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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  Passage Three
  Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
  For an increasing number of students at American universities, Old is suddenly in. The reason is obvious: the graying of America means jobs, coupled with the aging of the baby-boom (生育高峰) generation, a longer life span means that the nation’s elderly population is bound to expand significantly over the next 50 years. By 2050, 25 percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995. The change poses profound questions for government and society, of course. But it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well. “In addition to the doctors, we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,� says Professor Edward Schneider of the University of Southern California’s (USC) School of Gerontology (�年学).
  Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,� which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination (歧视). Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history. “Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money,� one professor says.
  Margarite Santos is a 21-year-old senior at USC. She began college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria.� So she took a class in gerontology and discovered that she lied it. She says, “I did volunteer work in retirement homes and it was very satisfying.�
  31. “... Old is suddenly in� (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably means “________�.
  A) America has suddenly become a nation of old people
  B) gerontology has suddenly become popular
  C) more elderly professors are found on American campuses
  D) American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students(B)
  32. With the aging of America, lawyers can benefit ________.
  A) from the adoption of the “elder law�
  B) from rendering special services to the elderly
  C) by enriching their professional knowledge
  D) by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests(B)
  33. Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?
  A) Retirees are more generous in spending money.
  B) They can employ more gerontologists.
  C) The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.
  D) There are more elderly people working than before.(C)
  34. Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?
  A) Retirees who are business-minded.
  B) The volunteer workers in retirement homes.
  C) College graduates with an MBA or law degree.
  D) Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.(D)
  35. It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America’s elderly population ________.
  A) will provide good job opportunities in many areas
  B) will impose an unbearable burden on society
  C) may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination
  D) will create new fields of study in universities(A)
  这篇�料讲的是美国大学�年学专业的兴起。大段主�论述�龄化现象与�年学专业�行的关系。第二段具体论述�年学专业的学生如何�益于�龄化现象。�一段是一个具体的例�。
  段开头先是指出与�龄有关的专业�到越�越多学生的��,而�言简�赅地给出了原因:人��龄带�了�业机�(the graying of America means jobs)。作者从头讲起,称人��龄化现象����。��生育高峰一代的�去,在之�的50年间,美国的�年人�将会大幅度增加。到2050年,25%的人�将会超过65�,而1995年�有14%(25percent of all Americans will be older than 65, up from 14 percent in 1995)。人��龄化在普通人看�一般�味�社会问题,作者也指出了这一点(The change poses profound questions forgovernment and society),但��就抛出自己的独特观点:�龄化也会给�些领域带��业机�。���年学教授也称,�年人�仅需�医生,也需�更多的社会学家�生物学家等等等等。
  比如,律师们�以专攻“�年法律�,其�诉范围从信托��动产到疗养院�待�年龄歧视(Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,� whichcovers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and agediscrimination),�以说�分广阔。商人们则在�年人市场看到了巨大的商业机�,因为生育高峰一代足有7400万人,而且很有�能是人类历�上富有的退休�人群体。�龄化给这些领域带�了�业机�,学生们自然会对�年学趋之若鹜。作者�引�年学教授的�说,一�MBA或者法律专业的毕业生,如果具备了�年学专业知识,那就将获得���断的财富。
  作者在�一段举了一个学生的例�。Santos曾是生物专业的学生,但与细�打交�让她感到厌倦(Shebegan college as a biology major but found she was “really bored with bacteria)。在�了一堂�年学专业的课以�,她�现那�是她喜欢的。她说,她帮助退休�人�一些志愿工作,并对此感到�分满�。
  31. B
  题目问Old is suddenly in是什么��。
  A,美国已��然间��了一个�年人的国家。
  B,�年学�然�得�行起�。
  C,更多的�年教授在美国大学里任教。
  D,美国大学已��识到招收年长学生的需�。
  首先分�一下这个��,old肯定�是指�年人,�则应该加上the,构�the old;�外�注�到old采用了首字�大写,��是一个有特指的��,观察四个选项,“�年学�是一个专有��,�能性较大。�尾的in肯定�是作介 �,表示“在里��的��,�则in��应该连接宾语。in的�外一个��是Currently fashionable,“当��行的�,�能性较大。
  结�上下文�知,Old is suddenly in的原因是the graying ofAmerica means jobs,美国人的�去�味�工作机会,也就是说,因为美国人的�龄化带�了很多工作机�,所以Old is suddenly in。把四个选项代入这个因果�,�有B为�适,�时这个��也是全文论述的核心。
  32. B
  题目问��美国人的�龄化,律师将会�益于……
  A,�年法的实行。
  B,��年人�供特别的法律�务。
  C,扩大他们的专业知识。
  D,赢得�年人的信任,去为他们谋�利益。
  这�题问的完全是有关律师的,这样就�以缩�我们的观察范围。文中讲到律师一共两处,处是在段末,we’re going to need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and specialized lawyers,��是我们需�更多的特别律师。第二处是在第二段�,Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,� which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and age discrimination,��是律师�以专攻�年法律,这�法律涵盖从信托�房地产到疗养院�待�年龄歧视等许多事务。从这两���以�出这样一个逻辑顺�:因为�年人的增多,��与�年人相关的法律事务也相应增多,如果一个律师专攻�年学的�,他就�以��年人�供范围相当广泛的法律�务。
  四个选项中,B的��与此为接近。A的说法也有一定��,但是深究起�,一个�能��年人�供法律�务的律师(��没有专攻�年学)是无法从中�益的。C和D�以轻易排除。
  33. C
  题目问商人为什么能够在��壮大的�年市场上赚钱。
  A,退休�人在花钱上更为大方。
  B,他们�以雇佣更多的�年学家。
  C,�年人具备很强的购买力。
  D,现在工作的�年人比过去�多。
  第二段在谈完律师之�,就开始�述商人的情形。Businessmen see huge opportunities in the elder market because the baby boomers, 74 million strong, are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history,�解了这��,答案也就�难找到了。���的��与题目一样,because引导的从�解释了商人何以赚钱的原因。美国历�上出现过一个生育人�猛增的时期,baby boomers指的就是这个时期出生的人;74 million strong,baby boomers足有七�四百万人多,这些人现在已��为�年人,��当今美国�年人人�之巨。are likely to be the wealthiest group of retirees in human history,��是这些�年人很�能是人类历�上富有的退休群体。这里说的是美国�年人有钱,是�年市场活跃的���件。
  四个答案中,B和D�以首先排除。A和C较为符���,具体分�的�,文中��到这批�年人�常有钱,而爱�爱花钱并没有说明,因此,�能说�年人的购买力强,而�能断定其喜欢花钱。所以应该选择C。
  34. D
  题目问根�这篇文章的说法,在新世纪什么样的人能够赚大钱。
  A,具备商业头脑的退休�人。
  B,退休家庭的志愿工作者。
  C,具有MBA或法律文凭的大学毕业生。
  D,通晓�年学的专业人士。
  上一题考查了第二段的第二�,现在全文还剩下第二段第三�和�一段没有考查。第二段第三�较难�解,出题�能性大。�一段过于简�,�太�能在�一�题中考查它的内容,而很�能会在�一题考查对全篇的�解。
  观察这�题的问�,与第二段第三�有一定�系,答案很�能出自这里。
  Any student who combines an expert knowledge in gerontology with, say, an MBA or law degree will have a license to print money.这个��的主语是student,��是一个定语从�,把“学生��定为“具有�年学的专业知识,�时�有MBA或法律学�的学生�。�注� 这里使用了say,��MBA和法律学��是例举而已,通指具有�些专业文凭的学生(当然是比较热门的专业)。谓语部分是will have,这没有�解问题。宾语是a license to print money,表���是�刷金钱的牌照,但一个学生怎么�能有�刷钱�的�力呢?这里�用了夸张的手法,言下之�是这样的学生赚的钱就��钞机�出�的一 样多。这个��和题目中的“make big money�是一致的,��答案就在这��当中——具有�年学的专业知识,�时具备热门专业的文凭。
  A和B与此相去甚远,C缺少了�年学的专业知识。D较为��,既�到�年学,�指出专业知识,四个选项�能选择D。�过,出题者如能在这个选项中特别交代D是�些热门领域的professionals,则会更为贴切,因为文中所例举的两个例�都是热门专业,�便�学�年学也是�途光明,作者�用了say表示例举,没有直接概括出是什么样的专业文凭,但其言下之�必是指热门专业。想想看,一个学了哲学或考�学�时具备�年学知识的professional,怎么�能赚钱犹如�钞机�钞呢?
  35. A
  题目问从文中�以看出,美国�年人�的增长会……
  A,为许多领域带�良好的工作机会。
  B,为社会增添难以承�的负担。
  C,�能会带�疗养院�待和年龄歧视现象。
  D,将会促使大学开创新的研究领域。
  这�全篇�解题没有特别地针对哪一段,�能用排除法对�选项一个一个地排错。
  A的说法�以在文中找到多处��点,the graying of America means jobs(美国人的�去�味�工作机会),it also creates career opportunities in medicine and health professions, and in law and business as well(�龄化现象也为医疗�业�法律�商业领域创造了工作机会),因此A的说法是正确的。
  与B相关的��是The change poses profound questions for government and society,但profound是�义深远的��,指解决难度大或牵扯�较广较深等,并�是说让社会无法承�。因此B�对。
  与C相关的��是Lawyers can specialize in “elder law,� which covers everything from trusts and estates to nursing-home abuse and agediscrimination,这里是说如果律师精通�年学的�,就�以��疗养院�待和年龄歧视这样的案�。文章并没有说此类案�是���龄人�增多�出现的,而是在强调�年学知识对��这类案�的��性。
  段有一�the University of Southern California’s (USC)School of Gerontology,这是�大学�年学学院的�字,从这里�以推断出�年学早已�为大学研究课题。D是错误的。

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