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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2004-2006)

  Passage Three
  Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
  “Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise.� Said Dr. Hans Selye, the first physician to document the effects of stress on the body. While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.
  In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune (�疫的) function. In a study at the Academic Center for Dentistry in Amsterdam, researchers put volunteers through two stressful experiences. In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory (血淋淋的) video on surgical procedures. Those who did well on the memory test had an increase in levels of immunoglobulin A, an antibody that’s the body’s first line of defense against germs. The video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody.
  Stress prompts the body to produce certain stress hormones. In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function. “They can help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage,� says Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University in New York. But in the long run these hormones can have a harmful effect on the body and brain.
  “Sustained stress is not good for you,� says Richard Morimoto, a researcher at Northwestern University in Illinois studying the effects of stress on longevity, “It’s the occasional burst of stress or brief exposure to stress that could be protective.�
  31. The passage is mainly about ________.
  A) the benefits of manageable stress
  B) stay away from
  C) run out of
  D) put up with(D)
  32. The word “shun� (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means ________.
  A) cut down on
  B) stay away from
  C) run out of
  D) put up with(B)
  33. We can conclude from the study of the 158 nurses in 2001 that ________.
  A) people under stress tend to have a poor memory
  B) people who can’t get their job done experience more stress
  C) doing challenging work may be good for one’s health
  D) stress will weaken the body’s defense against germs(C)
  34. In the experiment described in Paragraph 3, the video-watchers experienced a downturn in the antibody because ________.
  A) the video was not enjoyable at all
  B) the outcome was beyond their control
  C) they knew little about surgical procedures
  D) they felt no pressure while watching the video(B)
  35. Dr. Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University believes that ________.
  A) a person’s memory is determined by the level of hormones in his body
  B) stress hormones have lasting positive effects on the brain
  C) short bursts of stress hormones enhance memory function
  D) a person’s memory improves with continued experience of stress(C)
  首先需�指出的是,这篇文章因试�排版问题出现了许多错��的情况,给文�的�解带�了很大的困难,有些题目是根本无法作答的,这一点比较�憾,我们也�能就能够通畅�解的部分�出一些看法。
  这是一篇学术论文性质的文章,主�介�压力对人体的影�。全篇�料一共四段,段开头�引用了一�医生对压力的观点,暗示出本文讨论的是学术级别的论题。之�,文章用一个长�对医生的观点进行了解释。这个长�总体结构比较简�,while引导的从�打头,��是一个主�。While在这里是“虽然�的��,表明while引导的内容�是论述的�点,�点在主�当中。主�的��是几项研究表明(several studies suggest),如果能够�功应对挑战性环境,那么这�环境对人也是有益的(rise to the occasion是一个短语,��是�功应对困难环境)。�以看到,这里的终观点是挑战性环境(也�压力)�以对人有益,但��是能够�功应对压力。
  第二段�述了上文�到了several studies(几项研究),一共两项研究,项是2001年对158家医院护士的调查,文章没有详述研究过程,直接给出了研究结果。第二个是阿姆斯特丹一家牙科研究中心所�的实验:记忆力测试。
  第三段对实验结果进行了�论上的分�:短期内�尔蒙的爆�会产生积�影�(In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect),如使神�细胞更好地分��记忆信�(help nerve cells handle information and put it into storage)。段末指出长期的�尔蒙影�则会有害于身体�康。�一段继续引用研究人员的�强调长短期压力对身体的��影�。
  31 D
  题目问这篇短文主�写的是什么。
  在四级阅读考试中,�题�考查对全篇�解的情况比较少�,这�题多数是在�一�中出现,需�在通读全篇�,综���信��作解答。
  本题在试��刷方�出了问题,B�C�D三个答案选项错��了32题的选项,致使本题无法作答。至于本文的中心�想,�以�考��的分�。
  32. B
  题目问��shun�能是什么��。
  这个��出现在Humans should not try to avoid stress any more than they would shun food, love or exercise一�中,该�作为全文开篇�,有�示文章中心论题的作用。文章的中心论题是�功应对压力对人有益,�正确�解这��必须结�这一中心论题。
  Shun��的����是人类�应设法回�压力,��是一个比较级more than,它与��的not构�not more than,表示“大体相当于��是�的��,那么���的��就必须能与���形�对比。�以想象food�love�exercise应该充当��stress的角色,而shun应该起的avoid的作用,大体��也应是回�。�����系起�就是:人类�应设法回�压力,就��应回�食物�爱和锻炼一样。这里暗�的��是压力并�有害,而是�食物�爱和锻炼一样对人是有益的,这个��与文章的中心论题一致,�以认为shun的�义类似于回�。
  A,�少
  B,远离
  C,用完
  D,��
  四个选项中�义回��义的�有B,因为stay away from�以指远离,在具体语境中也�以指回�。
  33. C
  题目问我们能从2001年对158�护士的研究中得出什么结论。
  文章对2001年这项研究的�述仅�于一个长�,本题考查的就是对这个长�的�解。�憾的是,这里�次出现了排版错误,致使��结构混乱,�义�清,�过,从大体结构上还是能把�本�的大�。
  In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they stress that you can manage also boost immune (�疫的) function。
  �以看出本�的主语应该是those, 而who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge是those的定语从�,修饰those,��是“那些�对相当大的工作�求�能应对挑战的人�。谓语是由were引导的比较级,��是“更�能会说他们的�康状况良好�。比�更有�能说这��呢?than��给出了答案:those who felt they,那些感觉自己如何如何的人。在they��出现了排版错误,�推断应该是�掉了感觉的内容,而��的stress that you can manage also boost immune function应该是�外一个新��,在stress���以补上“this showed that the�,与��的��连�this showed that the stress you can manage also boost immune function,��是“这一实验说明,压力,如果能够�功应对,�样�以�高�疫功能�。
  A,压力下的人往往记忆力差。这个实验没有�到压力与记忆力的关系,也许在�掉的内容中有相关的�述,但现有情况下无从知晓。
  B,无法完�工作的人体验到更大的压力。这个说法�样涉��掉的内容。�过���已�有“那些�对相当大的工作�求�能应对挑战的人�,那么与此对应的很有�能是“�对工作�无法应对挑战�无法完�的人�。所以说B的说法有�能是正确的。
  C,进行挑战性的工作对人的�康有益。这个说法�以排除,因为�有那些进行并能�功完�挑战性工作的人�会更为�康,C的说法缺少�件。
  D,压力会�弱人体对细�的抵抗力。这是�外一个实验的内容。
  这样看�,�以确定排除的选项是C和D,而A�到的记忆力与第二个实验的关系比较大,很有�能是迷惑选项,这样是选择B。
  34. B
  题目问在第三段所�述的实验中,观看视频的人�历了抗体的�少,原因是什么。
  文章第三段�到阿姆斯特丹的这所研究中心进行了一项研究,研究分为两组(two stressful experiences),�过文中��述了其中观看视频的一组,�一组的具体情形没有�述。而从全段�看,这缺失的一组对本题的回答是有帮助的。因此,�以猜测这里在排版时很�能��掉了一些内容。�外,对组实验的�述也存在问题。In the first, a timed task that required memorizing a list followed by a short test, subjects through a gory video on surgical procedures,分�这个���知它没有谓语,�以把a timed task看作是主语,that required memorizing a list是主语的定语从�。而followed by a short test是个�略了which的定语从�(which was followed by a short test),所以follow�是谓语。对follow�是谓语的判断�于by这个�,既然有by,就表示followed是被动语�,那么一定�接在was��,但这里was�略了,�以就此判断这是个定语从�。这样的�,���没有出现谓语,那么���呢?���中没有一个动�,所以根本��能存在谓语;subject�以作为动�使用,表示“隶属于�,但文章使用的过去时�,subjects是一般现在时,�符�语法,所以subject�是动�。
  这样�能认为这�是一个错�。如此多的错误出现在关键部�,文章的�解尚�问题,也就谈�上正确回答问题了。
  A,因为视频一点也�好看。
  B,这一结果是他们无法控制的。
  C,他们对外科手术过程知之甚少。
  D,观看视频时他们感觉�到压力。
  35. C
  题目问Bruce McEwen医生认为什么。
  �以看出本题考查的是对�两�段的�解。这两段�难�解,其核心��是短期压力对人有益,长期压力对人无益。
  A,人的记忆力是被身体里的�尔蒙水平决定的。根�文�,�尔蒙对人的记忆力产生了一定影�,但称其“决定�了记忆力水平就太夸张了。
  B,压力�尔蒙对大脑有�续的积�影�。文中谈到长期的压力�尔蒙对人有害(Sustained stress is not good for you),与本选项正好相�。
  C,压力�尔蒙的短期爆�会加强记忆功能。In short bursts these hormones have a positive effect, including improved memory function,这一�与C的说法完全一致。
  D,��人�断感�到压力,人的记忆力也�之改善。continued experience of stress�以�解为长期的压力,而根�文�,这�压力对人体是有害的。
  C的说法正确。

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