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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  Passage Two
  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
  It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约�) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don’t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth’s story:
  I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle (�隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.
  It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice� isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it.
  Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹�) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.
  Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market.
  What will someone else pay for your services?
  Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.
  26. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should ________.
  A) demonstrate his capability
  B) give his boss a good impression
  C) ask for as much money as he can
  D) ask for the salary he hopes to get(D)
  27. What can be inferred from Beth’s story?
  A) Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.
  B) If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.
  C) People should not be content with what they have got.
  D) People should be careful when negotiating for a job.(B)
  28. We can learn from the passage that ________.
  A) unfairness exists in salary increases
  B) most people are overworked and underpaid
  C) one should avoid overstating one’s performance
  D) most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises(A)
  29. To get a pay raise, a person should ________.
  A) advertise himself on the job market
  B) persuade his boss to sign a long-term contract
  C) try to get inside information about the organization
  D) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions(D)
  30. To be successful in negotiations, one must ________.
  A) meet his boss at the appropriate time
  B) arrive at the negotiation table punctually
  C) be good at influencing the outcome of the interaction
  D) be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes(C)
  这篇文章讲的是�场加薪问题。开头先讲原始工资�求的�出更为容易(It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement),这是为了和下文所讲的加薪�求的�出作为对比,引出�料主�讨论的�题。段��还有两��,一是说如果你��出加薪请求的�,获得�应得到的加薪机会就会大大�少(your chances of getting the raise…… are less)。二是说男人们更喜欢�求,而且得到的也多(Men tend to ask for more, and they get more)。�注�这一�中的men是�数形�,那么就应该指的是“男人�,而�是统称的“人�。与此对应,女人在�求加薪上�能就�消�一些。由此�以推断段�一�中的Beth是一�女士。
  下一段就开始以Beth的视角讲述她的�场��。这些��是对段�到的二点的�明。这一段��很多,主���无�是男�事们一个个地连�三级,有了自己的办公室,而自己�一直苦守在�的�隔间里。原因呢?在这段的开头就已�给出了:没有�求,就没有收获(I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it)。
  下一段���了第三人称视角,说到如果我们都能够自动获得与价值相当的加薪将是多么美好(It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit),但大多数公�并�如此美好,�想获得应得的加薪,还是自己�出申请。下文继续讲如何�出加薪�求。
  �四段讲了如何�出加薪�求的�点,其中�三段是准备工作,�一段是�时�出�求时应采�的策略。首先,�拿业绩说�(Performance is your best bargaining chip)。这里需�注�的是�能够让��看到你的表现值得加薪(be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise),�外�出�求的时机(Timing)也很��,是在刚刚满足了��的需求之�。
  其次,信�也是讨价还价的筹�(Use information as a bargaining chip too),�看看你在市场上能值什么价,看看别人会付给你多少钱。
  �一段实际上讲的是�出�求的勇气和策略。Go into the negotiations,这是个祈使�,有鼓励�打气的�义。而��的use communication style(以交�的�度)说的是�出�求时的基本策略。
  26. C
  题目是问在获得一个工作之�,一个人应当如何。
  A,展现他的能力。
  B,给他的��留下一个好�象。
  C,尽��求多的薪水。
  D,�求希望得到的薪水。
  �题考查的必然是段——��这一段�是太短。根�上�的分��知,段里从第二�开始讲的都是如何�求加薪的问题,这已�是获得工作之�的事情了。本题问的是在获得工作之�如何如何,那么它的答案一定在��中:It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage increases。大�是:为原始工资谈判�更为容易,因为你一旦进入了公�以�,公�的�制就会影�工资增长。这���谈到了工资问题,所以步�以排除A和B,因为它们谈论的�是工资。C和D的区别�在于一个是尽��求多的工资,一个是�按自己的希望�求工资。实际上这二者本身有多大区别都很难说,因为一个人对工资的期望一般情况下当然是越多越好,那么C和D其实是�以互通的。但是我们必须选择出一个作为答案,那就�能�测出题者的��,是C对还是D对。
  这一�����既没有说“尽��求�也没有说“希望�,从这里很难�出判断。先�看���,�分����:因为你一旦进入了公�以�,公�的�制就会影�工资增长。既然担心入��会�制工资增长,那么�以�出这样的推断——是入��谈好�想的工资,�则入���谈涨工资就困难了。这样看�,出题者的��很�能是选C,而�是事先希望的一个工资水平。
  27. B
  这�题是问从Beth的故事�以推断出什么。
  A,对女性的��在一些机构�然存在。
  B,如果人们想�得到他们�应得到的,就必须�出�求。
  C,人们�应该满足于他们已有的东西。
  D,为工作谈判时应该�心为妙。
  Beth的故事就是第二段,因为这里使用的人称是I,而到了第三段,人称��了we,�以判断�是Beth讲述的内容了。第二段首先�注�的是��:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it.(当我没有�出�求时,我没有得到我想得到的),这是一个总领�,是��部分所述的内容的核心,此�所说的具体故事都是为了说明这个观点。四个选项中B的说法与此为接近,�以选B。C和D�以较容易地排除,A所说的��在文中并没有体现,导致女性工资�滞的原因是女性�愿主动�出涨工资的�求,而�是人们对女性的��。
  28. A
  题目问从文章�以了解到什么。
  A,在工资增长问题上存在�公之处。
  B,大多数人过度工作,报酬过低。
  C,一个人应该��夸大自己的业绩表现。
  D,多数公�自动给员工增长工资。
  这 个题目比较�人,�看之下似乎在考查对全篇文章的�解。但�以看到这�是第三�题,��还有两�。如果这�考的是全篇�解,按����两�也应该考查全篇 �解。一篇阅读有五分之三考查全篇是��能的。那么应该如何缩�目标范围呢?第二段已�考查过,���都比较浅显,应该�会�考。大略看一下29题,是问为了获得工资增长,一个人应该怎么�,这是�四段的内容。在�四段和第二段之间,有一个比较短的段�,本题考查的对象应该就是它——It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice� isn’t a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you’ll probably have to ask for it,大�是“如果我们都能够自动获得与价值相当的加薪将是多么美好,但美好对于多数公��说并�是必备特质。如果你觉得应获大幅度的加薪,那是�出�。�
  B和C在这里都没有�到,�以排除,D的说法与这一段的��正好相�——文中的观点是根�价值�自动增长工资是一�美好的�想而已,多数公�并�如此。言下之�也就是说“根�价值�自动增长工资�是�能实现的,�出了贡献,�没有相应地增长工资,这是一�什么现象呢?�以认为这是一��公平的现象。A是正确的。
  29. D
  这�题是问一个人�想获得工资增长应该怎么�。
  如何�出工资增长�求是�四段的内容。其中�三段是准备工作,�一段是�时�出�求的策略。把四个选项与�四段内容�一下对照就�以找到正确答案了。
  A,在人�市场上推销自己(为自己�广告)。文章�到market是这一�:Find out what you are worth on the open market,这里的��是在市场上了解一下自己的价值,而�是去市场上推销自己,�则的�,就�了�工作而�是涨工资了。
  B,�说��签订一份长期��。没有找到类似的内容。
  C,努力获得公�的内部信�。Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?这里讲到了信�问题,但显然这里所说的信�是指公�外部——公开市场信�,获�信�目的是�现自己的真实市场价值,为�出��的工资�求�好准备。
  D,根�价值�出工资增长的决定之�,�一些贡献给��留下深刻�象。If you can give your boss something he or she needs……这一�的内容与D的说法一致。�以确定选D。
  30. C
  题目是问�想在谈判中获得�功,一个人必须怎么�。
  A,在�适的时间与他的����。
  B,准时到达谈判桌。
  C,善于影�交�互动的结果。
  D,熟悉��的好�。
  看完这四个选项之�,�以判断这里�到的内容与�四段中的�三段无关,那么�以断定此题考查的是�一段的内容。�一段讲了两点(��用and连接),是Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time,带上这些筹�,在�适的时间去谈判�。这里的on the table是一�比喻说法,指让��看到你的筹�;at the appropriate time指的是上文说的�想的时机,如刚刚签下了一个客户(而�是A所说的��的具体时间)。这样A和B的说法就都�正确了。第二点是use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction ,这里的guide the direction of the interaction 直译是控制交�的方�,与C所说的“影�交�互动的结果���一样。D的说法在文中找�到,�以排除,这样�能选择C。

  编辑推�:
  2011年12月英语四级阅读试题�答案汇总
  2011年6月英语四级阅读试题�答案汇总

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