历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2002-2004)
- 第1页:2002.1�Passageone
- 第2页:2002.1�PassageTwo
- 第3页:2002.1�PassageThree
- 第4页:2002.1�PassageFour
- 第5页:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6页:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9页:2003.1-Passage One
  2004.6
  Passage One
  Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
  A is for always getting to work on time.
  B is for being extremely busy.
  C is for the conscientious (勤勤��的) way you do your job.
  You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
  Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.�
  “People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior,� says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.�
  In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
  “The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,’� says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.�
  Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
  Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
  11. “Office politics� (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to ________.
  A) the code of behavior for company staff
  B) the political views and beliefs of office workers
  C) the interpersonal relationships within a company
  D) the various qualities required for a successful career(C)
  12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ________.
  A) give his boss a good impression
  B) honest and loyal to his company
  C) get along well with his colleagues
  D) avoid being too outstanding(D)
  13. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game� (Line 4, Para. 5)?
  A) They believe that doing so is impractical.
  B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.
  C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.
  D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.(B)
  14. The author considers office politics to be ________.
  A) unwelcome at the workplace
  B) bad for interpersonal relationships
  C) indispensable to the development of company culture
  D) an important factor for personal advancement(D)
  15. It is the author’s view that ________.
  A) speaking up for oneself is part of human nature
  B) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery
  C) hard work contributes very little to one’s promotion
  D) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery(B)
  这篇æ��料的主è¦�内容是办公室政治(office politics),从介ç»�办公室政治的å�«ä¹‰ã€�好处开始,讲到现实生活ä¸äººä»¬ä¸�愿进行办公室政治的现象å�Šå…¶åŽŸå› ï¼Œå�Žç»™å‡ºäº†æ”¹å�˜è¿™ç§�情况的建议。
  å‰�é�¢çš„å‡ æ®µä¸»è¦�是介ç»�办公室政治的å�«ä¹‰å�Šå…¶æ‰€èƒ½å¸¦æ�¥çš„好处。å‰�三个å�¥å�以Aã€�Bã€�C打头列出了办公室生å˜çš„基本原则,而å�ŽæŠŠåŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»ä½œä¸ºå®ƒä»¬çš„è¡¥å……è‡ªç„¶åœ°æ��了出æ�¥ï¼ˆä¸ºäº†ä¸ŽABC相æ�é…�,简称为P)。作者引用Carnegieçš„è¯�对办公室政治å�šäº†åˆ�æ¥çš„定义,也就是be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenesï¼Œæ— è®ºå…¬å¼€é�žå…¬å¼€åœºå�ˆï¼Œéƒ½è¦�èƒ½å¤ŸæŽ¨é”€ä½ è‡ªå·±å’Œä½ è‡ªå·±çš„æƒ³æ³•ã€‚å�Žé�¢ç´§æŽ¥ç�€çš„一å�¥è¯�一ç®å�Œé›•,既说出了办公室政治的好处(a better job, a raise, praise),也指出人们ä¸�æ„¿æ�žåŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»çš„äº‹å®žï¼Œä¸ºä¸‹æ–‡åˆ†æž�åŽŸå› ã€�æ��出建议铺好了é�“路。
  å�Žé�¢çš„å‡ æ®µä¸»è¦�是æ�¥åˆ†æž�办公室政治在一些人那里ä¸�å�—æ¬¢è¿Žçš„åŽŸå› ã€‚é¦–å…ˆäººä»¬æŠŠå®ƒçœ‹å�šæ˜¯å·¥äºŽå¿ƒè®¡çš„è¡Œä¸ºï¼ˆmanipulative behavior),而å�Žä½œè€…å¯¹è¿™ä¸€åŽŸå› å�šäº†è¯„æž�,指出办公室政治实际上并ä¸�如æ¤ï¼ˆå��而æº�于polite,礼貌)。下一段介ç»�专家的观点,进一æ¥è§£é‡ŠåŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»çš„å�«ä¹‰å’Œåº”用的æ£å½“性,而å�Žå¼•用Neil P Lewisçš„è¯�对æ¤å�šäº†å¼ºè°ƒï¼ˆIt’s simple human nature,办公室政治是人类的天性而已)。
  �一段简�地给出了建议:承认自我的推销的需�(recognizing the need for some self-promotion)。
  11. C
  题目问办公室政治一è¯�在文ä¸ç”¨æ�¥æŒ‡â€¦â€¦
  A,公��员的行为准则。
  B,办公室员工的政治观点和信仰。
  C,公�内部的人际关系。
  D,æˆ�功è�Œä¸šç”Ÿæ¶¯æ‰€éœ€è¦�çš„å�„ç§�ç´ è´¨ã€‚
  文ä¸å¯¹åŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»æœ‰æ˜Žç¡®çš„å®šä¹‰ï¼šYou have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes。把四个选项和这个定义进行对比就å�¯å¾—å‡ºç”æ¡ˆã€‚
  先看A。Code是指法规ã€�准则。A把办公室政治ç�†è§£ä¸ºå‘˜å·¥çš„è¡Œä¸ºå‡†åˆ™ï¼Œæ–‡ç« æ²¡æœ‰æ��到类似内容。
  B把办公室政治解释为员工的政治观点和信仰,是对Office politicsæœ›æ–‡ç”Ÿä¹‰ï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰å¾—åˆ°æ–‡ç« å†…å®¹çš„æ”¯æŒ�。
  C的说法有一定��。从定义�看,把自己和自己的想法推销出去的��应该是让大家都喜欢自己,都接�自己的观点,这应该属于人际关系的范畴。
  Dçš„è¯´æ³•æœ‰ä¸€å®šè¿·æƒ‘æ€§ï¼Œå› ä¸ºæ–‡ç« å‰�å‡ æ®µè®ºè¿°çš„åŸºæœ¬éƒ½æ˜¯è�Œä¸šç”Ÿæ¶¯æˆ�åŠŸæ‰€å…·å¤‡çš„ä¸€äº›ç´ è´¨ã€‚ä¸�è¿‡ï¼Œåº”è¯¥çœ‹åˆ°åŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»ä»…æ˜¯è¯¸å¤šç´ è´¨ä¸çš„一ç§�,它和Aã€�Bã€�Cå�ˆèµ·æ�¥æ‰�能算是“å�„ç§�ç´ è´¨â€�。
  本题选C。
  12. A
  题目问为了��,一个人�仅需�一定的工作能力,而且……
  A,还�给��留下一个好�象。
  B,对公å�¸è¯šå®žã€�å¿ è¯šã€‚
  C,和�事�好关系。
  D,��太出风头。
  题目里的关键è¯�是promoted,也就是å�‡è�Œã€‚åœ¨æ–‡ç« ä¸å¿«é€Ÿå®šä½�这个è¯�ã€‚æ–‡ç« æ��到å�‡è�Œæ˜¯è¿™ä¸€å�¥ï¼šBut if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best,大æ„�是如果两到三个候选人一起竞争å�Œä¸€ä¸ªå�‡è�Œæœºä¼šï¼Œåœ¨èƒ½åŠ›ç›¸å½“çš„æƒ…å†µä¸‹ï¼Œç»�ç�†ä¼šæ��å�‡ä»–们喜欢的那一个。这里æ��到了“能力相当â€�,照应题目里的not only competent。在能力相当的情况下,å�‡è�Œçš„关键在于å�—到ç»�ç�†å–œæ¬¢ï¼Œè¿™åº”该就是A所说的还è¦�ç»™è€�æ�¿ç•™ä¸‹ä¸€ä¸ªå¥½å�°è±¡ã€‚所以本题å�¯ä»¥ç›´æŽ¥é€‰æ‹©Aï¼Œå…¶ä»–å‡ ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹çœ‹ä¼¼éƒ½æœ‰é�“ç�†ï¼Œä½†åœ¨æ–‡ç« 明确指出“è€�æ�¿å¥½æ„Ÿâ€�这一项时,应该毫ä¸�犹豫地选择A。
  13. B
  题目问为什么许多人�愿“玩这一游��?
  A,他们认为如æ¤å�šæ³•æ¯«æ— ç”¨å¤„ã€‚
  Bï¼Œä»–ä»¬è®¤ä¸ºè¿™æ ·çš„è¡Œä¸ºä¸�é�“å¾·ã€�ä¸�诚信。
  C,他们�善于利用�事。
  D,他们认为这�努力�会带�任何结果。
  The game指的是å‰�é�¢æ��到的“sell yourself and your ideasâ€�ï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯åŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»ã€‚æ–‡ç« çš„ç¬¬å…æ®µè§£é‡Šäº†äººä»¬ä¸ºä½•ä¸�愿玩弄办公室手段,实际上å�ªæœ‰ä¸€å�¥è¯�:People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior。æ¤å�Žçš„内容å�˜æˆ�了对办公室政治的积æž�肯定,所以å�¯ä»¥åˆ¤æ–本题考查内容仅仅是这一å�¥è¯�,具体æ�¥è¯´ï¼Œä»…仅是manipulative这一个å�•è¯�,å��å��这个å�•è¯�çš„å�«ä¹‰å·²ç»�给出,这大大方便了我们å�šå‡ºæ£ç¡®çš„判æ–。“工于心计â€�是一个贬义è¯�ï¼Œäººä»¬å› ä¸ºè¡Œä¸ºå±žäºŽâ€œå·¥äºŽå¿ƒè®¡â€�而ä¸�去为之,应该是出于é�“å¾·ä¸Šçš„åŽŸå› ã€‚æœ¬é¢˜å�¯ä»¥å¾ˆå®¹æ˜“选出æ£ç¡®ç”案B。
  14. D
  题目问作者认为办公室政治……
  A,在工作场所��欢迎。
  B,对人际关系是有害的。
  C,对公�文化的�展�说是��或缺的。
  D,是个人å�‘展的é‡�è¦�å› ç´ ã€‚
  从 题目æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œä¼¼ä¹Žæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªé�žå¸¸å®½æ³›çš„é—®é¢˜ï¼›å› ä¸ºå…¨ç¯‡è®²çš„éƒ½æ˜¯åŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥è®©äººä¸�知从何下手。ä¸�过é�µå¾ªäº†å››çº§é˜…读出题规律,å�¯ä»¥åˆ¤æ–本题考查内容很å�¯èƒ½ä¸ºä¸Š 一题考查内容å�Žé�¢çš„部分。上一题考查了第五段的å�¥è¯�ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆæœ¬é¢˜çš„ç”æ¡ˆéœ€è¦�从这一å�¥è¯�之å�Žçš„内容ä¸å¯»æ‰¾ã€‚å�Žä¸€æ®µåº”该留给å�Žä¸€é¢˜ï¼Œä¸�需è¦�查看。
  与A相关的å�¥å�是many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.â€�,manyå�ªä»£è¡¨äº†ä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†äººï¼Œå¹¶ä¸�能以æ¤åˆ¤æ–办公室政治已ç»�æ™®é��ä¸�å�—欢迎。而且这å�¥è¯�å·²ç»�是考查过的内容,å†�次æˆ�为æ£ç¡®ç”案的å�¯èƒ½æ€§ä¸�大。
  第五段主è¦�内容是办公室的性质为being kind and helpful,对人å�‹å¥½ï¼Œä¹�于助人,这应该和B的说法æ£å¥½ç›¸å��ã€‚ç¬¬å…æ®µæ��到办公室政治involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment,大æ„�是在办公室环境内与人æ�žå¥½å…³ç³»ï¼Œä¹Ÿå’ŒB的说法相å��。由æ¤åˆ¤æ–Bä¸�对。
  至于Cï¼Œæ–‡ç« æ²¡æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥æ��到公å�¸æ–‡åŒ–,虽然å�¯ä»¥è®¤ä¸ºäººé™…关系算是公å�¸æ–‡åŒ–,但它毕竟å�ªèƒ½è¯´å…¬å�¸æ–‡åŒ–的一å°�部分,ä¸�能说办公室政治对公å�¸æ–‡åŒ–就是ä¸�å�¯æˆ–缺的。
  倒数第三段举出了一个和上级æ�žå¥½å…³ç³»å°±å�¯èƒ½èŽ·å¾—å�‡è�Œæœºä¼šçš„例å�,这说明办公室政治的确是个人å�‘展的é‡�è¦�å› ç´ ã€‚D的说法是æ£ç¡®çš„。
  15. B
  本题问作者的观点是……
  A,为自己说�是人类的天性。
  B,自我推广��得就是讨好奉承。
  C,努力工作对��的作用微乎其微。
  D,许多雇员没有认识到奉承讨好的需�。
  本题考查对å�Žä¸¤æ®µçš„ç�†è§£ã€‚è¿™ä¸¤æ®µçš„æ ¸å¿ƒæ˜¯è¿™ä¸€å�¥ï¼š Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.,主谓宾结构是others associate politics with flattery(其他人把办公室政治与奉承è�”系起æ�¥ï¼‰ï¼Œè€Œfearful引领了一个伴éš�状è¯ï¼Œå®Œæ•´å½¢å¼�是they are fearful that……that引导的宾è¯ä»Žå�¥æ„�æ€�是如果他们为自己说è¯�,就å�¯èƒ½ç»™äººå¥‰æ‰¿è€�æ�¿çš„å�°è±¡ã€‚这是一部分人的观点,作者认为这一观点是ä¸�å�¯å�–的,所以在å�Žä¸€æ®µæ��出了解决办法:recognizing the need for some self-promotion(承认自我推广的需è¦�)。这一å�¥æ‰¿è®¤äº†ä¸ºè‡ªå·±è¯´è¯�çš„æ£é�¢ä½œç”¨çš„å�Œæ—¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿé©³æ–¥äº†ä¸ºè‡ªå·±è¯´è¯�就是“奉承â€�è¿™ä¸€è§‚ç‚¹ã€‚è¿™æ ·å°±å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除D。
  关于A,human nature在“the first thing……â€�ä¸€æ®µä¸æœ‰æ‰€æ��å�Šï¼Œä½†è¿™é‡Œçš„人类本性指的是è€�æ�¿å€¾å�‘于æ��å�‡è‡ªå·±å–œæ¬¢çš„人这一本性,所以Aä¸�对。
  Cçš„è¯´æ³•æ˜Žæ˜¾å’Œæ–‡ç« çš„ä¸»æ—¨ç›¸è¿�,å�¯ä»¥å¾ˆå®¹æ˜“排除。
  Passage One
  Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
  A is for always getting to work on time.
  B is for being extremely busy.
  C is for the conscientious (勤勤��的) way you do your job.
  You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
  Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.�
  “People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior,� says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.�
  In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
  “The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,’� says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.�
  Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
  Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
  11. “Office politics� (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to ________.
  A) the code of behavior for company staff
  B) the political views and beliefs of office workers
  C) the interpersonal relationships within a company
  D) the various qualities required for a successful career(C)
  12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ________.
  A) give his boss a good impression
  B) honest and loyal to his company
  C) get along well with his colleagues
  D) avoid being too outstanding(D)
  13. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game� (Line 4, Para. 5)?
  A) They believe that doing so is impractical.
  B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.
  C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.
  D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.(B)
  14. The author considers office politics to be ________.
  A) unwelcome at the workplace
  B) bad for interpersonal relationships
  C) indispensable to the development of company culture
  D) an important factor for personal advancement(D)
  15. It is the author’s view that ________.
  A) speaking up for oneself is part of human nature
  B) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery
  C) hard work contributes very little to one’s promotion
  D) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery(B)
  这篇æ��料的主è¦�内容是办公室政治(office politics),从介ç»�办公室政治的å�«ä¹‰ã€�好处开始,讲到现实生活ä¸äººä»¬ä¸�愿进行办公室政治的现象å�Šå…¶åŽŸå› ï¼Œå�Žç»™å‡ºäº†æ”¹å�˜è¿™ç§�情况的建议。
  å‰�é�¢çš„å‡ æ®µä¸»è¦�是介ç»�办公室政治的å�«ä¹‰å�Šå…¶æ‰€èƒ½å¸¦æ�¥çš„好处。å‰�三个å�¥å�以Aã€�Bã€�C打头列出了办公室生å˜çš„基本原则,而å�ŽæŠŠåŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»ä½œä¸ºå®ƒä»¬çš„è¡¥å……è‡ªç„¶åœ°æ��了出æ�¥ï¼ˆä¸ºäº†ä¸ŽABC相æ�é…�,简称为P)。作者引用Carnegieçš„è¯�对办公室政治å�šäº†åˆ�æ¥çš„定义,也就是be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenesï¼Œæ— è®ºå…¬å¼€é�žå…¬å¼€åœºå�ˆï¼Œéƒ½è¦�èƒ½å¤ŸæŽ¨é”€ä½ è‡ªå·±å’Œä½ è‡ªå·±çš„æƒ³æ³•ã€‚å�Žé�¢ç´§æŽ¥ç�€çš„一å�¥è¯�一ç®å�Œé›•,既说出了办公室政治的好处(a better job, a raise, praise),也指出人们ä¸�æ„¿æ�žåŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»çš„äº‹å®žï¼Œä¸ºä¸‹æ–‡åˆ†æž�åŽŸå› ã€�æ��出建议铺好了é�“路。
  å�Žé�¢çš„å‡ æ®µä¸»è¦�是æ�¥åˆ†æž�办公室政治在一些人那里ä¸�å�—æ¬¢è¿Žçš„åŽŸå› ã€‚é¦–å…ˆäººä»¬æŠŠå®ƒçœ‹å�šæ˜¯å·¥äºŽå¿ƒè®¡çš„è¡Œä¸ºï¼ˆmanipulative behavior),而å�Žä½œè€…å¯¹è¿™ä¸€åŽŸå› å�šäº†è¯„æž�,指出办公室政治实际上并ä¸�如æ¤ï¼ˆå��而æº�于polite,礼貌)。下一段介ç»�专家的观点,进一æ¥è§£é‡ŠåŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»çš„å�«ä¹‰å’Œåº”用的æ£å½“性,而å�Žå¼•用Neil P Lewisçš„è¯�对æ¤å�šäº†å¼ºè°ƒï¼ˆIt’s simple human nature,办公室政治是人类的天性而已)。
  �一段简�地给出了建议:承认自我的推销的需�(recognizing the need for some self-promotion)。
  11. C
  题目问办公室政治一è¯�在文ä¸ç”¨æ�¥æŒ‡â€¦â€¦
  A,公��员的行为准则。
  B,办公室员工的政治观点和信仰。
  C,公�内部的人际关系。
  D,æˆ�功è�Œä¸šç”Ÿæ¶¯æ‰€éœ€è¦�çš„å�„ç§�ç´ è´¨ã€‚
  文ä¸å¯¹åŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»æœ‰æ˜Žç¡®çš„å®šä¹‰ï¼šYou have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes。把四个选项和这个定义进行对比就å�¯å¾—å‡ºç”æ¡ˆã€‚
  先看A。Code是指法规ã€�准则。A把办公室政治ç�†è§£ä¸ºå‘˜å·¥çš„è¡Œä¸ºå‡†åˆ™ï¼Œæ–‡ç« æ²¡æœ‰æ��到类似内容。
  B把办公室政治解释为员工的政治观点和信仰,是对Office politicsæœ›æ–‡ç”Ÿä¹‰ï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰å¾—åˆ°æ–‡ç« å†…å®¹çš„æ”¯æŒ�。
  C的说法有一定��。从定义�看,把自己和自己的想法推销出去的��应该是让大家都喜欢自己,都接�自己的观点,这应该属于人际关系的范畴。
  Dçš„è¯´æ³•æœ‰ä¸€å®šè¿·æƒ‘æ€§ï¼Œå› ä¸ºæ–‡ç« å‰�å‡ æ®µè®ºè¿°çš„åŸºæœ¬éƒ½æ˜¯è�Œä¸šç”Ÿæ¶¯æˆ�åŠŸæ‰€å…·å¤‡çš„ä¸€äº›ç´ è´¨ã€‚ä¸�è¿‡ï¼Œåº”è¯¥çœ‹åˆ°åŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»ä»…æ˜¯è¯¸å¤šç´ è´¨ä¸çš„一ç§�,它和Aã€�Bã€�Cå�ˆèµ·æ�¥æ‰�能算是“å�„ç§�ç´ è´¨â€�。
  本题选C。
  12. A
  题目问为了��,一个人�仅需�一定的工作能力,而且……
  A,还�给��留下一个好�象。
  B,对公å�¸è¯šå®žã€�å¿ è¯šã€‚
  C,和�事�好关系。
  D,��太出风头。
  题目里的关键è¯�是promoted,也就是å�‡è�Œã€‚åœ¨æ–‡ç« ä¸å¿«é€Ÿå®šä½�这个è¯�ã€‚æ–‡ç« æ��到å�‡è�Œæ˜¯è¿™ä¸€å�¥ï¼šBut if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best,大æ„�是如果两到三个候选人一起竞争å�Œä¸€ä¸ªå�‡è�Œæœºä¼šï¼Œåœ¨èƒ½åŠ›ç›¸å½“çš„æƒ…å†µä¸‹ï¼Œç»�ç�†ä¼šæ��å�‡ä»–们喜欢的那一个。这里æ��到了“能力相当â€�,照应题目里的not only competent。在能力相当的情况下,å�‡è�Œçš„关键在于å�—到ç»�ç�†å–œæ¬¢ï¼Œè¿™åº”该就是A所说的还è¦�ç»™è€�æ�¿ç•™ä¸‹ä¸€ä¸ªå¥½å�°è±¡ã€‚所以本题å�¯ä»¥ç›´æŽ¥é€‰æ‹©Aï¼Œå…¶ä»–å‡ ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹çœ‹ä¼¼éƒ½æœ‰é�“ç�†ï¼Œä½†åœ¨æ–‡ç« 明确指出“è€�æ�¿å¥½æ„Ÿâ€�这一项时,应该毫ä¸�犹豫地选择A。
  13. B
  题目问为什么许多人�愿“玩这一游��?
  A,他们认为如æ¤å�šæ³•æ¯«æ— ç”¨å¤„ã€‚
  Bï¼Œä»–ä»¬è®¤ä¸ºè¿™æ ·çš„è¡Œä¸ºä¸�é�“å¾·ã€�ä¸�诚信。
  C,他们�善于利用�事。
  D,他们认为这�努力�会带�任何结果。
  The game指的是å‰�é�¢æ��到的“sell yourself and your ideasâ€�ï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯åŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»ã€‚æ–‡ç« çš„ç¬¬å…æ®µè§£é‡Šäº†äººä»¬ä¸ºä½•ä¸�愿玩弄办公室手段,实际上å�ªæœ‰ä¸€å�¥è¯�:People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior。æ¤å�Žçš„内容å�˜æˆ�了对办公室政治的积æž�肯定,所以å�¯ä»¥åˆ¤æ–本题考查内容仅仅是这一å�¥è¯�,具体æ�¥è¯´ï¼Œä»…仅是manipulative这一个å�•è¯�,å��å��这个å�•è¯�çš„å�«ä¹‰å·²ç»�给出,这大大方便了我们å�šå‡ºæ£ç¡®çš„判æ–。“工于心计â€�是一个贬义è¯�ï¼Œäººä»¬å› ä¸ºè¡Œä¸ºå±žäºŽâ€œå·¥äºŽå¿ƒè®¡â€�而ä¸�去为之,应该是出于é�“å¾·ä¸Šçš„åŽŸå› ã€‚æœ¬é¢˜å�¯ä»¥å¾ˆå®¹æ˜“选出æ£ç¡®ç”案B。
  14. D
  题目问作者认为办公室政治……
  A,在工作场所��欢迎。
  B,对人际关系是有害的。
  C,对公�文化的�展�说是��或缺的。
  D,是个人å�‘展的é‡�è¦�å› ç´ ã€‚
  从 题目æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œä¼¼ä¹Žæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªé�žå¸¸å®½æ³›çš„é—®é¢˜ï¼›å› ä¸ºå…¨ç¯‡è®²çš„éƒ½æ˜¯åŠžå…¬å®¤æ”¿æ²»ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥è®©äººä¸�知从何下手。ä¸�过é�µå¾ªäº†å››çº§é˜…读出题规律,å�¯ä»¥åˆ¤æ–本题考查内容很å�¯èƒ½ä¸ºä¸Š 一题考查内容å�Žé�¢çš„部分。上一题考查了第五段的å�¥è¯�ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆæœ¬é¢˜çš„ç”æ¡ˆéœ€è¦�从这一å�¥è¯�之å�Žçš„内容ä¸å¯»æ‰¾ã€‚å�Žä¸€æ®µåº”该留给å�Žä¸€é¢˜ï¼Œä¸�需è¦�查看。
  与A相关的å�¥å�是many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.â€�,manyå�ªä»£è¡¨äº†ä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†äººï¼Œå¹¶ä¸�能以æ¤åˆ¤æ–办公室政治已ç»�æ™®é��ä¸�å�—欢迎。而且这å�¥è¯�å·²ç»�是考查过的内容,å†�次æˆ�为æ£ç¡®ç”案的å�¯èƒ½æ€§ä¸�大。
  第五段主è¦�内容是办公室的性质为being kind and helpful,对人å�‹å¥½ï¼Œä¹�于助人,这应该和B的说法æ£å¥½ç›¸å��ã€‚ç¬¬å…æ®µæ��到办公室政治involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment,大æ„�是在办公室环境内与人æ�žå¥½å…³ç³»ï¼Œä¹Ÿå’ŒB的说法相å��。由æ¤åˆ¤æ–Bä¸�对。
  至于Cï¼Œæ–‡ç« æ²¡æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥æ��到公å�¸æ–‡åŒ–,虽然å�¯ä»¥è®¤ä¸ºäººé™…关系算是公å�¸æ–‡åŒ–,但它毕竟å�ªèƒ½è¯´å…¬å�¸æ–‡åŒ–的一å°�部分,ä¸�能说办公室政治对公å�¸æ–‡åŒ–就是ä¸�å�¯æˆ–缺的。
  倒数第三段举出了一个和上级æ�žå¥½å…³ç³»å°±å�¯èƒ½èŽ·å¾—å�‡è�Œæœºä¼šçš„例å�,这说明办公室政治的确是个人å�‘展的é‡�è¦�å› ç´ ã€‚D的说法是æ£ç¡®çš„。
  15. B
  本题问作者的观点是……
  A,为自己说�是人类的天性。
  B,自我推广��得就是讨好奉承。
  C,努力工作对��的作用微乎其微。
  D,许多雇员没有认识到奉承讨好的需�。
  本题考查对å�Žä¸¤æ®µçš„ç�†è§£ã€‚è¿™ä¸¤æ®µçš„æ ¸å¿ƒæ˜¯è¿™ä¸€å�¥ï¼š Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.,主谓宾结构是others associate politics with flattery(其他人把办公室政治与奉承è�”系起æ�¥ï¼‰ï¼Œè€Œfearful引领了一个伴éš�状è¯ï¼Œå®Œæ•´å½¢å¼�是they are fearful that……that引导的宾è¯ä»Žå�¥æ„�æ€�是如果他们为自己说è¯�,就å�¯èƒ½ç»™äººå¥‰æ‰¿è€�æ�¿çš„å�°è±¡ã€‚这是一部分人的观点,作者认为这一观点是ä¸�å�¯å�–的,所以在å�Žä¸€æ®µæ��出了解决办法:recognizing the need for some self-promotion(承认自我推广的需è¦�)。这一å�¥æ‰¿è®¤äº†ä¸ºè‡ªå·±è¯´è¯�çš„æ£é�¢ä½œç”¨çš„å�Œæ—¶ï¼Œä¹Ÿé©³æ–¥äº†ä¸ºè‡ªå·±è¯´è¯�就是“奉承â€�è¿™ä¸€è§‚ç‚¹ã€‚è¿™æ ·å°±å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除D。
  关于A,human nature在“the first thing……â€�ä¸€æ®µä¸æœ‰æ‰€æ��å�Šï¼Œä½†è¿™é‡Œçš„人类本性指的是è€�æ�¿å€¾å�‘于æ��å�‡è‡ªå·±å–œæ¬¢çš„人这一本性,所以Aä¸�对。
  Cçš„è¯´æ³•æ˜Žæ˜¾å’Œæ–‡ç« çš„ä¸»æ—¨ç›¸è¿�,å�¯ä»¥å¾ˆå®¹æ˜“排除。
  编辑推�:
  2011å¹´12月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
  2011å¹´6月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
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