历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2002-2004)
- 第1页:2002.1�Passageone
- 第2页:2002.1�PassageTwo
- 第3页:2002.1�PassageThree
- 第4页:2002.1�PassageFour
- 第5页:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6页:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9页:2003.1-Passage One
  Passage Two
  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
  It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约�) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:
  I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (�隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
  It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice� isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it.
  Performance is your best bargaining chip (ç¹ç �) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
  Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market.
  What will someone else pay for your services?
  Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
  26. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
  A) demonstrate his capability
  B) give his boss a good impression
  C) ask for as much money as he can
  D) ask for the salary he hopes to get(D)
  27. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
  A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
  B) If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
  C) People should not be content with what they have got.
  D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job.(B)
  28. We can learn from the passage that ________.
  A) unfairness exists in salary increases
  B) most people are overworked and underpaid
  C) one should avoid overstating one’s performance
  D) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises(A)
  29. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
  A) advertise himself on the job market
  B) persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
  C) try to get inside information about the organization
  D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions(D)
  30. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
  A) meet his boss at the appropriate time
  B) arrive at the negotiation table punctually
  C) be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction
  D) be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes(C)
ã€€ã€€è¿™ç¯‡æ–‡ç« è®²çš„æ˜¯è�ŒåœºåŠ è–ªé—®é¢˜ã€‚å¼€å¤´å…ˆè®²åŽŸå§‹å·¥èµ„è¦�求的æ��出更为容易(It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirementï¼‰ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†å’Œä¸‹æ–‡æ‰€è®²çš„åŠ è–ªè¦�求的æ��出作为对比,引出æ��料主è¦�讨论的è¯�题。段å�Žé�¢è¿˜æœ‰ä¸¤å�¥è¯�ï¼Œä¸€æ˜¯è¯´å¦‚æžœä½ ä¸�æ��å‡ºåŠ è–ªè¯·æ±‚çš„è¯�,获得ç�†åº”å¾—åˆ°çš„åŠ è–ªæœºä¼šå°±ä¼šå¤§å¤§å‡�少(your chances of getting the raise…… are less)。二是说男人们更喜欢è¦�求,而且得到的也多(Men tend to ask for more, and they get more)。è¦�注æ„�这一å�¥ä¸çš„men是å¤�æ•°å½¢å¼�,那么就应该指的是“男人â€�,而ä¸�是统称的“人â€�。与æ¤å¯¹åº”,女人在è¦�æ±‚åŠ è–ªä¸Šå�¯èƒ½å°±è¦�消æž�一些。由æ¤å�¯ä»¥æŽ¨æ–段å�Žä¸€å�¥ä¸çš„Beth是一ä½�女士。
  下一段就开始以Beth的视角讲述她的è�Œåœºé�é�‡ã€‚这些é�é�‡æ˜¯å¯¹æ®µæ��到的二点的è¯�明。这一段å�¥å�很多,主è¦�æ„�æ€�æ— é�žæ˜¯ç”·å�Œäº‹ä»¬ä¸€ä¸ªä¸ªåœ°è¿žå�‡ä¸‰çº§ï¼Œæœ‰äº†è‡ªå·±çš„办公室,而自己å�´ä¸€ç›´è‹¦å®ˆåœ¨åˆ�çš„å°�éš”é—´é‡Œã€‚åŽŸå› å‘¢ï¼Ÿåœ¨è¿™æ®µçš„å¼€å¤´å°±å·²ç»�给出了:没有è¦�求,就没有收获(I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it)。
  下一段å�ˆæ�¢å¤�äº†ç¬¬ä¸‰äººç§°è§†è§’ï¼Œè¯´åˆ°å¦‚æžœæˆ‘ä»¬éƒ½èƒ½å¤Ÿè‡ªåŠ¨èŽ·å¾—ä¸Žä»·å€¼ç›¸å½“çš„åŠ è–ªå°†æ˜¯å¤šä¹ˆç¾Žå¥½ï¼ˆIt would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit),但大多数公å�¸å¹¶ä¸�如æ¤ç¾Žå¥½ï¼Œè¦�æƒ³èŽ·å¾—åº”å¾—çš„åŠ è–ªï¼Œè¿˜æ˜¯è‡ªå·±æ��出申请。下文继ç»è®²å¦‚何æ��å‡ºåŠ è–ªè¦�求。
  å�Žå››æ®µè®²äº†å¦‚何æ��å‡ºåŠ è–ªè¦�求的è¦�点,其ä¸å‰�三段是准备工作,å�Žä¸€æ®µæ˜¯å�³æ—¶æ��出è¦�求时应采å�–çš„ç–略。首先,è¦�拿业绩说è¯�(Performance is your best bargaining chip)。这里需è¦�注æ„�的是è¦�能够让è€�æ�¿çœ‹åˆ°ä½ çš„è¡¨çŽ°å€¼å¾—åŠ è–ªï¼ˆbe able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise),å�¦å¤–æ��出è¦�求的时机(Timing)也很é‡�è¦�,是在刚刚满足了è€�æ�¿çš„需求之å�Žã€‚
  其次,信æ�¯ä¹Ÿæ˜¯è®¨ä»·è¿˜ä»·çš„ç¹ç �(Use information as a bargaining chip too),è¦�çœ‹çœ‹ä½ åœ¨å¸‚åœºä¸Šèƒ½å€¼ä»€ä¹ˆä»·ï¼Œçœ‹çœ‹åˆ«äººä¼šä»˜ç»™ä½ å¤šå°‘é’±ã€‚
  å�Žä¸€æ®µå®žé™…上讲的是æ��出è¦�求的勇气和ç–略。Go into the negotiations,这是个祈使å�¥ï¼Œæœ‰é¼“励ã€�打气的å�«ä¹‰ã€‚而å�Žé�¢çš„use communication style(以交æµ�çš„æ€�度)说的是æ��出è¦�求时的基本ç–略。
  26. C
  题目是问在获得一个工作之�,一个人应当如何。
  A,展现他的能力。
  B,给他的��留下一个好�象。
  C,尽��求多的薪水。
  D,�求希望得到的薪水。
  é�“题考查的必然是段——å�ªè¦�这一段ä¸�是太çŸã€‚æ ¹æ�®ä¸Šé�¢çš„分æž�å�¯çŸ¥ï¼Œæ®µé‡Œä»Žç¬¬äºŒå�¥å¼€å§‹è®²çš„都是如何è¦�æ±‚åŠ è–ªçš„é—®é¢˜ï¼Œè¿™å·²ç»�是获得工作之å�Žçš„事情了。本题问的是在获得工作之å‰�å¦‚ä½•å¦‚ä½•ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå®ƒçš„ç”æ¡ˆä¸€å®šåœ¨å�¥è¯�ä¸ï¼šIt is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage increases。大æ„�是:为原始工资谈判è¦�æ›´ä¸ºå®¹æ˜“ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä½ ä¸€æ—¦è¿›å…¥äº†å…¬å�¸ä»¥å�Žï¼Œå…¬å�¸çš„é™�制就会影å“�工资增长。这å�¥è¯�å�ªè°ˆåˆ°äº†å·¥èµ„问题,所以æ¥å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除Aå’ŒBï¼Œå› ä¸ºå®ƒä»¬è°ˆè®ºçš„ä¸�是工资。Cå’ŒD的区别å�ªåœ¨äºŽä¸€ä¸ªæ˜¯å°½é‡�è¦�求多的工资,一个是å�ªæŒ‰è‡ªå·±çš„希望è¦�æ±‚å·¥èµ„ã€‚å®žé™…ä¸Šè¿™äºŒè€…æœ¬èº«æœ‰å¤šå¤§åŒºåˆ«éƒ½å¾ˆéš¾è¯´ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªäººå¯¹å·¥èµ„çš„æœŸæœ›ä¸€èˆ¬æƒ…å†µä¸‹å½“ç„¶æ˜¯è¶Šå¤šè¶Šå¥½ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆCå’ŒD其实是å�¯ä»¥äº’é€šçš„ã€‚ä½†æ˜¯æˆ‘ä»¬å¿…é¡»é€‰æ‹©å‡ºä¸€ä¸ªä½œä¸ºç”æ¡ˆï¼Œé‚£å°±å�ªèƒ½æ�£æµ‹å‡ºé¢˜è€…çš„æ„�æ€�,是C对还是D对。
  这一å�¥è¯�å‰�å�Šå�¥æ—¢æ²¡æœ‰è¯´â€œå°½é‡�è¦�求â€�也没有说“希望â€�,从这里很难å�šå‡ºåˆ¤æ–。先ä¸�看å‰�å�Šå�¥ï¼Œæ�¥åˆ†æž�å�Žå�Šå�¥ï¼šå› ä¸ºä½ ä¸€æ—¦è¿›å…¥äº†å…¬å�¸ä»¥å�Žï¼Œå…¬å�¸çš„é™�制就会影å“�工资增长。既然担心入è�Œå�Žä¼šé™�制工资增长,那么å�¯ä»¥å�šå‡ºè¿™æ ·çš„æŽ¨æ–——是入è�Œå‰�谈好ç�†æƒ³çš„工资,å�¦åˆ™å…¥è�Œå�Žå†�è°ˆæ¶¨å·¥èµ„å°±å›°éš¾äº†ã€‚è¿™æ ·çœ‹æ�¥ï¼Œå‡ºé¢˜è€…çš„æ„�æ€�很å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯é€‰C,而ä¸�是事先希望的一个工资水平。
  27. B
  这é�“题是问从Beth的故事å�¯ä»¥æŽ¨æ–出什么。
  A,对女性的å��è§�在一些机构ä¾�ç„¶å˜åœ¨ã€‚
  B,如果人们想�得到他们�应得到的,就必须�出�求。
  C,人们�应该满足于他们已有的东西。
  D,为工作谈判时应该�心为妙。
  Bethçš„æ•…äº‹å°±æ˜¯ç¬¬äºŒæ®µï¼Œå› ä¸ºè¿™é‡Œä½¿ç”¨çš„äººç§°æ˜¯I,而到了第三段,人称å�˜æˆ�了we,å�¯ä»¥åˆ¤æ–ä¸�是Beth讲述的内容了。第二段首先è¦�注æ„�的是å�¥è¯�:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it.(当我没有æ��出è¦�求时,我没有得到我想得到的),这是一个总领å�¥ï¼Œæ˜¯å�Žé�¢éƒ¨åˆ†æ‰€è¿°çš„å†…å®¹çš„æ ¸å¿ƒï¼Œæ¤å�Žæ‰€è¯´çš„具体故事都是为了说明这个观点。四个选项ä¸B的说法与æ¤ä¸ºæŽ¥è¿‘,å�¯ä»¥é€‰B。Cå’ŒDå�¯ä»¥è¾ƒå®¹æ˜“地排除,A所说的å��è§�在文ä¸å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰ä½“现,导致女性工资å�œæ»žçš„åŽŸå› æ˜¯å¥³æ€§ä¸�愿主动æ��出涨工资的è¦�求,而ä¸�是人们对女性的å��è§�。
  28. A
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®ä»Žæ–‡ç« å�¯ä»¥äº†è§£åˆ°ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  A,在工资增长问题上å˜åœ¨ä¸�公之处。
  B,大多数人过度工作,报酬过低。
  C,一个人应该��夸大自己的业绩表现。
  D,多数公�自动给员工增长工资。
  这 个题目比较å�“人,ä¹�çœ‹ä¹‹ä¸‹ä¼¼ä¹Žåœ¨è€ƒæŸ¥å¯¹å…¨ç¯‡æ–‡ç« çš„ç�†è§£ã€‚但å�¯ä»¥çœ‹åˆ°è¿™å�ªæ˜¯ç¬¬ä¸‰é�“题,å�Žé�¢è¿˜æœ‰ä¸¤é�“。如果这é�“考的是全篇ç�†è§£ï¼ŒæŒ‰é�“ç�†å�Žé�¢ä¸¤é�“也应该考查全篇 ç�†è§£ã€‚一篇阅读有五分之三考查全篇是ä¸�å�¯èƒ½çš„。那么应该如何缩å°�ç›®æ ‡èŒƒå›´å‘¢ï¼Ÿç¬¬äºŒæ®µå·²ç»�考查过,å�¥å�å�ˆéƒ½æ¯”较浅显,应该ä¸�会å†�考。大略看一下29题,是问为了获得工资增长,一个人应该怎么å�šï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯å�Žå››æ®µçš„内容。在å�Žå››æ®µå’Œç¬¬äºŒæ®µä¹‹é—´ï¼Œæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªæ¯”较çŸçš„æ®µè�½ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜è€ƒæŸ¥çš„对象应该就是它——It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “niceâ€� isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it,大æ„�æ˜¯â€œå¦‚æžœæˆ‘ä»¬éƒ½èƒ½å¤Ÿè‡ªåŠ¨èŽ·å¾—ä¸Žä»·å€¼ç›¸å½“çš„åŠ è–ªå°†æ˜¯å¤šä¹ˆç¾Žå¥½ï¼Œä½†ç¾Žå¥½å¯¹äºŽå¤šæ•°å…¬å�¸æ�¥è¯´å¹¶ä¸�æ˜¯å¿…å¤‡ç‰¹è´¨ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ è§‰å¾—åº”èŽ·å¤§å¹…åº¦çš„åŠ è–ªï¼Œé‚£æ˜¯æ��出æ�¥ã€‚â€�
  Bå’ŒC在这里都没有æ��到,å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除,D的说法与这一段的æ„�æ€�æ£å¥½ç›¸å��——文ä¸çš„è§‚ç‚¹æ˜¯æ ¹æ�®ä»·å€¼æ�¥è‡ªåŠ¨å¢žé•¿å·¥èµ„æ˜¯ä¸€ç§�美好的ç�†æƒ³è€Œå·²ï¼Œå¤šæ•°å…¬å�¸å¹¶ä¸�如æ¤ã€‚言下之æ„�ä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯è¯´â€œæ ¹æ�®ä»·å€¼æ�¥è‡ªåŠ¨å¢žé•¿å·¥èµ„â€�是ä¸�能实现的,å�šå‡ºäº†è´¡çŒ®ï¼Œå�´æ²¡æœ‰ç›¸åº”地增长工资,这是一ç§�什么现象呢?å�¯ä»¥è®¤ä¸ºè¿™æ˜¯ä¸€ç§�ä¸�公平的现象。A是æ£ç¡®çš„。
  29. D
  这�题是问一个人�想获得工资增长应该怎么�。
  如何æ��出工资增长è¦�求是å�Žå››æ®µçš„内容。其ä¸å‰�三段是准备工作,å�Žä¸€æ®µæ˜¯å�³æ—¶æ��出è¦�求的ç–略。把四个选项与å�Žå››æ®µå†…容å�šä¸€ä¸‹å¯¹ç…§å°±å�¯ä»¥æ‰¾åˆ°æ£ç¡®ç”案了。
  A,在人æ‰�市场上推销自己(为自己å�šå¹¿å‘Šï¼‰ã€‚æ–‡ç« æ��到market是这一å�¥ï¼šFind out what you are worth on the open market,这里的æ„�æ€�是在市场上了解一下自己的价值,而ä¸�是去市场上推销自己,å�¦åˆ™çš„è¯�,就æˆ�了æ�¢å·¥ä½œè€Œä¸�是涨工资了。
  B,åŠ�说è€�æ�¿ç¾è®¢ä¸€ä»½é•¿æœŸå�ˆå�Œã€‚没有找到类似的内容。
  C,努力获得公�的内部信�。Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?这里讲到了信�问题,但显然这里所说的信�是指公�外部——公开市场信�,获�信�目的是�现自己的真实市场价值,为�出��的工资�求�好准备。
  Dï¼Œæ ¹æ�®ä»·å€¼å�šå‡ºå·¥èµ„增长的决定之å‰�,å�šä¸€äº›è´¡çŒ®ç»™è€�æ�¿ç•™ä¸‹æ·±åˆ»å�°è±¡ã€‚If you can give your boss something he or she needs……这一å�¥çš„内容与D的说法一致。å�¯ä»¥ç¡®å®šé€‰D。
  30. C
  题目是问è¦�想在谈判ä¸èŽ·å¾—æˆ�功,一个人必须怎么å�šã€‚
  A,在�适的时间与他的����。
  B,准时到达谈判桌。
  C,善于影�交�互动的结果。
  D,熟悉��的好�。
  看完这四个选项之å�Žï¼Œå�¯ä»¥åˆ¤æ–这里æ��到的内容与å�Žå››æ®µä¸çš„å‰�ä¸‰æ®µæ— å…³ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå�¯ä»¥æ–定æ¤é¢˜è€ƒæŸ¥çš„æ˜¯å�Žä¸€æ®µçš„内容。å�Žä¸€æ®µè®²äº†ä¸¤ç‚¹ï¼ˆå‰�å�Žç”¨and连接),是Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time,带上这些ç¹ç �,在å�ˆé€‚的时间去谈判å�§ã€‚这里的on the table是一ç§�比喻说法,指让è€�æ�¿çœ‹åˆ°ä½ çš„ç¹ç �ï¼›at the appropriate time指的是上文说的ç�†æƒ³çš„æ—¶æœºï¼Œå¦‚刚刚ç¾ä¸‹äº†ä¸€ä¸ªå®¢æˆ·ï¼ˆè€Œä¸�是A所说的è§�é�¢çš„å…·ä½“æ—¶é—´ï¼‰ã€‚è¿™æ ·Aå’ŒB的说法就都ä¸�æ£ç¡®äº†ã€‚第二点是use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction ,这里的guide the direction of the interaction 直译是控制交æµ�的方å�‘,与C所说的“影å“�交æµ�互动的结果â€�æ„�æ€�ä¸€æ ·ã€‚Dçš„è¯´æ³•åœ¨æ–‡ä¸æ‰¾ä¸�到,å�¯ä»¥æŽ’é™¤ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å�ªèƒ½é€‰æ‹©C。
  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
  It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约�) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:
  I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (�隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
  It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice� isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it.
  Performance is your best bargaining chip (ç¹ç �) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
  Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market.
  What will someone else pay for your services?
  Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
  26. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
  A) demonstrate his capability
  B) give his boss a good impression
  C) ask for as much money as he can
  D) ask for the salary he hopes to get(D)
  27. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
  A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
  B) If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
  C) People should not be content with what they have got.
  D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job.(B)
  28. We can learn from the passage that ________.
  A) unfairness exists in salary increases
  B) most people are overworked and underpaid
  C) one should avoid overstating one’s performance
  D) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises(A)
  29. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
  A) advertise himself on the job market
  B) persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
  C) try to get inside information about the organization
  D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions(D)
  30. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
  A) meet his boss at the appropriate time
  B) arrive at the negotiation table punctually
  C) be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction
  D) be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes(C)
ã€€ã€€è¿™ç¯‡æ–‡ç« è®²çš„æ˜¯è�ŒåœºåŠ è–ªé—®é¢˜ã€‚å¼€å¤´å…ˆè®²åŽŸå§‹å·¥èµ„è¦�求的æ��出更为容易(It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirementï¼‰ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†å’Œä¸‹æ–‡æ‰€è®²çš„åŠ è–ªè¦�求的æ��出作为对比,引出æ��料主è¦�讨论的è¯�题。段å�Žé�¢è¿˜æœ‰ä¸¤å�¥è¯�ï¼Œä¸€æ˜¯è¯´å¦‚æžœä½ ä¸�æ��å‡ºåŠ è–ªè¯·æ±‚çš„è¯�,获得ç�†åº”å¾—åˆ°çš„åŠ è–ªæœºä¼šå°±ä¼šå¤§å¤§å‡�少(your chances of getting the raise…… are less)。二是说男人们更喜欢è¦�求,而且得到的也多(Men tend to ask for more, and they get more)。è¦�注æ„�这一å�¥ä¸çš„men是å¤�æ•°å½¢å¼�,那么就应该指的是“男人â€�,而ä¸�是统称的“人â€�。与æ¤å¯¹åº”,女人在è¦�æ±‚åŠ è–ªä¸Šå�¯èƒ½å°±è¦�消æž�一些。由æ¤å�¯ä»¥æŽ¨æ–段å�Žä¸€å�¥ä¸çš„Beth是一ä½�女士。
  下一段就开始以Beth的视角讲述她的è�Œåœºé�é�‡ã€‚这些é�é�‡æ˜¯å¯¹æ®µæ��到的二点的è¯�明。这一段å�¥å�很多,主è¦�æ„�æ€�æ— é�žæ˜¯ç”·å�Œäº‹ä»¬ä¸€ä¸ªä¸ªåœ°è¿žå�‡ä¸‰çº§ï¼Œæœ‰äº†è‡ªå·±çš„办公室,而自己å�´ä¸€ç›´è‹¦å®ˆåœ¨åˆ�çš„å°�éš”é—´é‡Œã€‚åŽŸå› å‘¢ï¼Ÿåœ¨è¿™æ®µçš„å¼€å¤´å°±å·²ç»�给出了:没有è¦�求,就没有收获(I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it)。
  下一段å�ˆæ�¢å¤�äº†ç¬¬ä¸‰äººç§°è§†è§’ï¼Œè¯´åˆ°å¦‚æžœæˆ‘ä»¬éƒ½èƒ½å¤Ÿè‡ªåŠ¨èŽ·å¾—ä¸Žä»·å€¼ç›¸å½“çš„åŠ è–ªå°†æ˜¯å¤šä¹ˆç¾Žå¥½ï¼ˆIt would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit),但大多数公å�¸å¹¶ä¸�如æ¤ç¾Žå¥½ï¼Œè¦�æƒ³èŽ·å¾—åº”å¾—çš„åŠ è–ªï¼Œè¿˜æ˜¯è‡ªå·±æ��出申请。下文继ç»è®²å¦‚何æ��å‡ºåŠ è–ªè¦�求。
  å�Žå››æ®µè®²äº†å¦‚何æ��å‡ºåŠ è–ªè¦�求的è¦�点,其ä¸å‰�三段是准备工作,å�Žä¸€æ®µæ˜¯å�³æ—¶æ��出è¦�求时应采å�–çš„ç–略。首先,è¦�拿业绩说è¯�(Performance is your best bargaining chip)。这里需è¦�注æ„�的是è¦�能够让è€�æ�¿çœ‹åˆ°ä½ çš„è¡¨çŽ°å€¼å¾—åŠ è–ªï¼ˆbe able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise),å�¦å¤–æ��出è¦�求的时机(Timing)也很é‡�è¦�,是在刚刚满足了è€�æ�¿çš„需求之å�Žã€‚
  其次,信æ�¯ä¹Ÿæ˜¯è®¨ä»·è¿˜ä»·çš„ç¹ç �(Use information as a bargaining chip too),è¦�çœ‹çœ‹ä½ åœ¨å¸‚åœºä¸Šèƒ½å€¼ä»€ä¹ˆä»·ï¼Œçœ‹çœ‹åˆ«äººä¼šä»˜ç»™ä½ å¤šå°‘é’±ã€‚
  å�Žä¸€æ®µå®žé™…上讲的是æ��出è¦�求的勇气和ç–略。Go into the negotiations,这是个祈使å�¥ï¼Œæœ‰é¼“励ã€�打气的å�«ä¹‰ã€‚而å�Žé�¢çš„use communication style(以交æµ�çš„æ€�度)说的是æ��出è¦�求时的基本ç–略。
  26. C
  题目是问在获得一个工作之�,一个人应当如何。
  A,展现他的能力。
  B,给他的��留下一个好�象。
  C,尽��求多的薪水。
  D,�求希望得到的薪水。
  é�“题考查的必然是段——å�ªè¦�这一段ä¸�是太çŸã€‚æ ¹æ�®ä¸Šé�¢çš„分æž�å�¯çŸ¥ï¼Œæ®µé‡Œä»Žç¬¬äºŒå�¥å¼€å§‹è®²çš„都是如何è¦�æ±‚åŠ è–ªçš„é—®é¢˜ï¼Œè¿™å·²ç»�是获得工作之å�Žçš„事情了。本题问的是在获得工作之å‰�å¦‚ä½•å¦‚ä½•ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå®ƒçš„ç”æ¡ˆä¸€å®šåœ¨å�¥è¯�ä¸ï¼šIt is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage increases。大æ„�是:为原始工资谈判è¦�æ›´ä¸ºå®¹æ˜“ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä½ ä¸€æ—¦è¿›å…¥äº†å…¬å�¸ä»¥å�Žï¼Œå…¬å�¸çš„é™�制就会影å“�工资增长。这å�¥è¯�å�ªè°ˆåˆ°äº†å·¥èµ„问题,所以æ¥å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除Aå’ŒBï¼Œå› ä¸ºå®ƒä»¬è°ˆè®ºçš„ä¸�是工资。Cå’ŒD的区别å�ªåœ¨äºŽä¸€ä¸ªæ˜¯å°½é‡�è¦�求多的工资,一个是å�ªæŒ‰è‡ªå·±çš„希望è¦�æ±‚å·¥èµ„ã€‚å®žé™…ä¸Šè¿™äºŒè€…æœ¬èº«æœ‰å¤šå¤§åŒºåˆ«éƒ½å¾ˆéš¾è¯´ï¼Œå› ä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªäººå¯¹å·¥èµ„çš„æœŸæœ›ä¸€èˆ¬æƒ…å†µä¸‹å½“ç„¶æ˜¯è¶Šå¤šè¶Šå¥½ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆCå’ŒD其实是å�¯ä»¥äº’é€šçš„ã€‚ä½†æ˜¯æˆ‘ä»¬å¿…é¡»é€‰æ‹©å‡ºä¸€ä¸ªä½œä¸ºç”æ¡ˆï¼Œé‚£å°±å�ªèƒ½æ�£æµ‹å‡ºé¢˜è€…çš„æ„�æ€�,是C对还是D对。
  这一å�¥è¯�å‰�å�Šå�¥æ—¢æ²¡æœ‰è¯´â€œå°½é‡�è¦�求â€�也没有说“希望â€�,从这里很难å�šå‡ºåˆ¤æ–。先ä¸�看å‰�å�Šå�¥ï¼Œæ�¥åˆ†æž�å�Žå�Šå�¥ï¼šå› ä¸ºä½ ä¸€æ—¦è¿›å…¥äº†å…¬å�¸ä»¥å�Žï¼Œå…¬å�¸çš„é™�制就会影å“�工资增长。既然担心入è�Œå�Žä¼šé™�制工资增长,那么å�¯ä»¥å�šå‡ºè¿™æ ·çš„æŽ¨æ–——是入è�Œå‰�谈好ç�†æƒ³çš„工资,å�¦åˆ™å…¥è�Œå�Žå†�è°ˆæ¶¨å·¥èµ„å°±å›°éš¾äº†ã€‚è¿™æ ·çœ‹æ�¥ï¼Œå‡ºé¢˜è€…çš„æ„�æ€�很å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯é€‰C,而ä¸�是事先希望的一个工资水平。
  27. B
  这é�“题是问从Beth的故事å�¯ä»¥æŽ¨æ–出什么。
  A,对女性的å��è§�在一些机构ä¾�ç„¶å˜åœ¨ã€‚
  B,如果人们想�得到他们�应得到的,就必须�出�求。
  C,人们�应该满足于他们已有的东西。
  D,为工作谈判时应该�心为妙。
  Bethçš„æ•…äº‹å°±æ˜¯ç¬¬äºŒæ®µï¼Œå› ä¸ºè¿™é‡Œä½¿ç”¨çš„äººç§°æ˜¯I,而到了第三段,人称å�˜æˆ�了we,å�¯ä»¥åˆ¤æ–ä¸�是Beth讲述的内容了。第二段首先è¦�注æ„�的是å�¥è¯�:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it.(当我没有æ��出è¦�求时,我没有得到我想得到的),这是一个总领å�¥ï¼Œæ˜¯å�Žé�¢éƒ¨åˆ†æ‰€è¿°çš„å†…å®¹çš„æ ¸å¿ƒï¼Œæ¤å�Žæ‰€è¯´çš„具体故事都是为了说明这个观点。四个选项ä¸B的说法与æ¤ä¸ºæŽ¥è¿‘,å�¯ä»¥é€‰B。Cå’ŒDå�¯ä»¥è¾ƒå®¹æ˜“地排除,A所说的å��è§�在文ä¸å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰ä½“现,导致女性工资å�œæ»žçš„åŽŸå› æ˜¯å¥³æ€§ä¸�愿主动æ��出涨工资的è¦�求,而ä¸�是人们对女性的å��è§�。
  28. A
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®ä»Žæ–‡ç« å�¯ä»¥äº†è§£åˆ°ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  A,在工资增长问题上å˜åœ¨ä¸�公之处。
  B,大多数人过度工作,报酬过低。
  C,一个人应该��夸大自己的业绩表现。
  D,多数公�自动给员工增长工资。
  这 个题目比较å�“人,ä¹�çœ‹ä¹‹ä¸‹ä¼¼ä¹Žåœ¨è€ƒæŸ¥å¯¹å…¨ç¯‡æ–‡ç« çš„ç�†è§£ã€‚但å�¯ä»¥çœ‹åˆ°è¿™å�ªæ˜¯ç¬¬ä¸‰é�“题,å�Žé�¢è¿˜æœ‰ä¸¤é�“。如果这é�“考的是全篇ç�†è§£ï¼ŒæŒ‰é�“ç�†å�Žé�¢ä¸¤é�“也应该考查全篇 ç�†è§£ã€‚一篇阅读有五分之三考查全篇是ä¸�å�¯èƒ½çš„。那么应该如何缩å°�ç›®æ ‡èŒƒå›´å‘¢ï¼Ÿç¬¬äºŒæ®µå·²ç»�考查过,å�¥å�å�ˆéƒ½æ¯”较浅显,应该ä¸�会å†�考。大略看一下29题,是问为了获得工资增长,一个人应该怎么å�šï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯å�Žå››æ®µçš„内容。在å�Žå››æ®µå’Œç¬¬äºŒæ®µä¹‹é—´ï¼Œæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªæ¯”较çŸçš„æ®µè�½ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜è€ƒæŸ¥çš„对象应该就是它——It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “niceâ€� isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it,大æ„�æ˜¯â€œå¦‚æžœæˆ‘ä»¬éƒ½èƒ½å¤Ÿè‡ªåŠ¨èŽ·å¾—ä¸Žä»·å€¼ç›¸å½“çš„åŠ è–ªå°†æ˜¯å¤šä¹ˆç¾Žå¥½ï¼Œä½†ç¾Žå¥½å¯¹äºŽå¤šæ•°å…¬å�¸æ�¥è¯´å¹¶ä¸�æ˜¯å¿…å¤‡ç‰¹è´¨ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ è§‰å¾—åº”èŽ·å¤§å¹…åº¦çš„åŠ è–ªï¼Œé‚£æ˜¯æ��出æ�¥ã€‚â€�
  Bå’ŒC在这里都没有æ��到,å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除,D的说法与这一段的æ„�æ€�æ£å¥½ç›¸å��——文ä¸çš„è§‚ç‚¹æ˜¯æ ¹æ�®ä»·å€¼æ�¥è‡ªåŠ¨å¢žé•¿å·¥èµ„æ˜¯ä¸€ç§�美好的ç�†æƒ³è€Œå·²ï¼Œå¤šæ•°å…¬å�¸å¹¶ä¸�如æ¤ã€‚言下之æ„�ä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯è¯´â€œæ ¹æ�®ä»·å€¼æ�¥è‡ªåŠ¨å¢žé•¿å·¥èµ„â€�是ä¸�能实现的,å�šå‡ºäº†è´¡çŒ®ï¼Œå�´æ²¡æœ‰ç›¸åº”地增长工资,这是一ç§�什么现象呢?å�¯ä»¥è®¤ä¸ºè¿™æ˜¯ä¸€ç§�ä¸�公平的现象。A是æ£ç¡®çš„。
  29. D
  这�题是问一个人�想获得工资增长应该怎么�。
  如何æ��出工资增长è¦�求是å�Žå››æ®µçš„内容。其ä¸å‰�三段是准备工作,å�Žä¸€æ®µæ˜¯å�³æ—¶æ��出è¦�求的ç–略。把四个选项与å�Žå››æ®µå†…容å�šä¸€ä¸‹å¯¹ç…§å°±å�¯ä»¥æ‰¾åˆ°æ£ç¡®ç”案了。
  A,在人æ‰�市场上推销自己(为自己å�šå¹¿å‘Šï¼‰ã€‚æ–‡ç« æ��到market是这一å�¥ï¼šFind out what you are worth on the open market,这里的æ„�æ€�是在市场上了解一下自己的价值,而ä¸�是去市场上推销自己,å�¦åˆ™çš„è¯�,就æˆ�了æ�¢å·¥ä½œè€Œä¸�是涨工资了。
  B,åŠ�说è€�æ�¿ç¾è®¢ä¸€ä»½é•¿æœŸå�ˆå�Œã€‚没有找到类似的内容。
  C,努力获得公�的内部信�。Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?这里讲到了信�问题,但显然这里所说的信�是指公�外部——公开市场信�,获�信�目的是�现自己的真实市场价值,为�出��的工资�求�好准备。
  Dï¼Œæ ¹æ�®ä»·å€¼å�šå‡ºå·¥èµ„增长的决定之å‰�,å�šä¸€äº›è´¡çŒ®ç»™è€�æ�¿ç•™ä¸‹æ·±åˆ»å�°è±¡ã€‚If you can give your boss something he or she needs……这一å�¥çš„内容与D的说法一致。å�¯ä»¥ç¡®å®šé€‰D。
  30. C
  题目是问è¦�想在谈判ä¸èŽ·å¾—æˆ�功,一个人必须怎么å�šã€‚
  A,在�适的时间与他的����。
  B,准时到达谈判桌。
  C,善于影�交�互动的结果。
  D,熟悉��的好�。
  看完这四个选项之å�Žï¼Œå�¯ä»¥åˆ¤æ–这里æ��到的内容与å�Žå››æ®µä¸çš„å‰�ä¸‰æ®µæ— å…³ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå�¯ä»¥æ–定æ¤é¢˜è€ƒæŸ¥çš„æ˜¯å�Žä¸€æ®µçš„内容。å�Žä¸€æ®µè®²äº†ä¸¤ç‚¹ï¼ˆå‰�å�Žç”¨and连接),是Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time,带上这些ç¹ç �,在å�ˆé€‚的时间去谈判å�§ã€‚这里的on the table是一ç§�比喻说法,指让è€�æ�¿çœ‹åˆ°ä½ çš„ç¹ç �ï¼›at the appropriate time指的是上文说的ç�†æƒ³çš„æ—¶æœºï¼Œå¦‚刚刚ç¾ä¸‹äº†ä¸€ä¸ªå®¢æˆ·ï¼ˆè€Œä¸�是A所说的è§�é�¢çš„å…·ä½“æ—¶é—´ï¼‰ã€‚è¿™æ ·Aå’ŒB的说法就都ä¸�æ£ç¡®äº†ã€‚第二点是use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction ,这里的guide the direction of the interaction 直译是控制交æµ�的方å�‘,与C所说的“影å“�交æµ�互动的结果â€�æ„�æ€�ä¸€æ ·ã€‚Dçš„è¯´æ³•åœ¨æ–‡ä¸æ‰¾ä¸�到,å�¯ä»¥æŽ’é™¤ï¼Œè¿™æ ·å�ªèƒ½é€‰æ‹©C。
  编辑推�:
  2011å¹´12月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
  2011å¹´6月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
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