是:
  Wiesenberger享有饮用水大师的称�,且是北美�多的几�饮用水评论家之一。他�时候曾居�在�大利�法国和瑞士较大的城市中,在这些地方,人们�天都�消费瓶装水。他在那时就订了一份饮用水�志,留心记下他喜爱的瓶装水牌�。“我的狗都能分出瓶装水跟自�水的区别。�他说�。
  从这段�述中�以看出,这�饮用水大师自�就对瓶装水兴趣浓厚,甚至为了追踪喜爱的牌�特��有一份水�志。作者的这些�述显然传达了一个信�:瓶装水� 谓是此人的至爱。那么在这����义下,他所说的瓶装水与自�水的区别决�真正是二者的实在区别,而是��出瓶装水�优于自�水;连狗都能分辨这�区别, 这是一�夸张说法,�在表明二者的差�之大。
  A,自�水当然�适�饮用。从全文给出的信��看,自�水是适�引用的,��本身错误,�时也�符�该�的真实�义。
  B,瓶装水显而易�地�优于自�水。此说法与��的分�一致,是正确的。
  C,瓶装水常常更符�狗的�味。Wiesenberger�到狗�是为了起到夸张的效果,并�是瓶装水真的更符�狗的�味。
  D,狗一般能�味觉�现细微的差别。此项犯的错误与C一样。
  59. D
  题目问fancier brands指的是什么。
  Fancier应该是fancy的比较级,fancy有“别致�价格高昂的�的��,brands指�牌。�解它具体的�义还是�看上下文。
  这个�组出现在A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care一�中,��是:饭店一般把酒价标高100%到150%,而瓶装水常常会达到300%到500%。�过水�比酒便宜得多,�时许多fancier brands在商店里买�到,因此用�者就没有注�或者并�在乎。
  从�一�结论�以推测,fancier brands很有�能是更贵的水�牌,因为如果这些奢侈牌�在商店里买�到,人们就无从知�它的��价格,�便到了饭店以高价挨宰(标高500%),他们也并�知情,也就注��到或�会在乎。�有这样逻辑�能通顺。四个选项分别是:
  A,�自泰晤士河的自�水
  B,�在普通商店中出售的葡�酒。
  C,百事的Aquafina和����的Dasani。
  D,拥有别致�字的昂贵瓶装水。
  四个选项中D符�上文的分�。
  60. A
  首先了解turn up the pressure的��,turn up有“�高�的��,如turn up the radio,�高收音机的音�。turn up the pressure就是加大压力�加大力度的��。这样题�就是“一些饭店加大力度售�瓶装水的原因是什么�。
  文中有As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water一�,as a result是“所以�因此�的��,说明�文已�说明了加大力度的原因,答案需�到�一段去找。
  上一段首先�到饭店对销售�牌瓶装水的利润垂涎三尺(restaurateurs salivate over the profits),而�具体说明了其之所以能实现超�利润的原因:消费者对瓶装水��价格水平一无所知。由此�以推断,饭店大力售�瓶装水的原因就应该是高�利润的诱使。
  A,瓶装水�以带�巨�利润。符�上�的分�。
  B,�自酒业的竞争�分激烈。文中�到酒业(typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent)�是为了�出瓶装水的利润丰厚,没有�到二者存在竞争问题。
  C,大多数就�者认为瓶装水的价格�以接�。文中�到就�者对价格的�应时是这样�述的:most diners don’t notice or care,��是他们�知�瓶装水的真实价格,因此没有注�或�在乎。但饭店���会因为自己商�的价格�以被消费者接�而热衷于售�,这个价格中�有暴利�是原因。
  D,瓶装水满足了就�者喜欢时尚的需求。文章�一段解释了瓶装水�行的其他原因,其中有它满足了our wish to appear cultivated,与D的说法�有接近,但这是从消费者的角度进行的分�,�是饭店��热衷于售�瓶装水的原因。
  61. B
  题目问根�文�瓶装水为什么如此�行。
  文章的�一段对此�出了说明,直译如下:
  �算其销售方�,饮用瓶装水能够满足我们对�康的更高追求,满足对更有教养的形象的追求,甚至对水的纯净度的追求。
  从这段��以看出,销售方�(how it’s sold,�第五六�段的分�)是瓶装水�行的一个因素,此外就是文末的三�因素:更高�康�更好形象和纯净度。
  A认为原因是瓶装水比酒便宜。这是第五段的内容:water is much cheaper than wine,�过这里�到水更便宜是为了解释人们为何没有注�到瓶装水价格的虚高。
  B认为原因是人们认为它更为�康,符��三�因素的个:更高�康。
  C认为原因是它能�引更有教养的人。文中所说的对更有教养的形象的追求(our wish to appear cultivated),是指一个人�望比以�的自己显得更有教养,而�是瓶装水对更有教养的人群的�引力比对一般教养的人�引力更大。
  D认为原因是它在市场中得到了更大的推广。瓶装水得到了更大的推广,其��等�于瓶装水�行,一个���能用它本身�解释本身。

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