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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  2004.6
  Passage One
  Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
  A is for always getting to work on time.
  B is for being extremely busy.
  C is for the conscientious (勤勤��的) way you do your job.
  You may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.
  Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn’t ensure career advancement. You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Yet, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics—a better job, a raise, praise—many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.�
  “People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior,� says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. “But politics derives from the word ‘polite’. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.�
  In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one’s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment—not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.
  “The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,’� says Neil P Lewis, a management psychologist. “But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It’s simple human nature.�
  Yet, psychologists say, many employees and employers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承), fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.
  Experts suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.
  11. “Office politics� (Line 2, Para. 4) is used in the passage to refer to ________.
  A) the code of behavior for company staff
  B) the political views and beliefs of office workers
  C) the interpersonal relationships within a company
  D) the various qualities required for a successful career(C)
  12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ________.
  A) give his boss a good impression
  B) honest and loyal to his company
  C) get along well with his colleagues
  D) avoid being too outstanding(D)
  13. Why are many people unwilling to “play the game� (Line 4, Para. 5)?
  A) They believe that doing so is impractical.
  B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.
  C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.
  D) They think the effort will get them nowhere.(B)
  14. The author considers office politics to be ________.
  A) unwelcome at the workplace
  B) bad for interpersonal relationships
  C) indispensable to the development of company culture
  D) an important factor for personal advancement(D)
  15. It is the author’s view that ________.
  A) speaking up for oneself is part of human nature
  B) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flattery
  C) hard work contributes very little to one’s promotion
  D) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery(B)
  这篇�料的主�内容是办公室政治(office politics),从介�办公室政治的�义�好处开始,讲到现实生活中人们�愿进行办公室政治的现象�其原因,�给出了改�这�情况的建议。
  ��的几段主�是介�办公室政治的�义�其所能带�的好处。�三个��以A�B�C打头列出了办公室生存的基本原则,而�把办公室政治作为它们的补充自然地�了出�(为了与ABC相��,简称为P)。作者引用Carnegie的�对办公室政治�了�步的定义,也就是be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes,无论公开�公开场�,都�能够推销你自己和你自己的想法。��紧接�的一��一箭�雕,既说出了办公室政治的好处(a better job, a raise, praise),也指出人们�愿�办公室政治的事实,为下文分�原因��出建议铺好了�路。
  ��的几段主�是�分�办公室政治在一些人那里��欢迎的原因。首先人们把它看�是工于心计的行为(manipulative behavior),而�作者对这一原因�了评�,指出办公室政治实际上并�如此(�而�于polite,礼貌)。下一段介�专家的观点,进一步解释办公室政治的�义和应用的正当性,而�引用Neil P Lewis的�对此�了强调(It’s simple human nature,办公室政治是人类的天性而已)。
  �一段简�地给出了建议:承认自我的推销的需�(recognizing the need for some self-promotion)。
  11. C
  题目问办公室政治一�在文中用�指……
  A,公��员的行为准则。
  B,办公室员工的政治观点和信仰。
  C,公�内部的人际关系。
  D,�功�业生涯所需�的��素质。
  文中对办公室政治有明确的定义:You have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes。把四个选项和这个定义进行对比就�得出答案。
  先看A。Code是指法规�准则。A把办公室政治�解为员工的行为准则,文章没有�到类似内容。
  B把办公室政治解释为员工的政治观点和信仰,是对Office politics望文生义,没有得到文章内容的支�。
  C的说法有一定��。从定义�看,把自己和自己的想法推销出去的��应该是让大家都喜欢自己,都接�自己的观点,这应该属于人际关系的范畴。
  D的说法有一定迷惑性,因为文章�几段论述的基本都是�业生涯�功所具备的一些素质。�过,应该看到办公室政治仅是诸多素质中的一�,它和A�B�C�起��能算是“��素质�。
  本题选C。
  12. A
  题目问为了��,一个人�仅需�一定的工作能力,而且……
  A,还�给��留下一个好�象。
  B,对公�诚实�忠诚。
  C,和�事�好关系。
  D,��太出风头。
  题目里的关键�是promoted,也就是��。在文章中快速定�这个�。文章�到��是这一�:But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best,大�是如果两到三个候选人一起竞争�一个��机会,在能力相当的情况下,��会��他们喜欢的那一个。这里�到了“能力相当�,照应题目里的not only competent。在能力相当的情况下,��的关键在于�到��喜欢,这应该就是A所说的还�给��留下一个好�象。所以本题�以直接选择A,其他几个选项看似都有��,但在文章明确指出“��好感�这一项时,应该毫�犹豫地选择A。
  13. B
  题目问为什么许多人�愿“玩这一游��?
  A,他们认为如此�法毫无用处。
  B,他们认为这样的行为��德��诚信。
  C,他们�善于利用�事。
  D,他们认为这�努力�会带�任何结果。
  The game指的是���到的“sell yourself and your ideas�,也就是办公室政治。文章的第六段解释了人们为何�愿玩弄办公室手段,实际上�有一��:People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心计的) behavior。此�的内容��了对办公室政治的积�肯定,所以�以判断本题考查内容仅仅是这一��,具体�说,仅仅是manipulative这一个��,��这个��的�义已�给出,这大大方便了我们�出正确的判断。“工于心计�是一个贬义�,人们因为行为属于“工于心计�而�去为之,应该是出于�德上的原因。本题�以很容易选出正确答案B。
  14. D
  题目问作者认为办公室政治……
  A,在工作场所��欢迎。
  B,对人际关系是有害的。
  C,对公�文化的�展�说是��或缺的。
  D,是个人�展的��因素。
  从 题目�看,似乎是一个�常宽泛的问题;因为全篇讲的都是办公室政治,所以让人�知从何下手。�过�循了四级阅读出题规律,�以判断本题考查内容很�能为上 一题考查内容��的部分。上一题考查了第五段的��,那么本题的答案需�从这一��之�的内容中寻找。�一段应该留给�一题,�需�查看。
  与A相关的��是many people are still unable—or unwilling—to “play the game.�,many�代表了一部分人,并�能以此判断办公室政治已�普���欢迎。而且这��已�是考查过的内容,�次�为正确答案的�能性�大。
  第五段主�内容是办公室的性质为being kind and helpful,对人�好,�于助人,这应该和B的说法正好相�。第六段�到办公室政治involves some form Of Socializing within the office environment,大�是在办公室环境内与人�好关系,也和B的说法相�。由此判断B�对。
  至于C,文章没有直接�到公�文化,虽然�以认为人际关系算是公�文化,但它毕竟�能说公�文化的一�部分,�能说办公室政治对公�文化就是��或缺的。
  倒数第三段举出了一个和上级�好关系就�能获得��机会的例�,这说明办公室政治的确是个人�展的��因素。D的说法是正确的。
  15. B
  本题问作者的观点是……
  A,为自己说�是人类的天性。
  B,自我推广��得就是讨好奉承。
  C,努力工作对��的作用微乎其微。
  D,许多雇员没有认识到奉承讨好的需�。
  本题考查对�两段的�解。这两段的核心是这一�: Still others associate politics with flattery, fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.,主谓宾结构是others associate politics with flattery(其他人把办公室政治与奉承�系起�),而fearful引领了一个伴�状语,完整形�是they are fearful that……that引导的宾语从���是如果他们为自己说�,就�能给人奉承��的�象。这是一部分人的观点,作者认为这一观点是���的,所以在�一段�出了解决办法:recognizing the need for some self-promotion(承认自我推广的需�)。这一�承认了为自己说�的正�作用的�时,也驳斥了为自己说�就是“奉承�这一观点。这样就�以排除D。
  关于A,human nature在“the first thing……�一段中有所��,但这里的人类本性指的是��倾�于��自己喜欢的人这一本性,所以A�对。
  C的说法明显和文章的主旨相�,�以很容易排除。

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