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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  Passage Four
  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
  In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day� has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’� says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.�
  Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报�的) consumer.� When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.� The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (��), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.� For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.
  26. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.
  A) customer service in Israel is now improving
  B) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
  C) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
  D) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones(A)
  27. In the author’s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.
  A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management
  B) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers
  C) if there’s no competition among companies
  D) without strict routine training of employees(C)
  28. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.
  A) they can have it fixed in no time
  B) it’s no longer necessary to make an appointment
  C) the appointment takes only half a day to make
  D) they only have to wait half an hour at most(D)
  29. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.
  A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises
  B) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty
  C) a good slogan has great potential for improving service
  D) staff retraining is essential for better service(D)
  30. Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose 40% of its market share?
  A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.
  B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.
  C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.
  D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.(B)
  这两段�料所�论述的核心是竞争使�务改善。虽然�是两个大段,但分工比较明确。大段主�从以色列人的�务体验的角度�说明竞争改善�务的�情形。第二段则�出第二点情形:�人化。
  段讲以色列人所体验的�务改善。改善总有缘由,开头讲到以色列人因为比从�更加有钱(become wealthier),�过的世�也更广(more worldly-wise),所以出游的次数很多(one in 10 citizens will go abroad,�分之一的人出国旅游)。出国旅游的结果是体验到了国外优质的�务,回国之�当然期望国内的�务也具有�样的质�(Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same)。这是个缘由。与此�时,美国公�大批进入以色列。所谓外�的和尚会念�,美国公�给以色列人带�了优质的�务体验。他们带�了新的客户�务标准,实施严格的员工培训,时刻监控待客员工对客户是��好。结果是,整个以色列的�务都开始改善,典型的例�就是美国�的Have a nice day问候语在以色列�行开�。这一段�一��示了现象下�的本质:Nothing happens without competition,这一切都是竞争所带�的。
  第二段讲的是�人化。�就开门�山指出�人化是带�竞争从而使�务改善的原因。作者��的论述�是从正�论述,而是从�人化的��——垄断说起。这里的垄断Monopolies应该指的是国有�业的垄断。垄断会造��务质�下�,这是�争的事实,而低劣的�务会给消费者造�伤害,终引�消费者的报�(the revengeful consumer)。文中举了一个例��说明这�报�的强度。政府�许一家�人公�Bezaq�与电信竞争,结果政府�业的国际分部马上丧失了40%的市场份�,这是在它的费率比Bezaq还�低的情况下�生的。��,作者从正�说明�人化所带�的竞争效果。首先是电力公�把派�维修人员的时间期�从�天缩短到了��时。而一家航空公�在严格�求乘务人员�供优质�务,并�出了�改��务的��。终的效果是消费者的好评如潮(praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets)。
  26. A
  题目问从文中�以推断出什么。因为这是题,一般情况下应该结�段的内容排除错误的选项。
  A,以色列的客户�务正在改善。文中没有直接�到以色列的客户�务的改善,但从个别���以�出推断。段��部分在讲以色列人因为�常旅游�接触到了国外高质�的�务�,回到国内对�务质�的�求也增高了。��部分讲的是国外�业进入以色列�,带�了一套新的标准(setting a new standard of customer service),并暗示竞争使�务�好。文中Let’s be nicer应该指的就是�务�好。由此��,A的说法是��的。
  B,富有的以色列消费者很难�悦。这��考查对Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise一�的�解。首先,这里的wealthier使用了比较级,�指比以�富有了的以色列人,富有是相对的,并�指的就是富人,从这一点就�以排除B。More demanding�有�求更高的��,“�求更高�和“很难�悦�在程度上应该还是存在一定�离的。
  C,旅游业已�为以色列带�了连��业。根�文�,连��业并�是旅游业带�的。根�对选项A的分��知,旅游业带�的是国民对�务更高的�求,而�是连��业。
  D,相对于国内产�,以色列消费者更��国外产�。文中�到了KFC等国外�业的涌入,其结果是竞争促进了�务质�的�高。至于消费者更加��哪一方,文中并没有相关�述。
  27.C
  题目问在作者看�,在以色列��能实现更高的�务标准(�件是)……
  A,如果管�层无视顾客的抱怨之声。
  B,除�外国公�更大数�地引入国内。
  C,如果公�之间没有竞争。
  D,如果�对员工严格进行常规培训。
  这�题应该说比较简�,因为段文末已�给出直接的答案Nothing happens without competition,Nothing happens应该指的就是�能实现更高的�务标准,�件是without competition(没有竞争)。应该选择C。
  段没有�到管�层或者是客户的抱怨,因此�以排除A。
  根�文�,外国公�进入以色列已�带�了竞争,而竞争已�使�务质�上�,文章没有强调�更多引入外国公���的��。因此�以排除B。
  这里也没有�到员工培训问题,D的说法是�虚乌有,�以排除。
  28. D
  题目问如今在以色列如果有人需�维修人员�解决�电问题,那么……
  A,立�就会得到修�。
  B,已�没有必�预约。
  C,预约�需�天时间。
  D,他们多�需等待��时。
  这�题考查对这两��的�解:The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.
  �是说电力公�曾�让用户等待�天时间,第二�则说现在�需���时。题目问的是现在(today)的情况,所以应该是��时,选择D。
  29. D
  题目问El A1航空公�的例�说明了什么。
  A,�有报�心�的消费者对垄断巨头�说是一个��。
  B,�广告是身处财政困境�业的一�出路。
  C,对于�务改善�说,一�好的��具有很大的潜力。
  D,员工�培训对于�高�务�说是至关��的。
  文中�述这家航空公�采�了两项措施�解决�机,一是对员工进行�务方�的�培训(has retrained its employees to emphasize service),二是�广告,以���宣传自己(在�务上)已�今�昔比 (is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan,“You can feel the change in the air.�),而�作者指出这些措施的�效:好评次超过了抱怨( For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets)。
  A指的是电力公�的例�,�以排除。
  B讲的是文中的第二�措施:广告宣传。但文中的广告是指宣传自己的�务正在改善,�务是本质,而�是泛泛地��业广告。因此B的说法�准确。
  C的说法颠倒了�务和��的关系。在文中,航空公�首先进行�务改善,而�使用���宣传�务。而C的��是�����进行�务改善,显然是错误的。
  D的说法�好是航空公��措施的内容,是正确的。
  30. B
  题目问Bezaq的国际分部为什么会失去其40%的市场份�。
  A,因为它报收的费用还�够具有竞争力。
  B,因为客户们对其过去的�务�满。
  C,因为它的竞争对手所�供的�务远好于它。
  D,因为它���到政府的任何支�。
  这�题考查对这一�的�解:When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.�
  �说的是政府开放了Bezaq的竞争,也就是为该行业引入竞争对手,这当然并没有说���到政府的任何支�,D�对。
  之�说的是题干所讲的该公�失去了40%份�的事实,此�是while引导的一个�件,��是“�便在�供具有竞争力费率的情况下�。这说明Bezaq的费率比竞争对手还�低,因此A�对。
  至于这其中的原因,�一��给出了解释:人们�对该公�过去的�劣�务进行报�。符�这个��的是B,C虽然也�到了�务,但文中没有论述现在Bezaq的�务如何,所以并�正确。

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