历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2002-2004)
- 第1页:2002.1�Passageone
- 第2页:2002.1�PassageTwo
- 第3页:2002.1�PassageThree
- 第4页:2002.1�PassageFour
- 第5页:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6页:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9页:2003.1-Passage One
  Passage Four
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
  The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation’s moral climate, says this ethics (伦ç�†å¦) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
  But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me’ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,� Ms. Elshtain says.
  Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
  In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
  The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽æŒ) for some nonexistent “golden age,â€� Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.
  Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant’ be bought.�
  36. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ________.
  A) have adapted to a new set of moral standards
  B) are longing for the return of the good old days
  C) have realized the importance of material things
  D) are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards(D)
  37. The moral decline of American society is caused manly by ________.
  A) its growing wealth
  B) the self-centeredness of individuals
  C) underestimating the impact of social changes
  D) the prejudice against women and minorities(B)
  38. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?
  A) Great mobility.
  B) Concern for one’s neighbors.
  C) Emphasis on individual effort.
  D) Ever-weakening social bonds.(B)
  39. In the 1950s, classroom violence ________.
  A) was something unheard of
  B) was by no means a rare occurrence
  C) attracted a lot of pubic attention
  D) began to appear in analysts’ data(A)
  40. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ________.
  A) if people can return to the “golden age�
  B) when women and mean enjoy equal rights
  C) when people rid themselves of prejudice
  D) if less emphasis is laid on material things(D)
  这篇�料讲的是美国社会的�德衰�问题。个�段首先�到社会�德衰�的问题终于�到了普通民众的关注(at last captured the attention of average Americans)。之�的一段则说明了这�现象的出现会带�什么影�:is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it,��是普通民众的关注会促进新想法的产生,从而有助于解决�德衰�问题。
  然而é�“å¾·è¡°è�½é—®é¢˜çš„解决ç»�é�žè¯´èµ·æ�¥é‚£ä¹ˆå®¹æ˜“,第三段说明了这里å˜åœ¨çš„主è¦�éšœç¢�是物质主义和个人主义在美国社会的泛滥(Materialism and individualism in American society),专家认为这些æ€�想在美国的国民æ„�识ä¸å·²ç»�æ ¹æ·±è’‚å›ºï¼ˆdeeply rooted in the national consciousness)。
ã€€ã€€é‚£ä¹ˆæ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆé€ æˆ�äº†ä¸ªäººä¸»ä¹‰çš„æ³›æ»¥å‘¢ï¼Ÿä¸‹ä¸€æ®µè®¤ä¸ºéƒ¨åˆ†åŽŸå› æ˜¯ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„è§£ä½“ï¼ˆdisintegration of traditional communitiesï¼‰ã€‚åœ¨ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºä¸ï¼Œé‚»é‡Œé‚»å±…会互相关照,而今天,人å�£æµ�动性大和普é��çš„å�Œè�Œå·¥çŽ°è±¡ä½¿äººä»¬çš„è�”ç³»ä¸�å†�那么紧密(greater mobility and with so many couples working),个人转而å�—到了更多的é‡�视。
  解æž�å®ŒåŽŸå› ä¹‹å�Žï¼Œä½œè€…å�ˆæŠŠè¯�题转了回æ�¥ï¼Œé‡�新说明开头的论题:美国民众对é�“å¾·è¡°è�½çš„关注。作者æ�´å¼•1996年的一次问å�·è°ƒæŸ¥ï¼ŒæŒ‡å‡ºé�“å¾·è¡°è�½æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½æ‰€é�¢ä¸´çš„问题,而å�Žå€ŸæŸ�ä½�专家之å�£å�šå‡ºè¯„æž�:民众确实有ç�†ç”±å¯¹é�“å¾·è¡°è�½æŠ•ä»¥å…³æ³¨ï¼Œå› ä¸ºçŽ°åœ¨çš„å¾ˆå¤šé—®é¢˜ï¼Œæ¯”å¦‚ç�级暴力ç‰åœ¨äº”å��年代是闻所未闻的。
  下é�¢çš„一段比较难于ç�†è§£ã€‚The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament for some nonexistent “golden ageâ€�ï¼Œä¸»è¯æ¯”较简å�•,指的就是民众对é�“å¾·æ��å�‡çš„è¦�求。Lament是挽æŒçš„æ„�æ€�,nonexistent “golden ageâ€�是ä¸�å˜åœ¨çš„黄金时代。å�¯ä»¥è¿™ä¹ˆç�†è§£ï¼Œåœ¨è¯´è¯�人看æ�¥ï¼Œæ›¾ç»�çš„é�“德水平较高的时代并ä¸�能算是一个黄金时代,所以称之为nonexistent,而lament for则 æ„�味ç�€è¿™ä¸€æ—¶ä»£çš„终结,å�¦åˆ™ä¸�会出现这个时代的挽æŒã€‚总的æ„�æ€�是:民众对é�“å¾·æ��å�‡çš„è¦�求,并ä¸�代表一个黄金时代的结æ�Ÿï¼›å��过æ�¥ç�†è§£å°±æ˜¯ï¼Œå› 为过去那个时代 çš„é�“德水平较高,å�¯ä»¥è¢«æŸ�些人看å�šæ˜¯é»„é‡‘æ—¶ä»£ï¼ˆåœ¨è¯´è¯�人看æ�¥ä¸�是),而现在民众们都在è¦�求æ��å�‡ç¤¾ä¼šé�“德,说明社会é�“德水平较高的时代已ç»�ä¸�å˜åœ¨äº†ã€‚
  nor is it a wishful longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minoritieså—é�¢æ„�æ€�是“也ä¸�是对一个时代的渴望,这个时代没有给女人和少数民æ—�机会。â€�从这å�¥è¯�å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œåœ¨è¿‡åŽ»çš„é‚£ä¸ªæ—¶ä»£ï¼Œè™½ç„¶é�“德水平较高,但是å�´å˜åœ¨æ§è§†å¥³æ€§å’Œå°‘æ•°æ°‘æ—�的现象,作者认为现在的人们希求的ä¸�æ˜¯é‚£æ ·çš„ä¸€ä¸ªæ—¶ä»£ã€‚å�Žé�¢çš„一å�¥æŒ‡å‡ºï¼ŒçŽ°åœ¨çš„äººä»¬å¸Œæœ›å‡�å°‘æ§è§†ã€‚
  æ��æ–™å�Žä¸€æ®µæŒ‡æ˜Žè§£å†³é�“å¾·è¡°è�½é—®é¢˜çš„基本方å�‘:find ways to counter the materialism in society。å�Žä¸€å�¥ä¹Ÿå˜åœ¨ç�†è§£é—®é¢˜ï¼ŒYou recognize that the things that matter are those that cant’ be bought,这里需è¦�注æ„�的是matterçš„æ„�æ€�,matter是ä¸�å�Šç‰©åЍè¯�,其å�‘出者是things,æ„�æ€�是“那些è¦�ç´§çš„äº‹æƒ…ï¼ŒçœŸæ£æœ‰æ„�义的事情â€�。
  36. D
  题目问这�教授�常高兴地看到美国人……
  A,适应了一套新的é�“å¾·æ ‡å‡†ã€‚
  B,渴望回到美好的过去。
  C,已��识到物质的��性。
  D,对他们é�“å¾·æ ‡å‡†çš„è¡°è�½äº‹å®žæ£åœ¨é†’悟。
  å�¯ä»¥çœ‹åˆ°é¢˜ç›®æ��到了教授的pleased(高兴),这是一个é™�å®šç‚¹ï¼Œåœ¨æ–‡ç« ä¸çš„直接æ��述是段å�Žä¸€å�¥ï¼ˆAnd Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is gladï¼‰ã€‚è¿™æ ·å�¯ä»¥æ–定这é�“é¢˜è€ƒæŸ¥çš„æ˜¯æ–‡ç« çš„å�¥è¯�。为了便于ç�†è§£ï¼Œå�¯ä»¥æŠŠç ´æŠ˜å�·ä¸é—´çš„å�¥å�去掉。这å�¥è¯�çš„ä¸»è¯æ˜¯â€œé�“å¾·æ ‡å‡†çš„ä¸‹é™�â€�(decline in moral standardsï¼‰ï¼Œè°“è¯æ˜¯capture(抓ä½�ï¼‰ï¼Œå®¾è¯æ˜¯â€œæ™®é€šç¾Žå›½äººçš„关注â€�。那么æ„�æ€�很清楚了:普通美国人关注起了é�“å¾·æ ‡å‡†çš„ä¸‹é™�ã€‚å››ä¸ªç”æ¡ˆä¸D是æ£ç¡®çš„。
   37. B
  题目问美国社会的�德衰�主�是由什么引起的。
  A,美国ä¸�æ–增长的财富。
  B,个人的自我ä¸å¿ƒä¸»ä¹‰ã€‚
  C,对社会��影�的低估。
  D,对妇女和少数民�的��。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« ç¬¬ä¸‰æ®µæ˜¯å¯¹é�“å¾·è¡°è�½åŽŸå› çš„åˆ†æž�。Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles,从这å�¥å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºç‰©è´¨ä¸»ä¹‰å’Œä¸ªäººä¸»ä¹‰è¿™ä¸¤ç‚¹æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½ç¤¾ä¼šçš„éšœç¢�,也是引å�‘é�“å¾·è¡°è�½çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚Materialism,物质主义,指对物 质财富的崇尚,和财富本身的增长没有直接è�”系(比如纵使财富增长,人们å�´å¹¶ä¸�å´‡å°šè´¢å¯Œï¼‰ï¼Œå› æ¤A的说法ä¸�对。
  个人的自我ä¸å¿ƒä¸»ä¹‰åº”该属于individualismï¼Œå› æ¤B的说法æ£ç¡®ã€‚
  第三段��与C的说法有关。the challenge is not to be underestimated,挑战�应被低估。这里的挑战就是指的Materialism和individualism。出题人在这里用了一招障眼法,把challenge��了形近的change,相信眼尖的考生�会上当。
  D所述的the prejudice against women and minoritieså‡ºçŽ°åœ¨å€’æ•°ç¬¬äºŒæ®µï¼Œæ ¹æ�®ç¯‡ç« 分æž�对这一段的说明,这ç§�æ§è§†çŽ°è±¡æ˜¯è¿‡åŽ»é‚£ä¸ªé�“å¾·æ°´å¹³è¾ƒé«˜æ—¶ä»£çš„çŽ°è±¡ï¼Œå› æ¤ç»�ä¸�会是它引起了现今é�“德水平的下é™�。
  38. B
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®ä¸‹åˆ—å“ªä¸€é¡¹å±žäºŽä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚
  A,高�动性。
  B,对邻居的关心。
  C,对个人努力的�视。
  D,ä¸�æ–弱化的社会è�”系。
  上一段考查的是第三å°�段,这一段应该考查第四或第五段了。从内容æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œç¬¬å››å°�æ®µè°ˆåˆ°äº†ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„æƒ…å†µï¼Œå› æ¤ç”案应该就在第四段。
  首先æ�¥çœ‹å�¥ï¼ŒSome of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says。主å�¥çš„æ„�æ€�æ˜¯éƒ¨åˆ†åŽŸå› å�¯ä»¥å½’äºŽä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„è§£ä½“ï¼Œå�Žé�¢çš„从å�¥ç”¨æ�¥å¯¹ä¼ 统社区进行é™�定(in whichä¸çš„whichæŒ‡ä»£çš„å°±æ˜¯ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºï¼‰ï¼Œæ„�æ€�æ˜¯â€œåœ¨ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºä¸ï¼Œé‚»å±…们会互相关照â€�。由æ¤å�¯è§�ï¼Œå¯¹é‚»å±…çš„å…³ç…§æ˜¯ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚è¿™æ ·ç”æ¡ˆå°±å¾ˆæ¸…楚了,Bçš„æ„�æ€�与æ¤ä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  其他三个选项考查对第四段å�Žå�Šéƒ¨åˆ†çš„ç�†è§£ã€‚With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self,这里æ��到了高æµ�动性(greater mobility),高æµ�动性实际应该是指人å�£å±…ä½�地ä¸�æ–å�˜åŒ–,邻居之间相处时间ä¸�ä¼šå¾ˆé•¿ï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ— æ³•åŸ¹å…»è‰¯å¥½å…³ç³»ï¼Œå½“ç„¶ä¹Ÿä¸�会互相关心互相照料。å�¯ä»¥è¯´A æ˜¯é€ æˆ�Cå’ŒDçš„åŽŸå› ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼ˆå�¦ä¸€åŽŸå› æ˜¯å�Œè�Œå·¥â€”—夫妻二人都去上ç�,也就很少有机会和邻居交往),而Cå’ŒD都是现今社会的特点,ä¸�æ˜¯ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚
  39. A
  题目问在20世纪50年代,ç�级暴力如何如何。
  A,闻所未闻。
  B,���然�生。
  C,�引了公众很多关注。
  D,开始出现在分æž�家们的数æ�®ä¸ã€‚
  classroom violence出现在第五段的å�Žä¸€å�¥ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆåº”è¯¥é¦–å…ˆåŽ»ç¬¬äº”æ®µå¯»æ‰¾ç”æ¡ˆã€‚整个å�¥å�æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„ï¼šData show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers,开头是“数æ�®è¡¨æ˜Žâ€�,å�Žé�¢æ˜¯æ•°æ�®æ‰€æ˜¾ç¤ºçš„内容。Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s,美国人æ£åœ¨å�Œè®¸å¤šé—®é¢˜å�šæ–—äº‰ï¼Œè¿™äº›é—®é¢˜åœ¨äº”å��年代闻所未闻(unheard of),such as表示例举,说明classroom violence是problems的一个例å�。
  四个选项ä¸A肯定是æ£ç¡®çš„。B的说法与Aæ£å¥½ç›¸å��(by no means,ç»�é�žï¼›rare,æž�少。å�Œé‡�å�¦å®šç‰äºŽè‚¯å®šï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯è¯´ç�级暴力在五å��年代ç»�常å�‘生),是错误的。C的说法与A相互矛盾,既然闻所未闻,也就ä¸�å�¯èƒ½æŠ•入关注。
  D有一定迷惑性,按照å�¥æ„�,ç�级暴力肯定å˜åœ¨äºŽåˆ†æž�家的数æ�®ä¸ï¼Œå› 为å�¥å¤´å°±æœ‰data show。但è¦�注æ„�,题目的开头有一å�¥In the 1950s,也就是说ç�级暴力进入分æž�家的数æ�®æ˜¯åœ¨50年代。ç�级暴力在那时尚且闻所未闻,当然是ä¸�å�¯èƒ½è¿›å…¥åˆ†æž�æ•°æ�®çš„。
  40. D
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®æ ¹æ�®Elshtain的说法,当å‰�çš„é�“å¾·è¡°è�½åœ¨ä»€ä¹ˆæƒ…况下会“å��转â€�(也就是å�˜è¡°è�½ä¸ºæ��å�‡ï¼‰ã€‚
  A,如果人们能够回到黄金时代。
  B,当男性与女性享有å�Œç‰çš„æ�ƒåˆ©ã€‚
  C,当人们消除了��。
  D,当物质较少�到�视的时候。
  看了题目以å�Žï¼Œå�¯ä»¥å�‘现å�Žä¸€æ®µçš„å�¥è¯�直接æ��到了Moral declineå’Œreversed:Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society。这里使用了一个not untilå�¥å¼�,这ç§�å�¥å¼�与ä¸å›½äººçš„æ€�维相差较大,å�¯ä»¥æŠŠnot去掉ã€�untilæ�¢æˆ�whenæ�¥ç�†è§£ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„è¯�,å�¥æ„�就很明显了:é�“å¾·è¡°è�½å‡ºçްå��转是在人们å�‘现对付社会æµ�行的物质主义的方法的时候。这个æ„�æ€�应该说与Dé�žå¸¸æŽ¥è¿‘,应该选D。
  Aã€�Bã€�Cè€ƒæŸ¥çš„éƒ½æ˜¯å€’æ•°ç¬¬äºŒæ®µçš„å†…å®¹ã€‚ç¯‡ç« åˆ†æž�å·²ç»�对这一段进行了详细说明。
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  The decline in moral standards—which has long concerned social analysts—has at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.
  The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nation’s moral climate, says this ethics (伦ç�†å¦) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.
  But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that ‘I’m in it for me’ has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,� Ms. Elshtain says.
  Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.
  In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.
  The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament (挽æŒ) for some nonexistent “golden age,â€� Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.
  Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant’ be bought.�
  36. Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans ________.
  A) have adapted to a new set of moral standards
  B) are longing for the return of the good old days
  C) have realized the importance of material things
  D) are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards(D)
  37. The moral decline of American society is caused manly by ________.
  A) its growing wealth
  B) the self-centeredness of individuals
  C) underestimating the impact of social changes
  D) the prejudice against women and minorities(B)
  38. Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?
  A) Great mobility.
  B) Concern for one’s neighbors.
  C) Emphasis on individual effort.
  D) Ever-weakening social bonds.(B)
  39. In the 1950s, classroom violence ________.
  A) was something unheard of
  B) was by no means a rare occurrence
  C) attracted a lot of pubic attention
  D) began to appear in analysts’ data(A)
  40. According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed ________.
  A) if people can return to the “golden age�
  B) when women and mean enjoy equal rights
  C) when people rid themselves of prejudice
  D) if less emphasis is laid on material things(D)
  这篇�料讲的是美国社会的�德衰�问题。个�段首先�到社会�德衰�的问题终于�到了普通民众的关注(at last captured the attention of average Americans)。之�的一段则说明了这�现象的出现会带�什么影�:is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it,��是普通民众的关注会促进新想法的产生,从而有助于解决�德衰�问题。
  然而é�“å¾·è¡°è�½é—®é¢˜çš„解决ç»�é�žè¯´èµ·æ�¥é‚£ä¹ˆå®¹æ˜“,第三段说明了这里å˜åœ¨çš„主è¦�éšœç¢�是物质主义和个人主义在美国社会的泛滥(Materialism and individualism in American society),专家认为这些æ€�想在美国的国民æ„�识ä¸å·²ç»�æ ¹æ·±è’‚å›ºï¼ˆdeeply rooted in the national consciousness)。
ã€€ã€€é‚£ä¹ˆæ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆé€ æˆ�äº†ä¸ªäººä¸»ä¹‰çš„æ³›æ»¥å‘¢ï¼Ÿä¸‹ä¸€æ®µè®¤ä¸ºéƒ¨åˆ†åŽŸå› æ˜¯ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„è§£ä½“ï¼ˆdisintegration of traditional communitiesï¼‰ã€‚åœ¨ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºä¸ï¼Œé‚»é‡Œé‚»å±…会互相关照,而今天,人å�£æµ�动性大和普é��çš„å�Œè�Œå·¥çŽ°è±¡ä½¿äººä»¬çš„è�”ç³»ä¸�å†�那么紧密(greater mobility and with so many couples working),个人转而å�—到了更多的é‡�视。
  解æž�å®ŒåŽŸå› ä¹‹å�Žï¼Œä½œè€…å�ˆæŠŠè¯�题转了回æ�¥ï¼Œé‡�新说明开头的论题:美国民众对é�“å¾·è¡°è�½çš„关注。作者æ�´å¼•1996年的一次问å�·è°ƒæŸ¥ï¼ŒæŒ‡å‡ºé�“å¾·è¡°è�½æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½æ‰€é�¢ä¸´çš„问题,而å�Žå€ŸæŸ�ä½�专家之å�£å�šå‡ºè¯„æž�:民众确实有ç�†ç”±å¯¹é�“å¾·è¡°è�½æŠ•ä»¥å…³æ³¨ï¼Œå› ä¸ºçŽ°åœ¨çš„å¾ˆå¤šé—®é¢˜ï¼Œæ¯”å¦‚ç�级暴力ç‰åœ¨äº”å��年代是闻所未闻的。
  下é�¢çš„一段比较难于ç�†è§£ã€‚The desire for a higher moral standard is not a lament for some nonexistent “golden ageâ€�ï¼Œä¸»è¯æ¯”较简å�•,指的就是民众对é�“å¾·æ��å�‡çš„è¦�求。Lament是挽æŒçš„æ„�æ€�,nonexistent “golden ageâ€�是ä¸�å˜åœ¨çš„黄金时代。å�¯ä»¥è¿™ä¹ˆç�†è§£ï¼Œåœ¨è¯´è¯�人看æ�¥ï¼Œæ›¾ç»�çš„é�“德水平较高的时代并ä¸�能算是一个黄金时代,所以称之为nonexistent,而lament for则 æ„�味ç�€è¿™ä¸€æ—¶ä»£çš„终结,å�¦åˆ™ä¸�会出现这个时代的挽æŒã€‚总的æ„�æ€�是:民众对é�“å¾·æ��å�‡çš„è¦�求,并ä¸�代表一个黄金时代的结æ�Ÿï¼›å��过æ�¥ç�†è§£å°±æ˜¯ï¼Œå› 为过去那个时代 çš„é�“德水平较高,å�¯ä»¥è¢«æŸ�些人看å�šæ˜¯é»„é‡‘æ—¶ä»£ï¼ˆåœ¨è¯´è¯�人看æ�¥ä¸�是),而现在民众们都在è¦�求æ��å�‡ç¤¾ä¼šé�“德,说明社会é�“德水平较高的时代已ç»�ä¸�å˜åœ¨äº†ã€‚
  nor is it a wishful longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minoritieså—é�¢æ„�æ€�是“也ä¸�是对一个时代的渴望,这个时代没有给女人和少数民æ—�机会。â€�从这å�¥è¯�å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œåœ¨è¿‡åŽ»çš„é‚£ä¸ªæ—¶ä»£ï¼Œè™½ç„¶é�“德水平较高,但是å�´å˜åœ¨æ§è§†å¥³æ€§å’Œå°‘æ•°æ°‘æ—�的现象,作者认为现在的人们希求的ä¸�æ˜¯é‚£æ ·çš„ä¸€ä¸ªæ—¶ä»£ã€‚å�Žé�¢çš„一å�¥æŒ‡å‡ºï¼ŒçŽ°åœ¨çš„äººä»¬å¸Œæœ›å‡�å°‘æ§è§†ã€‚
  æ��æ–™å�Žä¸€æ®µæŒ‡æ˜Žè§£å†³é�“å¾·è¡°è�½é—®é¢˜çš„基本方å�‘:find ways to counter the materialism in society。å�Žä¸€å�¥ä¹Ÿå˜åœ¨ç�†è§£é—®é¢˜ï¼ŒYou recognize that the things that matter are those that cant’ be bought,这里需è¦�注æ„�的是matterçš„æ„�æ€�,matter是ä¸�å�Šç‰©åЍè¯�,其å�‘出者是things,æ„�æ€�是“那些è¦�ç´§çš„äº‹æƒ…ï¼ŒçœŸæ£æœ‰æ„�义的事情â€�。
  36. D
  题目问这�教授�常高兴地看到美国人……
  A,适应了一套新的é�“å¾·æ ‡å‡†ã€‚
  B,渴望回到美好的过去。
  C,已��识到物质的��性。
  D,对他们é�“å¾·æ ‡å‡†çš„è¡°è�½äº‹å®žæ£åœ¨é†’悟。
  å�¯ä»¥çœ‹åˆ°é¢˜ç›®æ��到了教授的pleased(高兴),这是一个é™�å®šç‚¹ï¼Œåœ¨æ–‡ç« ä¸çš„直接æ��述是段å�Žä¸€å�¥ï¼ˆAnd Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is gladï¼‰ã€‚è¿™æ ·å�¯ä»¥æ–定这é�“é¢˜è€ƒæŸ¥çš„æ˜¯æ–‡ç« çš„å�¥è¯�。为了便于ç�†è§£ï¼Œå�¯ä»¥æŠŠç ´æŠ˜å�·ä¸é—´çš„å�¥å�去掉。这å�¥è¯�çš„ä¸»è¯æ˜¯â€œé�“å¾·æ ‡å‡†çš„ä¸‹é™�â€�(decline in moral standardsï¼‰ï¼Œè°“è¯æ˜¯capture(抓ä½�ï¼‰ï¼Œå®¾è¯æ˜¯â€œæ™®é€šç¾Žå›½äººçš„关注â€�。那么æ„�æ€�很清楚了:普通美国人关注起了é�“å¾·æ ‡å‡†çš„ä¸‹é™�ã€‚å››ä¸ªç”æ¡ˆä¸D是æ£ç¡®çš„。
   37. B
  题目问美国社会的�德衰�主�是由什么引起的。
  A,美国ä¸�æ–增长的财富。
  B,个人的自我ä¸å¿ƒä¸»ä¹‰ã€‚
  C,对社会��影�的低估。
  D,对妇女和少数民�的��。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« ç¬¬ä¸‰æ®µæ˜¯å¯¹é�“å¾·è¡°è�½åŽŸå› çš„åˆ†æž�。Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles,从这å�¥å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºç‰©è´¨ä¸»ä¹‰å’Œä¸ªäººä¸»ä¹‰è¿™ä¸¤ç‚¹æ˜¯ç¾Žå›½ç¤¾ä¼šçš„éšœç¢�,也是引å�‘é�“å¾·è¡°è�½çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚Materialism,物质主义,指对物 质财富的崇尚,和财富本身的增长没有直接è�”系(比如纵使财富增长,人们å�´å¹¶ä¸�å´‡å°šè´¢å¯Œï¼‰ï¼Œå› æ¤A的说法ä¸�对。
  个人的自我ä¸å¿ƒä¸»ä¹‰åº”该属于individualismï¼Œå› æ¤B的说法æ£ç¡®ã€‚
  第三段��与C的说法有关。the challenge is not to be underestimated,挑战�应被低估。这里的挑战就是指的Materialism和individualism。出题人在这里用了一招障眼法,把challenge��了形近的change,相信眼尖的考生�会上当。
  D所述的the prejudice against women and minoritieså‡ºçŽ°åœ¨å€’æ•°ç¬¬äºŒæ®µï¼Œæ ¹æ�®ç¯‡ç« 分æž�对这一段的说明,这ç§�æ§è§†çŽ°è±¡æ˜¯è¿‡åŽ»é‚£ä¸ªé�“å¾·æ°´å¹³è¾ƒé«˜æ—¶ä»£çš„çŽ°è±¡ï¼Œå› æ¤ç»�ä¸�会是它引起了现今é�“德水平的下é™�。
  38. B
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®ä¸‹åˆ—å“ªä¸€é¡¹å±žäºŽä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚
  A,高�动性。
  B,对邻居的关心。
  C,对个人努力的�视。
  D,ä¸�æ–弱化的社会è�”系。
  上一段考查的是第三å°�段,这一段应该考查第四或第五段了。从内容æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œç¬¬å››å°�æ®µè°ˆåˆ°äº†ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„æƒ…å†µï¼Œå› æ¤ç”案应该就在第四段。
  首先æ�¥çœ‹å�¥ï¼ŒSome of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says。主å�¥çš„æ„�æ€�æ˜¯éƒ¨åˆ†åŽŸå› å�¯ä»¥å½’äºŽä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„è§£ä½“ï¼Œå�Žé�¢çš„从å�¥ç”¨æ�¥å¯¹ä¼ 统社区进行é™�定(in whichä¸çš„whichæŒ‡ä»£çš„å°±æ˜¯ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºï¼‰ï¼Œæ„�æ€�æ˜¯â€œåœ¨ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºä¸ï¼Œé‚»å±…们会互相关照â€�。由æ¤å�¯è§�ï¼Œå¯¹é‚»å±…çš„å…³ç…§æ˜¯ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚è¿™æ ·ç”æ¡ˆå°±å¾ˆæ¸…楚了,Bçš„æ„�æ€�与æ¤ä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  其他三个选项考查对第四段å�Žå�Šéƒ¨åˆ†çš„ç�†è§£ã€‚With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self,这里æ��到了高æµ�动性(greater mobility),高æµ�动性实际应该是指人å�£å±…ä½�地ä¸�æ–å�˜åŒ–,邻居之间相处时间ä¸�ä¼šå¾ˆé•¿ï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ— æ³•åŸ¹å…»è‰¯å¥½å…³ç³»ï¼Œå½“ç„¶ä¹Ÿä¸�会互相关心互相照料。å�¯ä»¥è¯´A æ˜¯é€ æˆ�Cå’ŒDçš„åŽŸå› ä¹‹ä¸€ï¼ˆå�¦ä¸€åŽŸå› æ˜¯å�Œè�Œå·¥â€”—夫妻二人都去上ç�,也就很少有机会和邻居交往),而Cå’ŒD都是现今社会的特点,ä¸�æ˜¯ä¼ ç»Ÿç¤¾åŒºçš„ç‰¹ç‚¹ã€‚
  39. A
  题目问在20世纪50年代,ç�级暴力如何如何。
  A,闻所未闻。
  B,���然�生。
  C,�引了公众很多关注。
  D,开始出现在分æž�家们的数æ�®ä¸ã€‚
  classroom violence出现在第五段的å�Žä¸€å�¥ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆåº”è¯¥é¦–å…ˆåŽ»ç¬¬äº”æ®µå¯»æ‰¾ç”æ¡ˆã€‚整个å�¥å�æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„ï¼šData show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers,开头是“数æ�®è¡¨æ˜Žâ€�,å�Žé�¢æ˜¯æ•°æ�®æ‰€æ˜¾ç¤ºçš„内容。Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s,美国人æ£åœ¨å�Œè®¸å¤šé—®é¢˜å�šæ–—äº‰ï¼Œè¿™äº›é—®é¢˜åœ¨äº”å��年代闻所未闻(unheard of),such as表示例举,说明classroom violence是problems的一个例å�。
  四个选项ä¸A肯定是æ£ç¡®çš„。B的说法与Aæ£å¥½ç›¸å��(by no means,ç»�é�žï¼›rare,æž�少。å�Œé‡�å�¦å®šç‰äºŽè‚¯å®šï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯è¯´ç�级暴力在五å��年代ç»�常å�‘生),是错误的。C的说法与A相互矛盾,既然闻所未闻,也就ä¸�å�¯èƒ½æŠ•入关注。
  D有一定迷惑性,按照å�¥æ„�,ç�级暴力肯定å˜åœ¨äºŽåˆ†æž�家的数æ�®ä¸ï¼Œå› 为å�¥å¤´å°±æœ‰data show。但è¦�注æ„�,题目的开头有一å�¥In the 1950s,也就是说ç�级暴力进入分æž�家的数æ�®æ˜¯åœ¨50年代。ç�级暴力在那时尚且闻所未闻,当然是ä¸�å�¯èƒ½è¿›å…¥åˆ†æž�æ•°æ�®çš„。
  40. D
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®æ ¹æ�®Elshtain的说法,当å‰�çš„é�“å¾·è¡°è�½åœ¨ä»€ä¹ˆæƒ…况下会“å��转â€�(也就是å�˜è¡°è�½ä¸ºæ��å�‡ï¼‰ã€‚
  A,如果人们能够回到黄金时代。
  B,当男性与女性享有å�Œç‰çš„æ�ƒåˆ©ã€‚
  C,当人们消除了��。
  D,当物质较少�到�视的时候。
  看了题目以å�Žï¼Œå�¯ä»¥å�‘现å�Žä¸€æ®µçš„å�¥è¯�直接æ��到了Moral declineå’Œreversed:Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society。这里使用了一个not untilå�¥å¼�,这ç§�å�¥å¼�与ä¸å›½äººçš„æ€�维相差较大,å�¯ä»¥æŠŠnot去掉ã€�untilæ�¢æˆ�whenæ�¥ç�†è§£ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„è¯�,å�¥æ„�就很明显了:é�“å¾·è¡°è�½å‡ºçްå��转是在人们å�‘现对付社会æµ�行的物质主义的方法的时候。这个æ„�æ€�应该说与Dé�žå¸¸æŽ¥è¿‘,应该选D。
  Aã€�Bã€�Cè€ƒæŸ¥çš„éƒ½æ˜¯å€’æ•°ç¬¬äºŒæ®µçš„å†…å®¹ã€‚ç¯‡ç« åˆ†æž�å·²ç»�对这一段进行了详细说明。
  编辑推�:
  2011å¹´12月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
  2011å¹´6月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
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