历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2002-2004)
- 第1页:2002.1�Passageone
- 第2页:2002.1�PassageTwo
- 第3页:2002.1�PassageThree
- 第4页:2002.1�PassageFour
- 第5页:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6页:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9页:2003.1-Passage One
  Passage Two
  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
  Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.�
  Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,� says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.�
  Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,� says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.� Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
  Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,� he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (�物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
  Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,� says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
  26. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
  A) It helps us understand our memory system better.
  B) It enables us to recall something form our memory.
  C) It expands our memory capacity considerably.
  D) It slows down the process of losing our memory.(B)
  27. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.
  A) they have a wider range of interests
  B) they are more reliant on the environment
  C) they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
  D) they are more interested in what’s happening around them(D)
  28. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.
  A) it will easily get lost
  B) it’s not clear enough for you to read
  C) it’s out of your sight
  D) it might get mixed up with other things(C)
  29. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
  A) If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
  B) Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
  C) Repetition helps improve our memory.
  D) If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.(A)
  30. What is the passage mainly about?
  A) The process of gradual memory loss.
  B) The causes of absent-mindedness.
  C) The impact of the environment on memory.
  D) A way if encoding and recalling.(B)
  这篇æ��料讲的是人们的å�¥å¿˜è¡Œä¸ºã€‚一共有五段,段æ��出å�¥å¿˜çš„问题并å�šäº†åˆ�æ¥åˆ†æž�,二三两段是对å�¥å¿˜åŽŸå› çš„åˆ†æž�,å�Žä¸¤æ®µå‘Šè¯‰äººä»¬ä¸€äº›å¯¹ä»˜å�¥å¿˜çš„åŠžæ³•ã€‚è¿™ä¸‰éƒ¨åˆ†å‘ˆçŽ°ä¸€ä¸ªæ ‡å‡†çš„æ��出问题ã€�分æž�问题ã€�解决问题的逻辑顺åº�。
  作者在开头举了两个å�¥å¿˜çš„例å�:丢三è�½å››å’Œè¿›äº†æˆ¿é—´å�´å¿˜äº†åŽ»å¹²ä»€ä¹ˆï¼ˆforgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room),而å�Žå�šäº†åˆ�æ¥åˆ†æž�:caused by a simple lack of attentionï¼ŒåŽŸå› ä»…ä»…æ˜¯ç¼ºå°‘æ³¨æ„�åŠ›ã€‚å› ä¸ºæ³¨æ„�力的缺失,本应记ä½�的东西,å�´æ²¡æœ‰â€œç¼–ç �â€�è¿›ä½ çš„å¤§è„‘ä¸ï¼ˆyou haven’t encoded it deeply)。
  下一段继ç»è¯¦è¿°ä¿¡æ�¯ç¼–ç �失败如何会导致å�¥å¿˜ã€‚作者举了一个例å�ï¼šä½ åœ¨å’Œäººè°ˆè¯� 的时候把手机放入å�£è¢‹ä¸å�´æ²¡æœ‰æ³¨æ„�到这一点,还以为手机放在了衣柜里的夹克内。显然,谈è¯�本身å� æ�®äº†äººçš„æ³¨æ„�力,而在放手机的行为上就出现了注æ„�力缺失。 作者借一ä½�专业人士的è¯�指出,人的记忆力没有问题,å�ªæ˜¯äººä»¬æ²¡æœ‰æŠŠä¿¡æ�¯é€‚当地输入记忆系统(you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed)。这是注æ„�力缺失导致å�¥å¿˜çš„æ ¹æœ¬æ‰€åœ¨ã€‚
  接下æ�¥ï¼Œä½œè€…æ��出了å�¥å¿˜çš„å�¦ä¸€ä¸ªåŽŸå› ï¼šç¼ºå°‘å…´è¶£ï¼ˆLack of interest)。作者举了一个例å�:一个男人å�¯ä»¥è®°ä½�一场体育比赛的数æ�®è€Œä¸‰å��å¹´ä¸�忘,å�´å�¯èƒ½ä¼šå¿˜äº†å¯„信(may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.)。女性的记忆力比男性ç¨�好,很å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯å› 为她们对环境的注æ„�力更强,而记忆本身æ�°æ�°æœ‰èµ–于æ¤ï¼ˆthey pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.)。从这å�¥è¯�å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œç¼ºå°‘兴趣是导致注æ„�åŠ›ç¼ºå¤±çš„ä¸€ä¸ªç›´æŽ¥åŽŸå› ï¼Œä¸Žç¼–ç �失败是并列关系,而ä¸�是与注æ„�力缺失并列构æˆ�å�¥å¿˜çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚
  å�Žä¸¤æ®µæ��出了对付å�¥å¿˜çš„建议。首先是å�šä¸€äº›â€œè§†è§‰æ��示物â€�(Visual cues)。这些æ��示物è¦�清晰å�¯è§�,å�Œæ—¶ä¼¸æ‰‹å�¯å�Šï¼ˆclear and available)。比如,为了使自己记得在å�ˆé¥çš„æ—¶å€™å�ƒè�¯ï¼Œå°±åº”该把è�¯ç“¶æ”¾åœ¨åŽ¨æˆ¿çš„æ¡Œå�上,而ä¸�è¦�放在è�¯æŸœé‡Œï¼Œå�´å†™ä¸€ä¸ªçº¸æ�¡æ”¾è¿›å�£è¢‹ã€‚
  倒数第二段的建议�以说是针对丢三�四这一�忘现象,�一段�针对“走进房间�忘了去�什么��出了建议。的办法是回到进入房间之�的地方(The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember)。
  26. B
  题目问为什么作者认为æ£ç¡®ç¼–ç �是é�žå¸¸é‡�è¦�的。
  A,æ£ç¡®ç¼–ç �å�¯ä»¥å¸®åŠ©æˆ‘ä»¬æ›´å¥½åœ°ç�†è§£æˆ‘们的记忆系统。
  B,使我们å‡è®°å¿†æƒ³èµ·äº‹æƒ…。
  C,相当程度上拓展我们的记忆能力。
  D,延缓记忆衰退的过程。
  作者次æ��到encode是在段末尾,然å�Žåœ¨ç¬¬äºŒæ®µå¼€å¤´å¯¹encodeå�šäº†è¯¦ç»†è¯´æ˜Žã€‚å…¨å�¥æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„:Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later——encoding is a special way是å�¥å�的主体,æ„�æ€�是“编ç �是一ç§�å¯¹äº‹ä»¶åŠ ä»¥å…³æ³¨çš„ç‰¹æ®Šæ–¹å¼�â€�。Has a major impact on recalling it later,对以å�Žæƒ³èµ·è¿™ä¸€äº‹ä»¶æ�¥æœ‰å¾ˆå¤§å½±å“�。æ�¢å�¥è¯�说,Encodingå�¯ä»¥ä½¿æˆ‘们回忆起å�‘生过的事件,其原ç�†æ˜¯å¯¹å�‘ç”Ÿäº‹ä»¶åŠ ä»¥ç‰¹æ®Šå…³æ³¨ã€‚å››ä¸ªç”æ¡ˆä¸B 的说法与æ¤ä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  27. D
  题目问女性比男性拥有更佳记忆力的一个å�¯èƒ½åŽŸå› æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  Aï¼Œå¥¹ä»¬çš„å…´è¶£æ›´åŠ å¹¿æ³›ã€‚
  B,她们对环境的�赖更强。
  C,她们具有ä¸�ä¸€èˆ¬çš„é›†ä¸æ³¨æ„�力的能力。
  D,她们对�生在身边的事情更有兴趣。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« æ��到题目所说的女性比男性记忆力好是在第三段:Women have slightly better memories than menï¼Œä¹Ÿè§£é‡Šäº†åŽŸå› possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that——å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯å› ä¸ºå¥¹ä»¬å¯¹å‘¨å›´çŽ¯å¢ƒæ›´åŠ æ³¨æ„�,而记忆æ�°æ�°æœ‰èµ–于æ¤ã€‚åŽŸå› çš„è§£é‡Šè™½ç„¶æ¸…æ™°ï¼Œä½†çœ‹çœ‹å››ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹ï¼Œé€‰å‡ºæ£ç¡®ç”案å�´å¹¶ä¸�容易。Aå’ŒB离题较远,å�¯ 以排除;关键è¦�在Cå’ŒD之间å�šå‡ºé€‰æ‹©ã€‚C强调注æ„�力,Då¼ºè°ƒå…´è¶£ã€‚ä»Žæ–‡ç« åŽŸè¯�æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œå�ªå‡ºçŽ°äº†attention,å�³æ³¨æ„�力,没有出现interest,å�³ 兴趣,似乎应该选择C。这时需è¦�查看上下文,段首的一å�¥æ˜¯Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness(缺少兴趣也能导致心ä¸�在焉),这应该是段è�½çš„æ€»èµ·å�¥ï¼Œå…¨æ®µå†…容都是围绕它æ�¥å±•å¼€çš„ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„è¯�,女性与男性对比的例å� 应该也是æœ�务于这å�¥è¯�,也就是强调兴趣。本题å�¯ä»¥é€‰D。
  å†�看C,Cæ��å‡ºå¥³æ€§çš„é›†ä¸æ³¨æ„�力的能力更强,但文ä¸å�ªæ��到pay more attention,这是一个事实ã€�ç»“æžœï¼ŒåŽŸå› æ˜¯å�¦æ˜¯èƒ½åŠ›æ›´å¼ºå‘¢ï¼Ÿæ–‡ç« æ²¡æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥è¯´æ˜Žï¼Œä»Žæ®µé¦–å�¥æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸�是能力强,而是兴趣问题。
  28. C
  题目问放在衣袋里的便æ�¡å¾ˆéš¾ä½œä¸ºæ��ç¤ºç‰©ï¼Œæ˜¯å› ä¸ºä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  A,便�容易丢失。
  B,�够清楚易读。
  C,ä¸�åœ¨ä½ çš„è§†çº¿ä¹‹å†…ã€‚
  D,�能会与其他物�混在一起。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« æ��到“衣袋里的便æ�¡â€�是在第四段,原å�¥æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„:don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket,æ„�æ€�是ä¸�è¦�把è�¯ç“¶ç•™åœ¨è�¯æŸœå†…ï¼Œè€Œè‡ªå·±å†™ä¸€å¼ çº¸æ�¡æ�£è¿›å�£è¢‹ã€‚è¿™å�¥è¯�是在å�¦å®šâ€œå†™çº¸æ�¡æ”¾è¿›å�£è¢‹â€�è¿™ç§�æ��醒方å¼�,与题目所说一致。ä¸�过这å�¥è¯�没有 说明为何ä¸�å�¯çš„åŽŸå› ï¼ŒåŽŸå› è¿˜è¦�到上文去找。
  这一段ä¸å�¯ä¾›åˆ†æž�的地方一共两处,一是å�¥é¦–Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness,这是本段的总起å�¥ï¼Œæ˜¯å¯¹æ®µè�½æ ¸å¿ƒæ„�æ€�的概括。需è¦�注æ„�的是它æ��到了“视觉æ��示物â€�,也就是“看得è§�â€�çš„æ��示物。å�¦ä¸€ 处是But be sure the cue is clear and available,æ��示物è¦�清楚ã€�易得。这两处所强调的共å�Œç‚¹æ˜¯æ��示物必须是举目所å�Šã€�ä½�äºŽè§†çº¿èŒƒå›´ä¹‹å†…çš„ã€‚å››ä¸ªç”æ¡ˆä¸ä¸Žæ¤ä¸ºæŽ¥è¿‘的是C。Aå’ŒDçš„è¯´æ³•åœ¨æ–‡ä¸æ²¡æœ‰ä¸�毫æ��å�Šï¼Œå�¯ä»¥æŽ’除。Bæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªè¿·æƒ‘é€‰é¡¹ï¼Œå› ä¸ºå®ƒä½¿ç”¨äº†clear一è¯�,而文ä¸çš„But be sure the cue is clear and available一å�¥ä¸ä¹Ÿå‡ºçŽ°äº†clear。但Bä¸clearå�Žé�¢è·Ÿçš„æ˜¯for you to read,表明“清楚â€�是为了辨认å—迹,而ä¸�æ˜¯å¦‚æ–‡ä¸æ‰€è¯´â€�å�‘现“。
  29. A
  本题问我们能从å�Žä¸€æ®µä¸çŸ¥é�“什么。
  A,如果我们把注æ„�力集ä¸åœ¨ä¸€ä»¶äº‹ä¸Šï¼Œå°±å�¯èƒ½ä¼šå¿˜è®°äº†å�¦ä¸€ä»¶ã€‚
  B,记忆一定程度上有赖于环境。
  C,��有助于改善记忆。
  D,如果我们总是忘记事情,那么回到原�的地方。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µä¸»è¦�讨论“走进房间å�´å¿˜äº†åŽ»å�šä»€ä¹ˆâ€�这一å�¥å¿˜çŽ°è±¡ï¼Œä¸€å…±å››å�¥è¯�,å�¥æ��述现象,第二å�¥ç»™å‡ºäº†å�¯èƒ½çš„åŽŸå› â€”â€”åœ¨æƒ³å�¦å¤–一件事。第三å�¥å€Ÿä»–人之å�£æŒ‡å‡ºè¿™ç§�情况频ç¹�å�‘生。å�Žä¸€å�¥æ˜¯è§£å†³åŠžæ³•ï¼šå›žåˆ°åŽŸæ�¥çš„地方。
  A的说法是在解释å�¥å¿˜çš„åŽŸå› ï¼Œå’Œå�Žä¸€æ®µç¬¬äºŒå�¥è¯�çš„æ„�æ€�一致,是æ£ç¡®çš„æŽ¨ç�†ã€‚
  环境是上文论述的内容,在å�Žä¸€æ®µæ¯«æ— ç�€è�½ï¼Œå› æ¤B的说法是错误的。
  �一段也没有�到“���的问题,C�以排除。
  Dçš„è¯´æ³•æœ‰ä¸€å®šè¿·æƒ‘æ€§ï¼Œå› ä¸ºå…¶å�Žå�Šå�¥åœ¨æ–‡ä¸ç›´æŽ¥æ��到过,而å‰�å�Šå�¥ä¹Ÿä¼¼ä¹Žå’ŒEveryone does this from time to time一å�¥å˜åœ¨è�”系(from time to time也有“总是â€�çš„æ„�æ€�)。这时è¦�注æ„�æ–‡ä¸çš„this到底指的是什么。å‰�文讲的是人们走进了房间å�´å¿˜è®°äº†åŽ»å�šä»€ä¹ˆï¼Œè€ŒåŽŸå› å¾ˆå�¯èƒ½æ˜¯åœ¨æƒ³å�¦å¤–一件事,那 么this指代的必然是å‰�文的这一内容,也就是“人们一次å�ˆä¸€æ¬¡åœ°åœ¨èµ°è¿›ä¸€ä¸ªæˆ¿é—´æ—¶è„‘å�里å�´æ€�考ç�€åˆ«çš„事情。â€�D所说的keep forgetting things过于笼统,实际上,我们从第四段能够推ç�†å‡ºçš„仅仅是“走入房间å�´å¿˜è®°åŽ»å�šä»€ä¹ˆâ€�这一ç§�情况å�¯ä»¥ç”¨â€œå›žåˆ°åŽŸæ�¥çš„地方â€�è¿™ç§�方法解决。D认为å�ªè¦�频ç¹�å�‘生å�¥å¿˜å°±è¦�回到原æ�¥çš„地方,显然是ä¸�对的。
  30. B
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®æœ¬ç¯‡æ–‡ç« ä¸»è¦�是关于什么的。
  A,记忆��衰退的过程。
  B,å�¥å¿˜çŽ°è±¡çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚
  C,环境对记忆的影�。
  D,一ç§�ç¼–ç �与回忆的方å¼�。
ã€€ã€€ç¯‡ç« åˆ†æž�å·²ç»�æ��到本文的大体结构,段æ��出å�¥å¿˜çš„问题并å�šäº†åˆ�æ¥åˆ†æž�,二三两段是对å�¥å¿˜åŽŸå› çš„åˆ†æž�,å�Žä¸¤æ®µå‘Šè¯‰äººä»¬ä¸€äº›å¯¹ä»˜å�¥å¿˜çš„办法。å�¯ä»¥è¯´æ–‡ç« 结 构相当完备,现象ã€�åŽŸå› ã€�解决办法都有涉å�Šã€‚Açš„è¯´æ³•åº”è¯¥å±žäºŽçŽ°è±¡ï¼Œä½†æ–‡ä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��到过å�¥å¿˜çŽ°è±¡æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªgradual(é€�æ¸�的)过程。å�¦å¤–ï¼ŒçŽ°è±¡åœ¨æ–‡ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¾®ä¸�è¶³é�“的部分,与题目所è¦�求的mainly aboutä¸�符。
  Bæ‰€è¯´çš„åŽŸå› æ˜¯ç¬¬äºŒä¸‰æ®µçš„å†…å®¹ï¼ˆæ®µæœ«ä¹Ÿæœ‰æ¶‰å�Šï¼‰ï¼Œä»ŽäºŒä¸‰æ®µçš„å—æ•°å’Œé‡�è¦�性æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œå�¯ä»¥è®¤ä¸ºæ˜¯æ–‡ç« 的主è¦�å†…å®¹ã€‚å½“ç„¶ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹å¦‚æžœèƒ½åŠ ä¸Šå�¥å¿˜çš„è§£å†³åŠžæ³•å°±æ›´åŠ å�ˆç�†äº†ã€‚
  Cå’ŒDè®²çš„éƒ½æ˜¯åŽŸå› ä¸çš„一个部分,ä¸�èƒ½çœ‹ä½œæ˜¯æ–‡ç« ä¸»è¦�内容。
  Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
  Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.�
  Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,� says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.�
  Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,� says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.� Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
  Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,� he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (�物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
  Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,� says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
  26. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
  A) It helps us understand our memory system better.
  B) It enables us to recall something form our memory.
  C) It expands our memory capacity considerably.
  D) It slows down the process of losing our memory.(B)
  27. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.
  A) they have a wider range of interests
  B) they are more reliant on the environment
  C) they have an unusual power of focusing their attention
  D) they are more interested in what’s happening around them(D)
  28. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.
  A) it will easily get lost
  B) it’s not clear enough for you to read
  C) it’s out of your sight
  D) it might get mixed up with other things(C)
  29. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
  A) If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.
  B) Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.
  C) Repetition helps improve our memory.
  D) If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.(A)
  30. What is the passage mainly about?
  A) The process of gradual memory loss.
  B) The causes of absent-mindedness.
  C) The impact of the environment on memory.
  D) A way if encoding and recalling.(B)
  这篇æ��料讲的是人们的å�¥å¿˜è¡Œä¸ºã€‚一共有五段,段æ��出å�¥å¿˜çš„问题并å�šäº†åˆ�æ¥åˆ†æž�,二三两段是对å�¥å¿˜åŽŸå› çš„åˆ†æž�,å�Žä¸¤æ®µå‘Šè¯‰äººä»¬ä¸€äº›å¯¹ä»˜å�¥å¿˜çš„åŠžæ³•ã€‚è¿™ä¸‰éƒ¨åˆ†å‘ˆçŽ°ä¸€ä¸ªæ ‡å‡†çš„æ��出问题ã€�分æž�问题ã€�解决问题的逻辑顺åº�。
  作者在开头举了两个å�¥å¿˜çš„例å�:丢三è�½å››å’Œè¿›äº†æˆ¿é—´å�´å¿˜äº†åŽ»å¹²ä»€ä¹ˆï¼ˆforgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room),而å�Žå�šäº†åˆ�æ¥åˆ†æž�:caused by a simple lack of attentionï¼ŒåŽŸå› ä»…ä»…æ˜¯ç¼ºå°‘æ³¨æ„�åŠ›ã€‚å› ä¸ºæ³¨æ„�力的缺失,本应记ä½�的东西,å�´æ²¡æœ‰â€œç¼–ç �â€�è¿›ä½ çš„å¤§è„‘ä¸ï¼ˆyou haven’t encoded it deeply)。
  下一段继ç»è¯¦è¿°ä¿¡æ�¯ç¼–ç �失败如何会导致å�¥å¿˜ã€‚作者举了一个例å�ï¼šä½ åœ¨å’Œäººè°ˆè¯� 的时候把手机放入å�£è¢‹ä¸å�´æ²¡æœ‰æ³¨æ„�到这一点,还以为手机放在了衣柜里的夹克内。显然,谈è¯�本身å� æ�®äº†äººçš„æ³¨æ„�力,而在放手机的行为上就出现了注æ„�力缺失。 作者借一ä½�专业人士的è¯�指出,人的记忆力没有问题,å�ªæ˜¯äººä»¬æ²¡æœ‰æŠŠä¿¡æ�¯é€‚当地输入记忆系统(you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed)。这是注æ„�力缺失导致å�¥å¿˜çš„æ ¹æœ¬æ‰€åœ¨ã€‚
  接下æ�¥ï¼Œä½œè€…æ��出了å�¥å¿˜çš„å�¦ä¸€ä¸ªåŽŸå› ï¼šç¼ºå°‘å…´è¶£ï¼ˆLack of interest)。作者举了一个例å�:一个男人å�¯ä»¥è®°ä½�一场体育比赛的数æ�®è€Œä¸‰å��å¹´ä¸�忘,å�´å�¯èƒ½ä¼šå¿˜äº†å¯„信(may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.)。女性的记忆力比男性ç¨�好,很å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯å› 为她们对环境的注æ„�力更强,而记忆本身æ�°æ�°æœ‰èµ–于æ¤ï¼ˆthey pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.)。从这å�¥è¯�å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œç¼ºå°‘兴趣是导致注æ„�åŠ›ç¼ºå¤±çš„ä¸€ä¸ªç›´æŽ¥åŽŸå› ï¼Œä¸Žç¼–ç �失败是并列关系,而ä¸�是与注æ„�力缺失并列构æˆ�å�¥å¿˜çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚
  å�Žä¸¤æ®µæ��出了对付å�¥å¿˜çš„建议。首先是å�šä¸€äº›â€œè§†è§‰æ��示物â€�(Visual cues)。这些æ��示物è¦�清晰å�¯è§�,å�Œæ—¶ä¼¸æ‰‹å�¯å�Šï¼ˆclear and available)。比如,为了使自己记得在å�ˆé¥çš„æ—¶å€™å�ƒè�¯ï¼Œå°±åº”该把è�¯ç“¶æ”¾åœ¨åŽ¨æˆ¿çš„æ¡Œå�上,而ä¸�è¦�放在è�¯æŸœé‡Œï¼Œå�´å†™ä¸€ä¸ªçº¸æ�¡æ”¾è¿›å�£è¢‹ã€‚
  倒数第二段的建议�以说是针对丢三�四这一�忘现象,�一段�针对“走进房间�忘了去�什么��出了建议。的办法是回到进入房间之�的地方(The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember)。
  26. B
  题目问为什么作者认为æ£ç¡®ç¼–ç �是é�žå¸¸é‡�è¦�的。
  A,æ£ç¡®ç¼–ç �å�¯ä»¥å¸®åŠ©æˆ‘ä»¬æ›´å¥½åœ°ç�†è§£æˆ‘们的记忆系统。
  B,使我们å‡è®°å¿†æƒ³èµ·äº‹æƒ…。
  C,相当程度上拓展我们的记忆能力。
  D,延缓记忆衰退的过程。
  作者次æ��到encode是在段末尾,然å�Žåœ¨ç¬¬äºŒæ®µå¼€å¤´å¯¹encodeå�šäº†è¯¦ç»†è¯´æ˜Žã€‚å…¨å�¥æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„:Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later——encoding is a special way是å�¥å�的主体,æ„�æ€�是“编ç �是一ç§�å¯¹äº‹ä»¶åŠ ä»¥å…³æ³¨çš„ç‰¹æ®Šæ–¹å¼�â€�。Has a major impact on recalling it later,对以å�Žæƒ³èµ·è¿™ä¸€äº‹ä»¶æ�¥æœ‰å¾ˆå¤§å½±å“�。æ�¢å�¥è¯�说,Encodingå�¯ä»¥ä½¿æˆ‘们回忆起å�‘生过的事件,其原ç�†æ˜¯å¯¹å�‘ç”Ÿäº‹ä»¶åŠ ä»¥ç‰¹æ®Šå…³æ³¨ã€‚å››ä¸ªç”æ¡ˆä¸B 的说法与æ¤ä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  27. D
  题目问女性比男性拥有更佳记忆力的一个å�¯èƒ½åŽŸå› æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  Aï¼Œå¥¹ä»¬çš„å…´è¶£æ›´åŠ å¹¿æ³›ã€‚
  B,她们对环境的�赖更强。
  C,她们具有ä¸�ä¸€èˆ¬çš„é›†ä¸æ³¨æ„�力的能力。
  D,她们对�生在身边的事情更有兴趣。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« æ��到题目所说的女性比男性记忆力好是在第三段:Women have slightly better memories than menï¼Œä¹Ÿè§£é‡Šäº†åŽŸå› possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that——å�¯èƒ½æ˜¯å› ä¸ºå¥¹ä»¬å¯¹å‘¨å›´çŽ¯å¢ƒæ›´åŠ æ³¨æ„�,而记忆æ�°æ�°æœ‰èµ–于æ¤ã€‚åŽŸå› çš„è§£é‡Šè™½ç„¶æ¸…æ™°ï¼Œä½†çœ‹çœ‹å››ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹ï¼Œé€‰å‡ºæ£ç¡®ç”案å�´å¹¶ä¸�容易。Aå’ŒB离题较远,å�¯ 以排除;关键è¦�在Cå’ŒD之间å�šå‡ºé€‰æ‹©ã€‚C强调注æ„�力,Då¼ºè°ƒå…´è¶£ã€‚ä»Žæ–‡ç« åŽŸè¯�æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œå�ªå‡ºçŽ°äº†attention,å�³æ³¨æ„�力,没有出现interest,å�³ 兴趣,似乎应该选择C。这时需è¦�查看上下文,段首的一å�¥æ˜¯Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness(缺少兴趣也能导致心ä¸�在焉),这应该是段è�½çš„æ€»èµ·å�¥ï¼Œå…¨æ®µå†…容都是围绕它æ�¥å±•å¼€çš„ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„è¯�,女性与男性对比的例å� 应该也是æœ�务于这å�¥è¯�,也就是强调兴趣。本题å�¯ä»¥é€‰D。
  å†�看C,Cæ��å‡ºå¥³æ€§çš„é›†ä¸æ³¨æ„�力的能力更强,但文ä¸å�ªæ��到pay more attention,这是一个事实ã€�ç»“æžœï¼ŒåŽŸå› æ˜¯å�¦æ˜¯èƒ½åŠ›æ›´å¼ºå‘¢ï¼Ÿæ–‡ç« æ²¡æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥è¯´æ˜Žï¼Œä»Žæ®µé¦–å�¥æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸�是能力强,而是兴趣问题。
  28. C
  题目问放在衣袋里的便æ�¡å¾ˆéš¾ä½œä¸ºæ��ç¤ºç‰©ï¼Œæ˜¯å› ä¸ºä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  A,便�容易丢失。
  B,�够清楚易读。
  C,ä¸�åœ¨ä½ çš„è§†çº¿ä¹‹å†…ã€‚
  D,�能会与其他物�混在一起。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« æ��到“衣袋里的便æ�¡â€�是在第四段,原å�¥æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„:don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket,æ„�æ€�是ä¸�è¦�把è�¯ç“¶ç•™åœ¨è�¯æŸœå†…ï¼Œè€Œè‡ªå·±å†™ä¸€å¼ çº¸æ�¡æ�£è¿›å�£è¢‹ã€‚è¿™å�¥è¯�是在å�¦å®šâ€œå†™çº¸æ�¡æ”¾è¿›å�£è¢‹â€�è¿™ç§�æ��醒方å¼�,与题目所说一致。ä¸�过这å�¥è¯�没有 说明为何ä¸�å�¯çš„åŽŸå› ï¼ŒåŽŸå› è¿˜è¦�到上文去找。
  这一段ä¸å�¯ä¾›åˆ†æž�的地方一共两处,一是å�¥é¦–Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness,这是本段的总起å�¥ï¼Œæ˜¯å¯¹æ®µè�½æ ¸å¿ƒæ„�æ€�的概括。需è¦�注æ„�的是它æ��到了“视觉æ��示物â€�,也就是“看得è§�â€�çš„æ��示物。å�¦ä¸€ 处是But be sure the cue is clear and available,æ��示物è¦�清楚ã€�易得。这两处所强调的共å�Œç‚¹æ˜¯æ��示物必须是举目所å�Šã€�ä½�äºŽè§†çº¿èŒƒå›´ä¹‹å†…çš„ã€‚å››ä¸ªç”æ¡ˆä¸ä¸Žæ¤ä¸ºæŽ¥è¿‘的是C。Aå’ŒDçš„è¯´æ³•åœ¨æ–‡ä¸æ²¡æœ‰ä¸�毫æ��å�Šï¼Œå�¯ä»¥æŽ’除。Bæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªè¿·æƒ‘é€‰é¡¹ï¼Œå› ä¸ºå®ƒä½¿ç”¨äº†clear一è¯�,而文ä¸çš„But be sure the cue is clear and available一å�¥ä¸ä¹Ÿå‡ºçŽ°äº†clear。但Bä¸clearå�Žé�¢è·Ÿçš„æ˜¯for you to read,表明“清楚â€�是为了辨认å—迹,而ä¸�æ˜¯å¦‚æ–‡ä¸æ‰€è¯´â€�å�‘现“。
  29. A
  本题问我们能从å�Žä¸€æ®µä¸çŸ¥é�“什么。
  A,如果我们把注æ„�力集ä¸åœ¨ä¸€ä»¶äº‹ä¸Šï¼Œå°±å�¯èƒ½ä¼šå¿˜è®°äº†å�¦ä¸€ä»¶ã€‚
  B,记忆一定程度上有赖于环境。
  C,��有助于改善记忆。
  D,如果我们总是忘记事情,那么回到原�的地方。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µä¸»è¦�讨论“走进房间å�´å¿˜äº†åŽ»å�šä»€ä¹ˆâ€�这一å�¥å¿˜çŽ°è±¡ï¼Œä¸€å…±å››å�¥è¯�,å�¥æ��述现象,第二å�¥ç»™å‡ºäº†å�¯èƒ½çš„åŽŸå› â€”â€”åœ¨æƒ³å�¦å¤–一件事。第三å�¥å€Ÿä»–人之å�£æŒ‡å‡ºè¿™ç§�情况频ç¹�å�‘生。å�Žä¸€å�¥æ˜¯è§£å†³åŠžæ³•ï¼šå›žåˆ°åŽŸæ�¥çš„地方。
  A的说法是在解释å�¥å¿˜çš„åŽŸå› ï¼Œå’Œå�Žä¸€æ®µç¬¬äºŒå�¥è¯�çš„æ„�æ€�一致,是æ£ç¡®çš„æŽ¨ç�†ã€‚
  环境是上文论述的内容,在å�Žä¸€æ®µæ¯«æ— ç�€è�½ï¼Œå› æ¤B的说法是错误的。
  �一段也没有�到“���的问题,C�以排除。
  Dçš„è¯´æ³•æœ‰ä¸€å®šè¿·æƒ‘æ€§ï¼Œå› ä¸ºå…¶å�Žå�Šå�¥åœ¨æ–‡ä¸ç›´æŽ¥æ��到过,而å‰�å�Šå�¥ä¹Ÿä¼¼ä¹Žå’ŒEveryone does this from time to time一å�¥å˜åœ¨è�”系(from time to time也有“总是â€�çš„æ„�æ€�)。这时è¦�注æ„�æ–‡ä¸çš„this到底指的是什么。å‰�文讲的是人们走进了房间å�´å¿˜è®°äº†åŽ»å�šä»€ä¹ˆï¼Œè€ŒåŽŸå› å¾ˆå�¯èƒ½æ˜¯åœ¨æƒ³å�¦å¤–一件事,那 么this指代的必然是å‰�文的这一内容,也就是“人们一次å�ˆä¸€æ¬¡åœ°åœ¨èµ°è¿›ä¸€ä¸ªæˆ¿é—´æ—¶è„‘å�里å�´æ€�考ç�€åˆ«çš„事情。â€�D所说的keep forgetting things过于笼统,实际上,我们从第四段能够推ç�†å‡ºçš„仅仅是“走入房间å�´å¿˜è®°åŽ»å�šä»€ä¹ˆâ€�这一ç§�情况å�¯ä»¥ç”¨â€œå›žåˆ°åŽŸæ�¥çš„地方â€�è¿™ç§�方法解决。D认为å�ªè¦�频ç¹�å�‘生å�¥å¿˜å°±è¦�回到原æ�¥çš„地方,显然是ä¸�对的。
  30. B
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®æœ¬ç¯‡æ–‡ç« ä¸»è¦�是关于什么的。
  A,记忆��衰退的过程。
  B,å�¥å¿˜çŽ°è±¡çš„åŽŸå› ã€‚
  C,环境对记忆的影�。
  D,一ç§�ç¼–ç �与回忆的方å¼�。
ã€€ã€€ç¯‡ç« åˆ†æž�å·²ç»�æ��到本文的大体结构,段æ��出å�¥å¿˜çš„问题并å�šäº†åˆ�æ¥åˆ†æž�,二三两段是对å�¥å¿˜åŽŸå› çš„åˆ†æž�,å�Žä¸¤æ®µå‘Šè¯‰äººä»¬ä¸€äº›å¯¹ä»˜å�¥å¿˜çš„办法。å�¯ä»¥è¯´æ–‡ç« 结 构相当完备,现象ã€�åŽŸå› ã€�解决办法都有涉å�Šã€‚Açš„è¯´æ³•åº”è¯¥å±žäºŽçŽ°è±¡ï¼Œä½†æ–‡ä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��到过å�¥å¿˜çŽ°è±¡æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªgradual(é€�æ¸�的)过程。å�¦å¤–ï¼ŒçŽ°è±¡åœ¨æ–‡ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¾®ä¸�è¶³é�“的部分,与题目所è¦�求的mainly aboutä¸�符。
  Bæ‰€è¯´çš„åŽŸå› æ˜¯ç¬¬äºŒä¸‰æ®µçš„å†…å®¹ï¼ˆæ®µæœ«ä¹Ÿæœ‰æ¶‰å�Šï¼‰ï¼Œä»ŽäºŒä¸‰æ®µçš„å—æ•°å’Œé‡�è¦�性æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œå�¯ä»¥è®¤ä¸ºæ˜¯æ–‡ç« 的主è¦�å†…å®¹ã€‚å½“ç„¶ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹å¦‚æžœèƒ½åŠ ä¸Šå�¥å¿˜çš„è§£å†³åŠžæ³•å°±æ›´åŠ å�ˆç�†äº†ã€‚
  Cå’ŒDè®²çš„éƒ½æ˜¯åŽŸå› ä¸çš„一个部分,ä¸�èƒ½çœ‹ä½œæ˜¯æ–‡ç« ä¸»è¦�内容。
  编辑推�:
  2011å¹´12月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
  2011å¹´6月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
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