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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2004-2006)

  2005.6
  Passage 1
  Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (�护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
  The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall (�外之财) in tax revenues, royalties (开采�使用费) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “We’ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.� says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
  Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output—and just 3% of the nation’s.
  21. What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
  A) It will exhaust the nation’s oil reserves.
  B) It will help secure the future of ANWR.
  C) It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports.
  D) It will increase America’s energy consumption.(C)
  22. We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry ________.
  A) believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields
  B) tends to exaggerate America’s reliance on foreign oil
  C) shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR
  D) expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia(A)
  23. Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that ________.
  A) it can cause serious damage to the environment
  B) it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems
  C) it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region
  D) it will not have much commercial value(B)
  24. What do the environmentalists mean by saying “Not so fast� (Line 1, Para. 3)?
  A) Oil exploitation takes a long time
  B) The oil drilling should be delayed
  C) Don’t be too optimistic
  D) Don’t expect fast returns(C)
  25. It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR’s frozen earth ________.
  A) remains a controversial issue
  B) is expected to get under way soon
  C) involves a lot of technological problems
  D) will enable the U.S. to be oil independent(A)
  这篇�料主�内容是对应�在阿拉斯加进行石油开采进行论述,三大段�好�述了三方�的观点。段开头首先以一个疑问��出了论题,Is there enough oil …… to help secure America’s energy future?问的是阿拉斯加地下是�蕴�了足以为拯救美国的能�未��供助力的石油。接下�文章抛出了布什总统也就是美国政府的正�观点,该观点认为阿拉斯加的石油�以缓解加利�尼亚的电力�机,并为国家的能�独立�供助推(would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence)。文章进而引述了政府勘测数�,说明阿拉斯加地区的石油储�达到30亿到160亿桶,�过这里使用了�定��(no one knows for sure),表明对这一数�的怀疑�度,这样就自然地引出了��两�截然��的观点。
  �观点�自于石油业界——“The oil industry goes with the high end of the range�,这里的high end指的就是160亿桶,而go with表示认�了数�中的高点——160亿桶。支�开采的论�有三点,是�以�少大�石油进�(cut back on imports),第二是�外收入大笔税款�开采�使用费和租金(a multibillion-dollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and leasing fees)第三是对环境的影�微乎其微(damage to the environment would be insignificant)。
  第二�观点�自于环�主义者——Sticking to the low end of government estimates,low end指的30亿桶,而stick to表示认�数�中30亿桶的低点。�对开采的论�也有三点,是石油蕴���有32亿桶,对美国能�问题�说�能是�水车薪(do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems),第二是消费者�等上�年时间�能获得利益(consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits),第三,针对政府�出的阿拉斯加石油�以缓解加利�尼亚电力�机的观点,环�主义者指出石油在加利�尼亚�电能�中��1%(oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output)。
  21. C
  本题问在ANWR石油开采问题上,布什总统的��如何。
  布什总统的观点在段中有清楚的�述:President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence。正确�解这��,就�以对本题�出解答。Certainly thinks so里的so对�的问��了肯定回答,问�问的是ANWR地下有没有足够的石油�以帮助拯救美国的能�未�,布什的��当然就是有足够的石油。��一��是布什总统支�开采的�由:“他争辩说开采ANWR的石油�以帮助缓解加利�尼亚的电力�机,大大推动国家的能�独立。�
  A,这会耗尽国家的石油储�。
  B,这会为拯救ANWR的未��供助力。
  C,这会有利于�少国家的石油进�。
  D,这会增加美国的能�消费�。
  A在文中没有�到。B的说法把ANWR与美国混淆起�,是ANWR�以拯救美国的未�,而�是拯救自己的未�。C认为这有利于�少国家的石油进�,实际上与energy independence�义一致,因为能�独立也就是自给自足,��赖于其他国家,其结果就是�少进�。D的说法在文中也没有�到。综上�知C的说法为��。
  22. A
  题目问我们能从第二段得知,美国石油产业如何如何。
  第二段从石油产业的角度论述了在ANWR地区进行石油开采的�行性,其观点是支�开采的。
  A,美石油产业认为ANWR地区的石油开采将会带�很高的产�。第二段基本观点是支�石油开采的,而A的观点与这一观点��一致,��在文中找到类似的�述就�以断定A的说法是正确的。文中有2���以作为��:which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years和pumping more than 1 million barrels a day,这2�都说明了未�石油产�的巨大。
  B,美石油产业倾�夸大美国对外国石油的�赖程度。本选项考查对the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia一�的�解。这��的本�是有了ANWR的石油,�以�少进��,该进��相当于美国从沙特进�石油的总�。这��的目的在于强调ANWR石油所能带�的好处,夸大进��赖性与本段的中心�想无关。
  C,对在ANWR地区的石油开采没有表现出多少兴趣。与文�正好相�。
  D,希望�止从沙特进�石油。该�错误与B一样。
  23. B
  题目问�对在ANWR开采石油的人士争辩�……
  A,它会造�对环境的严�破�。
  B,它对于美国能�问题的解决帮助很�。
  C,它会耗尽阿拉斯加地区的石油蕴�。
  D,它�会产生很大的�济价值。
  对�对石油开采的观点的论述出现在第三段,根��文的解释,�对的观点一共有三点,是它对美国能�问题�说�能是�水车薪(do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems),这与B的说法一致。第二是消费者�等上�年时间�能获得利益(consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits),这一说法与D的说法近似,但区别是D认为永远�会产生大的�济价值,而这里�是认为价值产生在时间上会晚一些,没有�定会产生较大的价值,因此D�对。第三,它�能很大程度上缓解加利�尼亚电力�机,这也验�了B的说法。此为,A和C的说法在文中都没有�到,�以排除。
  24. C
  题目问环�主义者所说的Not so fast是什么��。
  A,石油开采需�很长时间。
  B,石油钻探将会被拖延。
  C,��过于�观。
  D,��期待很快得到回报。
  如何�解�个��或�组的�义的题在四级阅读中出现几率比较高,必须结�上下文环境�能�出正确解答。Not so fast出现在第三段的�,按�置�看,很�能起了承上�下的作用。上文刚刚论述了支�石油开采的观点,而�文是对�对开采的观点的论述,那么Not so fast一定是对支�开采的观点的�定,而且是一个总领�,是对��三个论�的总概括。�则,若Not so fast�是对第三段的总体概括,它就�应该出现在段首,这是写作的基本规则之一。
  看一下四个选项,A的说法在第三段里没有�到,B和D都�到了,但无论选择哪一个都�是对第三段的总体概括,�有C能够涵盖第三段三个论�暗�的�义。
  25. A
  题目问从这篇�料�以得知,在ANWR的冻土下进行石油开采如何如何。
  A,�然是一个正处争议中的问题。
  B,被认为�久�就会得到结论。
  C,涉�很多技术难题。
  D,将会使美国获得石油独立。
  这篇�料一共三段,�一段论述了一�观点,段是政府的观点,第二段是石油产业的观点,第三段是环�主义者的观点。作者没有给出一个客观的评述,认为哪一�观点获得了更多的支�,或将�有�能得到实行。因此说,开�开采实际上还是个悬而未决的问题,这样A的说法是正确的,而B是错误的。C所说的技术难题应该�存在,因为第二段中石油产业者的观点是无比�观的,他们希望立�投入到石油开采中,所以应该�会存在太多的技术难题。�便实际情况�是如此,也�以以文章没有�到技术难题方�的��为由,排除C。而D的说法在文中相关论述是石油开采会�轻石油�赖,并�是从此获得石油独立。

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