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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  2003.12
  Passage One
  Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
  I’m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today’s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago.
  Why are America’s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolation—brought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other things—and a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place.
  Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope.
  At the top of the list is nurturing (培育) a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.
  To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep.
  Limit the amount of virtual (虚拟的) violence your children are exposed to. It’s not just video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news.
  Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale.
  Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn’t have to ruin your life.
  21. The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people’s state of mind are ________.
  A) surprising
  B) confusing
  C) illogical
  D) questionable(D)
  22. What does the author mean when he says, “we can’t turn the clock back� (Line 1, Para. 3)?
  A) It’s impossible to slow down the pace of change.
  B) The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.
  C) Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.
  D) It’s impossible to forget the past.(B)
  23. According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago ________.
  A) were less isolated physically
  B) were probably less self-centered
  C) probably suffered less from anxiety
  D) were considered less individualistic(C)
  24. The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is ________.
  A) to provide them with a safer environment
  B) to lower their expectations for them
  C) to get them more involved socially
  D) to set a good model for them to follow(C)
  25. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?
  A) Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.
  B) Children’s anxiety has been enormously exaggerated.
  C) Children’s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.
  D) Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.(C)
  这是一篇评论社会问题的文章,文章核心是当今儿童所肩负的压力问题。文章采用了�典的论说文结构:首先�出问题(段),而�分�问题(第二段),�解决问题(其余部分)。
  第 一段很长,而且多是比较��的长�,这与它“�出问题�这一功能有关,长�往往信�容�更大,逻辑也较清晰,能够更好地�人呈现问题的方方��,语气也较 为客观。在解决问题阶段,作者多使用短�,是因为这时文章的功能已�转�为�父�们传授�验方法,短�接近�语,亲切感更强,有“谆谆教诲�的��。
  ��的基本结构是I’m skeptical about research(我怀疑�些研究的价值),至于是什么样的研究,作者用从��了详细说明,��的that代指research。从�的��是说这些研究总是得出结论说现在的人们如何比50年�的人或快�或�快�等等。作者在�首先表明了一个观点,就是把��历�时代的人们进行对比是没有�义的。��就�出了原因:这�对比有�能是正确的,但在实�上无法得到论�(While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically)。�两��了段内容的一�,但实际上与文章的核心内容(儿童压力问题)关系�大,作者之所以如此浓墨�彩是为了�出其对一项关于��时代儿童所�压力的研究的惊讶之情,进而增加读者对文章核心论题的关注度。
  段��部分开始�出本文讨论的问题:normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago,现在的正常孩�比50年�接�精神治疗的孩�所�的压力还�大。这一观点确实耸人�闻,难怪作者�为此临时抛弃旧有的观念。
  第二段��是Why are America’s kids so stressed?为什么美国的孩�承�了如此�压?很显然这里是�分�原因了。��给出了两个原因,一个是孤独(physical isolation),�一个是认识到世界更加�险了(the world is a more dangerous place)。
  ��的部分都是对如何解决这一问题�出的忠告。
  首先就是��孩�传达个人主义存在局�的观念(limits of individualism),孩��是孤岛,社会�系�以为孩��轻压力的冲击。
  为了帮助孩�与他人建立更加紧密的�系,�以拔掉电视和电脑的�头,这样他们就有了更多的时间与人�对�地交往,也有了更多的�眠时间(They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep)。
  �少孩�接触虚拟暴力的机会。�仅包括视频游��电影,在新闻上也出现了太多的谋��犯罪(children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news)。
  ��对孩�的期望值过高。�知�许多�功人士从�没上过哈佛或是耶�大学(Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale)。
  �是�给孩�们�出榜样,告诉他们如何应对压力。方法就是��锻炼身体,这�以�孩�传达一个信�:有时忧虑是����的,但那�至于�了你的生活。
  21. D
  题目问作者认为任何关于人们的精神状�的研究结论都是……
  A,令人惊奇的。
  B,令人困惑的。
  C,��逻辑的。
  D,值得怀疑的。
  从题目�以�步判断本题应该是考查段的�些内容,题目中的关键�有research和state of mind,�以��它们快速定�本题的考查点。幸�的是,段��就出现了research一�,�时还有conclude,也就是题目中的conclusion的动�形�。这样寻找答案就较为轻�了。
  ��里的happier or unhappier显然是指人的精神状�,这也和题目所说的state of mind相对应。而skeptical这个�体现了作者对这些研究的�度。到此为止,�以把本题考查点缩�为skeptical这个��。它的��“怀疑的�,如果了解这个�义,�以直接选出答案,�D。如果�了解这个�义,就需�继续读下文,从�文的解释中猜测这个��的�义。
  下一�是While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically:虽然这些研究�果�能是对的,但实际上�想科学地进行�明是��能的。从这��基本�以判断出作者所�是一�怀疑�度,确定选D。
  22. B
  题目问作者所说的we can’t turn the clock back��是什么。
  A,�慢��的脚步是��能的。
  B,孩�们所�临的社会现实�能被改�。
  C,从过去所学到的东西�能忘记。
  D,忘记过去是��能的。
  这是一���考查题,这�题首先�简�分�一下��的表��义,然��到上下文中去推断它的引申�义。需�记�的是,从��表��义是��能直接推出正确答案的。如果有题支的解释仅是��的表��义,则基本�以排除。
  We can’t turn the clock back,直译为我们�能把钟表调回。钟表一般作为时间的�喻;把钟表调回到以�的�置,也就是�能回到过去的��。
  �文在讲美国孩���较大压力的原因,�文则�出一些补救办法。本�就是补救办法的起始�。Given that we can’t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope,��是虽然我们�能把钟表调回,但�人们�然有许多办法去帮助孩�们。根���逻辑,�能把钟表调回应该就是指的大人们已��能回到过去,去帮助孩�改�两个�件:孤立和世界的�险。
  与此为接近的是B。
  23. C
  题目问根�一项分�,和现在的正常孩�相比,50年�被当作患有精神疾病的孩�如何如何。
  A,他们交往少的局�相对�那么严�。
  B,很�能�那么自�自利。
  C,很�能焦虑感较弱。
  D,被认为�那么个人主义了。
  题目给出了一�明显的�供回查原文的信�——an analysis,此外还有50年�等。�览文章,�以�现全文�到的分��有段��部分�到的一篇,该分�的内容中也包括了50 years ago——normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago:今天9到17�的正常孩�比50年�被当作精神病患进行治疗的孩�所��的焦虑感还�强。那么�过�,50年�的精神病患就比今天的正常孩�体验到较少的焦虑感。C和这个说法完全一致。
  A�到了isolated physically,在文中第二段有��点,但那是今天的孩�焦虑感更强的原因之一。B和D所说的自我主义�个人主义,在作者�出的解决方法中有所�到,但也和题目�求的analysis无关。
  24. C
  本题问父�帮助孩�的步也是��的一步是什么。
  A,给孩��供一个更加安全的环境。
  B,�低自己对他们的期待值。
  C,使他们更多地接触社会。
  D,为他们树立一个好的榜样。
  题目所述显然是�人应该如何帮助孩�,这是第四段�以�段�所讲的内容。文章�出的建议很多,而题目问的是步也是��的一步,这是一�关键信�,我们�在文中找到相应的信�。在第四段开头讲到:At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of the limits of individualism——这里的the list应该就是��帮助方法的清�,At the top指的是清�上排在�的,也就是��的一�。这一�的内容是关于个人主义的,在四个选项中没有直接�到个人主义。因此还需�了解下文的内容。��两�是:No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress.这两�的中心内容是�增强孩�们与社会的�系。四个选项中,C的说法与此一致。
  25. A
  题目问从这篇文章�以得出什么结论。
  A,焦虑虽然����,但是�以应对的。
  B,孩�们的焦虑感�到了严�夸大。
  C,更多父�的关怀�以消除孩�们的忧虑感。
  D,如果�当地控制焦虑感,�以帮助孩�们�得�熟。
  这�题考查了全篇内容,但以�5段为主。这�考查范围较广的题目,�以以题支为�托,在文中寻找和�个题支相关的内容,�一排除错误的题支。
  A所说的焦虑����在�一段有相关信�:Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable。��过在A中没有�到sometimes。全文的�五段都是讲的如何应对焦虑感,因此A所说的焦虑�以cope with是对的。到此�以�步认为A基本正确。
  B所说的exaggerated是言过其实的�夸大的��。文章没有对孩�的焦虑是��到夸大进行评论,而�是表示孩�们的焦虑感实际上增长了�少。从作者为�人如何帮助孩�们�少焦虑出谋划策这一点看,作者应该是认�目�对孩�们焦虑感的判断。B的说法�以排除。
  C所用的eliminate一�是彻底消除的��(completely remove),称孩�们的忧虑感�以完全消除似乎是�对的,因为文中�一段已�明确说明anxiety is unavoidable,作者的�度是尽��轻忧虑感,而�是彻底消除。
  D�到了mature一�,但在文中应该没有和�熟有关的�述。D�以排除。

  编辑推�:
  2011年12月英语四级阅读试题�答案汇总
  2011年6月英语四级阅读试题�答案汇总

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