历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2002-2004)
- 第1页:2002.1�Passageone
- 第2页:2002.1�PassageTwo
- 第3页:2002.1�PassageThree
- 第4页:2002.1�PassageFour
- 第5页:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6页:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9页:2003.1-Passage One
  Passage Four
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  “Opinion� is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,� and “Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,� are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.
  Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “What do you think of the new Ford cars?� And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.� In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, “It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.�
  But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.
  Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.
  Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.
  36. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?
  A) Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.
  B) Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.
  C) Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.
  D) Casual use of the word “opinion� often brings about quarrels.(A)
  37. According to the author, who of the following would be labored as intolerant?
  A) Someone who turns a deaf ear to others’ opinions.
  B) Someone who can’t put up with others’ tastes.
  C) Someone who values only their own opinions.
  D) Someone whose opinion harms other people.(B)
  38. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.
  A) it is foolish to criticize a famous brand
  B) one should not always agree to others’ opinions
  C) personal tastes are not something to be challenged
  D) it is unwise to express one’s likes and dislikes in public(C)
  39. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.
  A) it is stated by judges in the court
  B) it reflects public like and dislikes
  C) it is a result of a lot of controversy
  D) it is based on careful thought(D)
  40. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one’s opinion ________.
  A) means that one can ignore other people’s criticism
  B) means that one can impose his preferences on others
  C) doesn’t mean that one has the right to do things at will
  D) doesn’t mean that one has the right to charge others without evidence(C)
  这篇æ��料讲的是“观点â€�,虽然有五段之多,但主è¦�论述的内容实际上å�ªæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªï¼šè§‚ç‚¹åˆ°åº•æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚æ–‡ç« çš„ç»“æž„æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„ï¼Œå¼€å¤´æ��å‡ºå‡ ä¸ªè§‚ç‚¹ï¼Œå¦‚äººäººéƒ½æœ‰æ�ƒè¡¨è¾¾è‡ªå·±çš„观点(Everyone’s entitled to his opinion),挑战别人观点的人总是被贴上å��ç‹çš„æ ‡ç¾ï¼ˆanyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant)。注æ„�,intolerantä¸�æ˜¯æ— æ³•å¿�å�—çš„æ„�æ€�,而是“ä¸�容异己ã€�å��执â€�ç‰æ„�æ€�ï¼Œâ€œæ— æ³•å¿�å�—çš„â€�应是intolerable。而å�Žï¼Œä½œè€…æŒ‡å‡ºè¿™äº›è§‚ç‚¹çš„å¯¹é”™å¿…é¡»æ ¹æ�®è§‚点的定义æ�¥åˆ¤æ–(depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind),从而为论述观点的ä¸�å�Œå®šä¹‰å�šå¥½å‡†å¤‡ã€‚
  第二段论述了观点的个定义:一ç§�个人å��好(by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste)。作者以æŸ�人对新车的评论为例,指出,挑战这类观点ä¸�但是å��ç‹çš„(intolerantï¼‰ï¼Œè€Œä¸”æ˜¯æ„šè ¢è¡Œä¸ºã€‚
  接下æ�¥æ˜¯å�¦å¤–一个例å�,法院将其“观点â€�递交给一个争议ä¸�休的案å�(Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case)。这个例å�ä¸çš„观点体现的ä¸�å†�是个人的å��好(their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes),而是对一ç§�ç»�过深æ€�熟虑之å�Žçš„判æ–çš„ä¼ è¾¾ï¼ˆthey stated their considered judgment)。这是观点的第二个定义。
  这两个定义回ç”了“挑战别人观点的人总是被贴上å��ç‹çš„æ ‡ç¾â€�的对错问题。
  �,作者�论述了观点的第三�定义。作者把上述两�定义视为观点的两��端(two extremes),而大多数观点处于这二者之间,既�是个人�好,也�是深�熟虑过的结论(It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment),而是��了这两方�的内容。
  这一定义回应了“人人都有�表达自己的观点�这一说法。作者在�一段指出这�说法�仅是被�许的,而且是�到�护的,��其观点�伤害到别人(so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others)。
  36. A
ã€€ã€€æœ¬é¢˜é—®æ ¹æ�®ä½œè€…的说法,下列å�™è¿°ä¸å“ªä¸€é¡¹æ˜¯æ£ç¡®çš„。
  这é�“题看似涉å�Šé�¢è¾ƒå¹¿ï¼Œä½†ä¾�ç…§å››å…çº§é˜…è¯»é¢˜çš„è§„å¾‹ï¼Œè¿˜æ˜¯åº”è¯¥é¦–å…ˆä»Žæ®µå¯»æ‰¾ç”æ¡ˆã€‚
  第 一å�¥é¦–先指出观点一è¯�在当今被人们éš�æ„�地使用ç�€ï¼Œè€Œå�Žæ˜¯å¯¹è§‚点的大体定义。第三å�¥æŒ‡å‡ºå¦‚果人们ä¸�把观点赋予太é‡�大的æ„�义,那么这ç§�éš�æ„�使用的现象也ä¸�会引 起多少混乱。第四å�¥è¯�锋一转,称事实æ�°æ�°ç›¸å��,大多数人给观点赋予了é‡�è¦�çš„æ„�义。而å�Žæ˜¯ä¸€äº›äººä»¬ç»™è§‚点赋予é‡�è¦�æ„�义的例å�。
  A,æ¯�个人都有æ�ƒæŒ�有自己的观点。这一说法æ�¥è‡ªäºŽI have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,二者æ„�æ€�ä¸€æ ·ã€‚åœ¨å�Žä¸€æ®µä½œè€…也æ��出æŒ�有观点的æ�ƒåˆ©æ˜¯å�—到ä¿�障的。应该选A。
  B,观点的自由表达ç»�常会导致混乱。This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it。 å‰�一å�¥æ˜¯è¯´å¦‚果人们ä¸�把观点赋予太é‡�大的æ„�义,那么这ç§�éš�æ„�使用的现象也ä¸�会引起多少混乱,ç‰äºŽâ€œå¦‚果人们把观点赋予é‡�大æ„�义,则éš�æ„�使用现象就会引起混 乱。而å�Žä¸€å�¥è¯´å¤§å¤šæ•°äººç»™è§‚点赋予了é‡�è¦�çš„æ„�义,ç‰äºŽæ˜¯è¯´è§‚点的éš�æ„�使用会ç»�常引起混乱。ä¸�过,è¦�注æ„�çš„æ˜¯æ–‡ä¸æ‰€è¯´çš„引起混乱的是对opinion一è¯�çš„éš�æ„�使用,而ä¸�是B所说的观点的自由表达。
  C,大多数人的观点往往并é�žæ·±æ€�熟虑而æˆ�ã€‚æ ¹æ�®ä¸Šé�¢å¯¹B的分æž�å�¯çŸ¥ï¼Œæ–‡ä¸çš„careless指的是对观点一è¯�的使用,而ä¸�是观点的形æˆ�。
  D,对观点一�的��使用往往会引�争�。Fusion(混乱)并�是quarrel(�架)。
  37. B
  这é�“é¢˜é—®çš„æ˜¯æ ¹æ�®ä½œè€…的说法,下列哪一ç§�人会被称为intolerant(ä¸�容异己的)?
  A,对别人的观点置若罔闻的人。
  Bï¼Œå¯¹åˆ«äººçš„å–œå¥½æ— æ³•å®¹å¿�的人。
  C,�认为自己的观点有价值的人。
  D,自己的观点伤害到别人的人。
  题目ä¸çš„关键è¯�是intolerantå’Œlabelï¼Œå› ä¸ºæ˜¯ç¬¬äºŒé¢˜ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥åº”è¯¥åŽ»æ®µå�Žå�Šéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼ˆå› 段较长,出两题å�¯èƒ½æ€§æ˜¯æœ‰çš„)和第二段寻找这两个关键è¯�。
  段å�Žä¸€å�¥è¯�anyone who would challengeanother’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerantä¸å‡ºçŽ°äº†intolerant一è¯�,而brandçš„è¯�æ„�å’Œlabelæ˜¯ä¸€æ ·çš„ï¼Œç”±æ¤åˆ¤æ–è¿™å�¥è¯�å�¯èƒ½ä¸ºæˆ‘ä»¬å¯»æ‰¾ç”æ¡ˆå¸¦æ�¥å¸®åŠ©ã€‚å�¥æ„�是:任何挑战他人观点的人都很å�¯èƒ½è¢«å† 以intolerant。这å�¥è¯�è¯´æ³•è¾ƒä¸ºç©ºæ³›ï¼Œæš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ä¾�é� è¿™å�¥è¯�å�šå‡ºå‡†ç¡®åˆ¤æ–,需è¦�ç»§ç»æ�œç´¢ç¬¬äºŒæ®µçš„内容。
  å�¯ä»¥å�‘现第二段开头å‰�两å�¥å‡ºçŽ°äº†labelå’Œintolerant,但作者使用的是疑问å�¥ï¼Œä»Žç–‘é—®å�¥ä¸æ˜¯æ— æ³•æ‰¾å‡ºç”æ¡ˆçš„,需è¦�å�‘å�Žçœ‹ã€‚ä¸�过å�Žé�¢ä¸€å�¥ç»™å‡ºçš„说法å�´æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªäººæ˜¯å�¦intolerant还è¦�看观点的定义,从这å�¥è¯�ä¾�ç„¶æ— æ³•å�šå‡ºåˆ¤æ–。éš�å�Žä½œè€…举出了一个例å�,并å�šå‡ºç»“论:it would not only be intolerantto challenge his statement, but foolish。作者的æ„�æ€�是说挑战这一说法(也就是they’re ugly)ä¸�仅是intolerantï¼Œç”šè‡³æ˜¯æ„šè ¢çš„ã€‚åŽŸå› å°±æ˜¯è¿™ç§�æ‰€è°“çš„è§‚ç‚¹ä»…ä»…æ˜¯ä¸ªäººå–œå¥½è€Œå·²ï¼Œæ— æ³•å®¹å¿�别人的喜好å��爱,显然是心胸ç‹éš˜çš„表现。这与B的说法一致。
  38. C
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®æ–‡ç« ä¸çš„æ–°ç¦�特车作为例å�是è¦�æ�¥è¡¨æ˜Žä»€ä¹ˆé—®é¢˜ã€‚
  A,批评一个著å��å“�ç‰Œæ˜¯æ„šè ¢çš„ã€‚
  B,一个人�应总是顺从他人的观点。
  C,�应挑战个人喜好。
  D,公开表达自己的喜�是�明智的。
  这é�“题的关键信æ�¯é�žå¸¸æ˜Žæ˜¾ï¼Œå�³ç¦�特汽车。在第二段æ��述完ç¦�特汽车的例å�以å�Žï¼Œä½œè€…å�šäº†ç®€çŸçš„评述:it would not only be intolerantto challenge his statement, but foolish。这里的statement指的是å‰�文认为ç¦�特车很丑陋的一å�¥è¯�:they’re ugly。这å�¥è¯�显然是个人喜好,评述ä¸è¯´æŒ‘战这一statementæ˜¯æ„šè ¢çš„ï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯è¯´æŒ‘æˆ˜ä¸ªäººå–œå¥½æ˜¯æ„šè ¢çš„ã€‚C的说法与æ¤ä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  39. D
  题目问Considered judgment(ç»�过深æ€�熟虑å�Žå�šå‡ºçš„判æ–)与个人å��好有所ä¸�å�Œï¼Œæ˜¯å› 为……
  A,它是由法官在法åºå®£å¸ƒçš„。
  B,它å��æ˜ äº†å…¬ä¼—å–œæ�¶ã€‚
  C,它是大�论战�的结果。
  D,它基于缜密的�考。
  题目ä¸çš„关键信æ�¯æ˜¯Considered judgment,鉴于第二段在上一题已ç»�考查过,å�¯ä»¥ç›´æŽ¥åˆ°ç¬¬ä¸‰æ®µå¯»æ‰¾Consideredjudgment。å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºå››ä¸ªé¢˜æ”¯çš„说法都与第三段有关,而Considered judgment也出现在了å�Žä¸€å�¥è¯�ä¸â€”—they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived atafter thorough inquiry and deliberation。å�Žå�Šå�¥å®žé™…上是judgmentçš„é�žé™�制性定è¯ä»Žå�¥ï¼Œå�ªä¸�过çœ�略了whichå’Œbe动è¯�。Arrive at是作出(决定)的æ„�æ€�,指作出considered judgment这一判æ–。After thorough inquiry anddeliberation是“ç»�è¿‡äº†å‘¨å¯†ç»†è‡´çš„è°ƒæŸ¥å’Œç ”ç©¶ä¹‹å�Žâ€�,说明judgement是ç»�è¿‡äº†å‘¨å¯†ç»†è‡´çš„è°ƒæŸ¥å’Œç ”ç©¶æ‰�得出的。这一点和D的说法一致。
  Aå’ŒB的说法在第三段å�¥ä¸éƒ½æœ‰æ��到,但把细致的判æ–å½’å› äºŽæ³•åºå’Œæ³•官显然是ä¸�对的。而controversial一è¯�也仅是指案å�引起了大é‡�çš„äº‰è®®ï¼Œè¿™äº›äº‰è®®å’Œæ³•å®˜çš„åˆ¤å†³æ²¡æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥å…³ç³»ã€‚å› æ¤AB都是错误的。
  从Obviously the justices did not sharetheir personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes一å�¥å�¯ä»¥äº†è§£åˆ°ï¼Œæ³•å®˜ä»¬çš„åˆ¤æ–æ²¡æœ‰å�—到个人喜æ�¶çš„å½±å“�(did notshare their mere likes and dislikes)。Cå�¯ä»¥æŽ’除。
  40. C
  这é�“é¢˜é—®æ ¹æ�®æ–‡ä¸æš—示,按照自己的观点自由行事如何如何。
  A,�味��以忽视别人的批评。
  B,æ„�味ç�€å�¯ä»¥æŠŠè‡ªå·±çš„å��å¥½å¼ºåŠ ç»™åˆ«äººã€‚
  C,并��味�一个人有����照自己的�志行事。
  D,并ä¸�æ„�味ç�€ä¸€ä¸ªäººæœ‰æ�ƒåœ¨æ¯«æ— è¯�æ�®çš„æƒ…况下控告别人。
  题目给出的关键è¯�是act on one’s opinion,而四个选项ä¸ä¹Ÿæ˜¾çŽ°ä¸€ä¸ªå…³é”®ä¿¡æ�¯right。å�¯ä»¥åœ¨æ–‡ä¸å�Žä¸¤æ®µå¯»æ‰¾è¿™äºŒä¸ªå…³é”®ç‚¹ã€‚
ã€€ã€€å€’æ•°ç¬¬äºŒæ®µä¸æ²¡æœ‰ç›¸å…³ä¿¡æ�¯ï¼Œå�Žä¸€æ®µå‡ºçŽ°äº†entitledå’Œguaranteed两个è¯�,它们都与æ�ƒåˆ©æœ‰å…³ï¼Œä¸Žright相对应。而å�Žè¿˜ç›´æŽ¥å‡ºçŽ°äº†free to act on our opinions这个关键信æ�¯ï¼Œå�¯ä»¥è‚¯å®šç”æ¡ˆå°±åœ¨æœ¬æ®µï¼Œæ— é¡»åœ¨å€’æ•°ç¬¬äºŒæ®µä¸Šè€—è´¹è¿‡å¤šç²¾åŠ›ã€‚
  å�Žä¸€æ®µçš„å‰�两å�¥è¯�一问一ç”,澄清了一个问题,也就是我们有æ�ƒåˆ©åŽ»æŒ‰ç…§è‡ªå·±çš„è§‚ç‚¹è¡Œäº‹ã€‚å�Žä¸€å�¥è¯�为这一æ�ƒåˆ©è®¾ç½®äº†ä¸€ä¸ªæ�¡ä»¶ï¼šwe do not harm others,ä¸�能伤害到别人。综å�ˆèµ·æ�¥çš„æ„�æ€�就是,我们实际上ä¸�能éš�æ„�按照自己的观点行事,除é�žåœ¨ä¸�伤害到别人的å‰�æ��下。观察四个选项,C的说法与æ¤ä¸ºæŽ¥è¿‘。
  D所说的控告在�一段没有�到过,�以排除。
  A和D的说法都和“�能伤害到别人�这一��相�背,也是错误的。
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  “Opinion� is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,� and “Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,� are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.
  Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “What do you think of the new Ford cars?� And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.� In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, “It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.�
  But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.
  Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.
  Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.
  36. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?
  A) Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.
  B) Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.
  C) Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.
  D) Casual use of the word “opinion� often brings about quarrels.(A)
  37. According to the author, who of the following would be labored as intolerant?
  A) Someone who turns a deaf ear to others’ opinions.
  B) Someone who can’t put up with others’ tastes.
  C) Someone who values only their own opinions.
  D) Someone whose opinion harms other people.(B)
  38. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.
  A) it is foolish to criticize a famous brand
  B) one should not always agree to others’ opinions
  C) personal tastes are not something to be challenged
  D) it is unwise to express one’s likes and dislikes in public(C)
  39. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.
  A) it is stated by judges in the court
  B) it reflects public like and dislikes
  C) it is a result of a lot of controversy
  D) it is based on careful thought(D)
  40. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one’s opinion ________.
  A) means that one can ignore other people’s criticism
  B) means that one can impose his preferences on others
  C) doesn’t mean that one has the right to do things at will
  D) doesn’t mean that one has the right to charge others without evidence(C)
  这篇æ��料讲的是“观点â€�,虽然有五段之多,但主è¦�论述的内容实际上å�ªæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªï¼šè§‚ç‚¹åˆ°åº•æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆã€‚æ–‡ç« çš„ç»“æž„æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„ï¼Œå¼€å¤´æ��å‡ºå‡ ä¸ªè§‚ç‚¹ï¼Œå¦‚äººäººéƒ½æœ‰æ�ƒè¡¨è¾¾è‡ªå·±çš„观点(Everyone’s entitled to his opinion),挑战别人观点的人总是被贴上å��ç‹çš„æ ‡ç¾ï¼ˆanyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant)。注æ„�,intolerantä¸�æ˜¯æ— æ³•å¿�å�—çš„æ„�æ€�,而是“ä¸�容异己ã€�å��执â€�ç‰æ„�æ€�ï¼Œâ€œæ— æ³•å¿�å�—çš„â€�应是intolerable。而å�Žï¼Œä½œè€…æŒ‡å‡ºè¿™äº›è§‚ç‚¹çš„å¯¹é”™å¿…é¡»æ ¹æ�®è§‚点的定义æ�¥åˆ¤æ–(depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind),从而为论述观点的ä¸�å�Œå®šä¹‰å�šå¥½å‡†å¤‡ã€‚
  第二段论述了观点的个定义:一ç§�个人å��好(by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste)。作者以æŸ�人对新车的评论为例,指出,挑战这类观点ä¸�但是å��ç‹çš„(intolerantï¼‰ï¼Œè€Œä¸”æ˜¯æ„šè ¢è¡Œä¸ºã€‚
  接下æ�¥æ˜¯å�¦å¤–一个例å�,法院将其“观点â€�递交给一个争议ä¸�休的案å�(Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case)。这个例å�ä¸çš„观点体现的ä¸�å†�是个人的å��好(their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes),而是对一ç§�ç»�过深æ€�熟虑之å�Žçš„判æ–çš„ä¼ è¾¾ï¼ˆthey stated their considered judgment)。这是观点的第二个定义。
  这两个定义回ç”了“挑战别人观点的人总是被贴上å��ç‹çš„æ ‡ç¾â€�的对错问题。
  �,作者�论述了观点的第三�定义。作者把上述两�定义视为观点的两��端(two extremes),而大多数观点处于这二者之间,既�是个人�好,也�是深�熟虑过的结论(It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment),而是��了这两方�的内容。
  这一定义回应了“人人都有�表达自己的观点�这一说法。作者在�一段指出这�说法�仅是被�许的,而且是�到�护的,��其观点�伤害到别人(so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others)。
  36. A
ã€€ã€€æœ¬é¢˜é—®æ ¹æ�®ä½œè€…的说法,下列å�™è¿°ä¸å“ªä¸€é¡¹æ˜¯æ£ç¡®çš„。
  这é�“题看似涉å�Šé�¢è¾ƒå¹¿ï¼Œä½†ä¾�ç…§å››å…çº§é˜…è¯»é¢˜çš„è§„å¾‹ï¼Œè¿˜æ˜¯åº”è¯¥é¦–å…ˆä»Žæ®µå¯»æ‰¾ç”æ¡ˆã€‚
  第 一å�¥é¦–先指出观点一è¯�在当今被人们éš�æ„�地使用ç�€ï¼Œè€Œå�Žæ˜¯å¯¹è§‚点的大体定义。第三å�¥æŒ‡å‡ºå¦‚果人们ä¸�把观点赋予太é‡�大的æ„�义,那么这ç§�éš�æ„�使用的现象也ä¸�会引 起多少混乱。第四å�¥è¯�锋一转,称事实æ�°æ�°ç›¸å��,大多数人给观点赋予了é‡�è¦�çš„æ„�义。而å�Žæ˜¯ä¸€äº›äººä»¬ç»™è§‚点赋予é‡�è¦�æ„�义的例å�。
  A,æ¯�个人都有æ�ƒæŒ�有自己的观点。这一说法æ�¥è‡ªäºŽI have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,二者æ„�æ€�ä¸€æ ·ã€‚åœ¨å�Žä¸€æ®µä½œè€…也æ��出æŒ�有观点的æ�ƒåˆ©æ˜¯å�—到ä¿�障的。应该选A。
  B,观点的自由表达ç»�常会导致混乱。This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it。 å‰�一å�¥æ˜¯è¯´å¦‚果人们ä¸�把观点赋予太é‡�大的æ„�义,那么这ç§�éš�æ„�使用的现象也ä¸�会引起多少混乱,ç‰äºŽâ€œå¦‚果人们把观点赋予é‡�大æ„�义,则éš�æ„�使用现象就会引起混 乱。而å�Žä¸€å�¥è¯´å¤§å¤šæ•°äººç»™è§‚点赋予了é‡�è¦�çš„æ„�义,ç‰äºŽæ˜¯è¯´è§‚点的éš�æ„�使用会ç»�常引起混乱。ä¸�过,è¦�注æ„�çš„æ˜¯æ–‡ä¸æ‰€è¯´çš„引起混乱的是对opinion一è¯�çš„éš�æ„�使用,而ä¸�是B所说的观点的自由表达。
  C,大多数人的观点往往并é�žæ·±æ€�熟虑而æˆ�ã€‚æ ¹æ�®ä¸Šé�¢å¯¹B的分æž�å�¯çŸ¥ï¼Œæ–‡ä¸çš„careless指的是对观点一è¯�的使用,而ä¸�是观点的形æˆ�。
  D,对观点一�的��使用往往会引�争�。Fusion(混乱)并�是quarrel(�架)。
  37. B
  这é�“é¢˜é—®çš„æ˜¯æ ¹æ�®ä½œè€…的说法,下列哪一ç§�人会被称为intolerant(ä¸�容异己的)?
  A,对别人的观点置若罔闻的人。
  Bï¼Œå¯¹åˆ«äººçš„å–œå¥½æ— æ³•å®¹å¿�的人。
  C,�认为自己的观点有价值的人。
  D,自己的观点伤害到别人的人。
  题目ä¸çš„关键è¯�是intolerantå’Œlabelï¼Œå› ä¸ºæ˜¯ç¬¬äºŒé¢˜ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥åº”è¯¥åŽ»æ®µå�Žå�Šéƒ¨åˆ†ï¼ˆå› 段较长,出两题å�¯èƒ½æ€§æ˜¯æœ‰çš„)和第二段寻找这两个关键è¯�。
  段å�Žä¸€å�¥è¯�anyone who would challengeanother’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerantä¸å‡ºçŽ°äº†intolerant一è¯�,而brandçš„è¯�æ„�å’Œlabelæ˜¯ä¸€æ ·çš„ï¼Œç”±æ¤åˆ¤æ–è¿™å�¥è¯�å�¯èƒ½ä¸ºæˆ‘ä»¬å¯»æ‰¾ç”æ¡ˆå¸¦æ�¥å¸®åŠ©ã€‚å�¥æ„�是:任何挑战他人观点的人都很å�¯èƒ½è¢«å† 以intolerant。这å�¥è¯�è¯´æ³•è¾ƒä¸ºç©ºæ³›ï¼Œæš‚æ—¶æ— æ³•ä¾�é� è¿™å�¥è¯�å�šå‡ºå‡†ç¡®åˆ¤æ–,需è¦�ç»§ç»æ�œç´¢ç¬¬äºŒæ®µçš„内容。
  å�¯ä»¥å�‘现第二段开头å‰�两å�¥å‡ºçŽ°äº†labelå’Œintolerant,但作者使用的是疑问å�¥ï¼Œä»Žç–‘é—®å�¥ä¸æ˜¯æ— æ³•æ‰¾å‡ºç”æ¡ˆçš„,需è¦�å�‘å�Žçœ‹ã€‚ä¸�过å�Žé�¢ä¸€å�¥ç»™å‡ºçš„说法å�´æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªäººæ˜¯å�¦intolerant还è¦�看观点的定义,从这å�¥è¯�ä¾�ç„¶æ— æ³•å�šå‡ºåˆ¤æ–。éš�å�Žä½œè€…举出了一个例å�,并å�šå‡ºç»“论:it would not only be intolerantto challenge his statement, but foolish。作者的æ„�æ€�是说挑战这一说法(也就是they’re ugly)ä¸�仅是intolerantï¼Œç”šè‡³æ˜¯æ„šè ¢çš„ã€‚åŽŸå› å°±æ˜¯è¿™ç§�æ‰€è°“çš„è§‚ç‚¹ä»…ä»…æ˜¯ä¸ªäººå–œå¥½è€Œå·²ï¼Œæ— æ³•å®¹å¿�别人的喜好å��爱,显然是心胸ç‹éš˜çš„表现。这与B的说法一致。
  38. C
ã€€ã€€é¢˜ç›®é—®æ–‡ç« ä¸çš„æ–°ç¦�特车作为例å�是è¦�æ�¥è¡¨æ˜Žä»€ä¹ˆé—®é¢˜ã€‚
  A,批评一个著å��å“�ç‰Œæ˜¯æ„šè ¢çš„ã€‚
  B,一个人�应总是顺从他人的观点。
  C,�应挑战个人喜好。
  D,公开表达自己的喜�是�明智的。
  这é�“题的关键信æ�¯é�žå¸¸æ˜Žæ˜¾ï¼Œå�³ç¦�特汽车。在第二段æ��述完ç¦�特汽车的例å�以å�Žï¼Œä½œè€…å�šäº†ç®€çŸçš„评述:it would not only be intolerantto challenge his statement, but foolish。这里的statement指的是å‰�文认为ç¦�特车很丑陋的一å�¥è¯�:they’re ugly。这å�¥è¯�显然是个人喜好,评述ä¸è¯´æŒ‘战这一statementæ˜¯æ„šè ¢çš„ï¼Œä¹Ÿå°±æ˜¯è¯´æŒ‘æˆ˜ä¸ªäººå–œå¥½æ˜¯æ„šè ¢çš„ã€‚C的说法与æ¤ä¸€è‡´ã€‚
  39. D
  题目问Considered judgment(ç»�过深æ€�熟虑å�Žå�šå‡ºçš„判æ–)与个人å��好有所ä¸�å�Œï¼Œæ˜¯å› 为……
  A,它是由法官在法åºå®£å¸ƒçš„。
  B,它å��æ˜ äº†å…¬ä¼—å–œæ�¶ã€‚
  C,它是大�论战�的结果。
  D,它基于缜密的�考。
  题目ä¸çš„关键信æ�¯æ˜¯Considered judgment,鉴于第二段在上一题已ç»�考查过,å�¯ä»¥ç›´æŽ¥åˆ°ç¬¬ä¸‰æ®µå¯»æ‰¾Consideredjudgment。å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºå››ä¸ªé¢˜æ”¯çš„说法都与第三段有关,而Considered judgment也出现在了å�Žä¸€å�¥è¯�ä¸â€”—they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived atafter thorough inquiry and deliberation。å�Žå�Šå�¥å®žé™…上是judgmentçš„é�žé™�制性定è¯ä»Žå�¥ï¼Œå�ªä¸�过çœ�略了whichå’Œbe动è¯�。Arrive at是作出(决定)的æ„�æ€�,指作出considered judgment这一判æ–。After thorough inquiry anddeliberation是“ç»�è¿‡äº†å‘¨å¯†ç»†è‡´çš„è°ƒæŸ¥å’Œç ”ç©¶ä¹‹å�Žâ€�,说明judgement是ç»�è¿‡äº†å‘¨å¯†ç»†è‡´çš„è°ƒæŸ¥å’Œç ”ç©¶æ‰�得出的。这一点和D的说法一致。
  Aå’ŒB的说法在第三段å�¥ä¸éƒ½æœ‰æ��到,但把细致的判æ–å½’å› äºŽæ³•åºå’Œæ³•官显然是ä¸�对的。而controversial一è¯�也仅是指案å�引起了大é‡�çš„äº‰è®®ï¼Œè¿™äº›äº‰è®®å’Œæ³•å®˜çš„åˆ¤å†³æ²¡æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥å…³ç³»ã€‚å› æ¤AB都是错误的。
  从Obviously the justices did not sharetheir personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes一å�¥å�¯ä»¥äº†è§£åˆ°ï¼Œæ³•å®˜ä»¬çš„åˆ¤æ–æ²¡æœ‰å�—到个人喜æ�¶çš„å½±å“�(did notshare their mere likes and dislikes)。Cå�¯ä»¥æŽ’除。
  40. C
  这é�“é¢˜é—®æ ¹æ�®æ–‡ä¸æš—示,按照自己的观点自由行事如何如何。
  A,�味��以忽视别人的批评。
  B,æ„�味ç�€å�¯ä»¥æŠŠè‡ªå·±çš„å��å¥½å¼ºåŠ ç»™åˆ«äººã€‚
  C,并��味�一个人有����照自己的�志行事。
  D,并ä¸�æ„�味ç�€ä¸€ä¸ªäººæœ‰æ�ƒåœ¨æ¯«æ— è¯�æ�®çš„æƒ…况下控告别人。
  题目给出的关键è¯�是act on one’s opinion,而四个选项ä¸ä¹Ÿæ˜¾çŽ°ä¸€ä¸ªå…³é”®ä¿¡æ�¯right。å�¯ä»¥åœ¨æ–‡ä¸å�Žä¸¤æ®µå¯»æ‰¾è¿™äºŒä¸ªå…³é”®ç‚¹ã€‚
ã€€ã€€å€’æ•°ç¬¬äºŒæ®µä¸æ²¡æœ‰ç›¸å…³ä¿¡æ�¯ï¼Œå�Žä¸€æ®µå‡ºçŽ°äº†entitledå’Œguaranteed两个è¯�,它们都与æ�ƒåˆ©æœ‰å…³ï¼Œä¸Žright相对应。而å�Žè¿˜ç›´æŽ¥å‡ºçŽ°äº†free to act on our opinions这个关键信æ�¯ï¼Œå�¯ä»¥è‚¯å®šç”æ¡ˆå°±åœ¨æœ¬æ®µï¼Œæ— é¡»åœ¨å€’æ•°ç¬¬äºŒæ®µä¸Šè€—è´¹è¿‡å¤šç²¾åŠ›ã€‚
  å�Žä¸€æ®µçš„å‰�两å�¥è¯�一问一ç”,澄清了一个问题,也就是我们有æ�ƒåˆ©åŽ»æŒ‰ç…§è‡ªå·±çš„è§‚ç‚¹è¡Œäº‹ã€‚å�Žä¸€å�¥è¯�为这一æ�ƒåˆ©è®¾ç½®äº†ä¸€ä¸ªæ�¡ä»¶ï¼šwe do not harm others,ä¸�能伤害到别人。综å�ˆèµ·æ�¥çš„æ„�æ€�就是,我们实际上ä¸�能éš�æ„�按照自己的观点行事,除é�žåœ¨ä¸�伤害到别人的å‰�æ��下。观察四个选项,C的说法与æ¤ä¸ºæŽ¥è¿‘。
  D所说的控告在�一段没有�到过,�以排除。
  A和D的说法都和“�能伤害到别人�这一��相�背,也是错误的。
  编辑推�:
  2011å¹´12月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
  2011å¹´6月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
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