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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  Passage Two
  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
  If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.
  That’s especially true of booming fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor’s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.
  But in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.
  As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate (公�的) faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State’s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices, although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. “They want someone who isn’t constrained (�制) by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture, “says Scheetz.
  This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems, David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, “I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things,� says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes literature, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, “A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace,� says Scheetz.
  26. What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?
  A) Students with a bachelor’s degree in humanities.
  B) People with an MBA degree front top universities.
  C) People with formal schooling plus work experience.
  D) People with special training in engineering.(C)
  27. By saying “... but the impact of a degree washes out after five years� (Line 3, Para, 3), the author means ________.
  A) most MBA programs fail to provide students with a solid foundation
  B) an MBA degree does not help promotion to managerial positions
  C) MBA programs will not be as popular in five years’ time as they are now
  D) in five people will forget about the degree the MBA graduates have got(B)
  28. According to Scheetz’s statement (Lines 4-5. Para. 4), companies prefer ________.
  A) people who have a strategic mind
  B) people who are talented in fine arts
  C) people who are ambitious and aggressive
  D) people who have received training in mechanics(A)
  29. David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ________.
  A) they are more capable of handling changing situations
  B) they can stick to established ways of solving problems
  C) they are thoroughly trained in a variety of specialized fields
  D) they have attended special programs in management(A)
  30. Which of the following statements does the author support?
  A) Specialists are more expensive to hire than generalists.
  B) Formal schooling is less important than job training.
  C) On-the-job training is, in the long run, less costly.
  D) Generalists will outdo specialists in management.(D)
  这篇文章讲的是何�专业在人�市场上更���的问题。到底什么样的人�更���呢?文章实际上讲了两个观点,�两段论述了个观点,�“专家�更���;��的三段��出了与此相�的观点,“�家�更���。观点之所以��,是因为它们的���件��。
  先�看个观点。��以说开宗明义:the best route to a job is to get specialized training,的办法是练就专业技能。而�作者�出了论�——近一项调查结果显示,商务类和医疗��类的毕业生很�公���(companies like graduates in such fields as business and health care)。
  下一段举出了更多的例�。That’s especially true of booming fields,这里的fields应该和段的fields所指相�,都是指学生的专业。急速�展的领域更是炙手�热,一个酒店管�学院的本科毕业生平��以接到五到六个��邀请(get an average of four or five job offers),�时有大�的��机会。
  接下�,作者笔锋一转,�出了一个��观点,too much specialization doesn’t pay off(pay off�组指“得到回报�)。而观点��的关键在于�件,第二个观点是in the long run,�从长远�看。作者首先以商务领域为例,指出MBA过剩使得这一学历��是�业通行�(no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval)。
  下一段介�了密歇根州的Scheetz的说法,继续支�第二个观点。Scheetz认为,尽管现在的公�在招新人时�然倾�于招收“专家�(tend to take on specialists as new hires),但在中上层管���上更倾�于“�家�(generalists for middle and upper-level management)。原因是专家的眼光局�于具体细节,难以从大局考虑(constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture)。
  如果这篇�料是写给高中生们的,那么�一段�以算是大学专业报考指�。This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate:这似乎是在正�肯定文科毕业生。那么文科生有什么优势呢?写作�交�能力�组织技巧�开放的头脑�适应性�分�和解决问题的能力(writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems)。作者�引出�一�人士David Birch把文科生大夸了一番,�以Scheetz的中庸观点收场:文科学历加上专业技能(liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training)将是市场的宠儿。
  26. C
  本题问哪些人在人�市场上需求�颇高。
  这�题的考查的内容涉�全篇�料,必须根��一个选项所�述的特点,在文章中找到相应的内容,对比之�排除错误选项。
  A,人文学科的本科毕业生。Humanities,人文学科,�以认为是文章�几段所说的liberal-arts,但这些专业的人在是从长远角度看(in the long run),易进入中高层��(for middle and upper-level management),而�是本科毕业生。
  B,拥有大学MBA学�的人。第三段�到MBA学�no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval,说明MBA学�已�并��爆了。
  C,�过正规学校教育�时拥有工作�验的人。第二段�一�是Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience,这里�到�过正规学校教育�时拥有工作�验的人�到了大公�的��,符�题�。
  D,在工程学方�拥有专业技能的人。�一段说明文科生的特点有利于找工作,其中�到工程人�:David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree,��是此人��雇用MBA或是工程学毕业生。这说明工程学人�并��爆。
  27. B
  这�题问but the impact of a degree washes out after five years一�是什么��。这是一���考查题,需��顺上下文的逻辑关系之�作答。
  A,大多数MBA课程没能为学生打下�实的基础。
  B,MBA学�并�会对�入管�层带�帮助。
  C,MBA课程在五年以�就�会�现在这样�欢迎了。
  D,五年�人们就会忘记MBA毕业生们的学�。
  首先应该判断这一段在全篇中所起到的作用是什么,也就是这一段的大体功能,段�中的�一��都是为了这个功能�务的。
  本段��应该是一个总领�,in the long run, too much specialization doesn’t pay off,��是从长远�看,太专并�会带�回报。这���出了本文的第二个观点,文章的余下部分都是在论�这个观点。而实际上,这��的��并没有�常清晰地表达出�,比如in the long run到底指什么,�会带�回报具体是什么��等。根�下一段的论述,�以知�这��的��实际上指的是在公�工作几年之�,太专�利于进入管�层。第三段余下的部分应该是为�明这个观点所举的例�,那么其背�的�义当然也是这个观点本身。四个选项中B的表达与此为接近。
  28. A
  根�Scheetz的说法,公�更喜欢什么样的人�。
  A,具有战略头脑的人。
  B,具有美术�能的人。
  C,有野心�侵略性强的人。
  D,在机械学方�接�过教育的人。
  文章�到Scheetz是在第四段,首先是他介�的一�人�雇用惯例(Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices),而�直接引用了他的原�。此外,在全文�一��中也�到了Scheetz。考虑到本题刚刚是第三�题,考查�一��的�能性�大,所以,�需研究第四段就�以了。
  Scheetz所�到的惯例大致是这样的:在招�新员工时还是会招“专家�,而在�拔中上管�层时则��“�家�(generalists)。他的原�直译是:他们想��被具体细节�制的人,这些人有更广阔的视角。�以看到公�更喜欢的人有两个�点,一是�家,二是视角广阔或者看问题更为深远。A所说的strategic mind与look at the big picture应该是一个��,�以选A。B所说的美术�能虽是文科,但��也属于专家,�有通晓大部分文科专业的人�能称之为�家。C的说法在文中没有�到。D也属于specialists。
  29. A
  题目问David Birch宣称他�雇用文科生是因为……
  A,文科生处��化情况的能力更强。
  B,他们能够��固有的解决问题的方�。
  C,他们在一系列专业领域内都�到了完整的教育。
  D,他们�加了管�方�的特别课程。
  文章�到David Birch是在�一段,文中他宣称he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree,��愿雇用specialists,而�文章引用了他的原�“I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things�,这里的because从�已�说出了原因,本题考查的就是对��的�解。Way of doing things,�事情的方�,由此�以估计,原因大体上是��特别的�事的方�,基本�以把C和D排除,因为它们与方�无关。这具体是一�什么方�呢?less-than-canned,这是一个临时自造的�,字典里肯定没有,我们�能通过分�它的构��猜测它的��。Can是“能够�,此外还有�头的��,这里是被动�,说明已�转化�了动�形�,canned就是��了�头的��。�事情时头脑�装进�头一样,说明是死脑筋,墨守陈规。David Birch先生�喜欢的就是这�人,�过�,他喜欢的就是脑筋�活,�路开阔的人,A的说法与此一致,B的说法与此相�。应该选A。
  30. D
  题目问作者支�下列哪个观点。从四个选项�看,这�题的考查范围�布全文,�过解答难度�并�高,原因就是三个错误选项的迷惑性相对较�。
  A,给“专家�所付的薪水比“�家��高。文中没有直接说工资高低问题。从文中的观点——�家进入管�层的机会高于专家�看,�家的薪水肯定是高于专家的。这与A的说法相�。
  B,正规学校教育�如工作培训��。文章里没有类似的内容,�以直接排除。
  C,在�培训从长远角度讲花费更少。文章没有讲到花费问题,�以直接排除。
  D,“�家�在管�方��胜过“专家�。这正是文章�三段论述的中心。

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