233ÍøÐ£- Ó¢ÓïËļ¶Ó¢ÓïËļ¶

±¨¿¼
您现在的ä½�置:233网校 >> 英语四级考试 >> 阅读 >> 阅读真题 >> æ–‡ç« å†…容

历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  Passage Four
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  “Opinion� is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,� and “Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,� are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.
  Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “What do you think of the new Ford cars?� And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.� In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For it’s obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, “It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.�
  But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not shale their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.
  Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.
  Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.
  36. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the author?
  A) Everyone has a right to hold his own opinion.
  B) Free expression of opinions often leads to confusion.
  C) Most people tend to be careless in forming their opinions.
  D) Casual use of the word “opinion� often brings about quarrels.(A)
  37. According to the author, who of the following would be labored as intolerant?
  A) Someone who turns a deaf ear to others’ opinions.
  B) Someone who can’t put up with others’ tastes.
  C) Someone who values only their own opinions.
  D) Someone whose opinion harms other people.(B)
  38. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that ________.
  A) it is foolish to criticize a famous brand
  B) one should not always agree to others’ opinions
  C) personal tastes are not something to be challenged
  D) it is unwise to express one’s likes and dislikes in public(C)
  39. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that ________.
  A) it is stated by judges in the court
  B) it reflects public like and dislikes
  C) it is a result of a lot of controversy
  D) it is based on careful thought(D)
  40. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on one’s opinion ________.
  A) means that one can ignore other people’s criticism
  B) means that one can impose his preferences on others
  C) doesn’t mean that one has the right to do things at will
  D) doesn’t mean that one has the right to charge others without evidence(C)
  这篇�料讲的是“观点�,虽然有五段之多,但主�论述的内容实际上�有一个:观点到底是什么。文章的结构是这样的,开头�出几个观点,如人人都有�表达自己的观点(Everyone’s entitled to his opinion),挑战别人观点的人总是被贴上�狭的标签(anyone who would challenge another’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant)。注�,intolerant�是无法��的��,而是“�容异己��执�等��,“无法��的�应是intolerable。而�,作者指出这些观点的对错必须根�观点的定义�判断(depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind),从而为论述观点的��定义�好准备。
  第二段论述了观点的个定义:一�个人�好(by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste)。作者以�人对新车的评论为例,指出,挑战这类观点�但是�狭的(intolerant),而且是愚蠢行为。
  接下�是�外一个例�,法院将其“观点�递交给一个争议�休的案�(Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case)。这个例�中的观点体现的��是个人的�好(their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes),而是对一��过深�熟虑之�的判断的传达(they stated their considered judgment)。这是观点的第二个定义。
  这两个定义回答了“挑战别人观点的人总是被贴上�狭的标签�的对错问题。
  �,作者�论述了观点的第三�定义。作者把上述两�定义视为观点的两��端(two extremes),而大多数观点处于这二者之间,既�是个人�好,也�是深�熟虑过的结论(It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment),而是��了这两方�的内容。
  这一定义回应了“人人都有�表达自己的观点�这一说法。作者在�一段指出这�说法�仅是被�许的,而且是�到�护的,��其观点�伤害到别人(so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others)。
  36. A
  本题问根�作者的说法,下列�述中哪一项是正确的。
  这�题看似涉��较广,但�照四六级阅读题的规律,还是应该首先从段寻找答案。
  第 一�首先指出观点一�在当今被人们��地使用�,而�是对观点的大体定义。第三�指出如果人们�把观点赋予太�大的�义,那么这���使用的现象也�会引 起多少混乱。第四��锋一转,称事实��相�,大多数人给观点赋予了��的�义。而�是一些人们给观点赋予���义的例�。
  A,�个人都有��有自己的观点。这一说法�自于I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,二者��一样。在�一段作者也�出�有观点的�利是�到�障的。应该选A。
  B,观点的自由表达�常会导致混乱。This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most to attach great importance to it。 �一�是说如果人们�把观点赋予太�大的�义,那么这���使用的现象也�会引起多少混乱,等于“如果人们把观点赋予�大�义,则��使用现象就会引起混 乱。而�一�说大多数人给观点赋予了��的�义,等于是说观点的��使用会�常引起混乱。�过,�注�的是文中所说的引起混乱的是对opinion一�的��使用,而�是B所说的观点的自由表达。
  C,大多数人的观点往往并�深�熟虑而�。根�上�对B的分��知,文中的careless指的是对观点一�的使用,而�是观点的形�。
  D,对观点一�的��使用往往会引�争�。Fusion(混乱)并�是quarrel(�架)。
  37. B
  这�题问的是根�作者的说法,下列哪一�人会被称为intolerant(�容异己的)?
  A,对别人的观点置若罔闻的人。
  B,对别人的喜好无法容�的人。
  C,�认为自己的观点有价值的人。
  D,自己的观点伤害到别人的人。
  题目中的关键�是intolerant和label,因为是第二题,所以应该去段��部分(因段较长,出两题�能性是有的)和第二段寻找这两个关键�。
  段�一��anyone who would challengeanother’s opinion is likely to be branded intolerant中出现了intolerant一�,而brand的��和label是一样的,由此判断这���能为我们寻找答案带�帮助。��是:任何挑战他人观点的人都很�能被冠以intolerant。这��说法较为空泛,暂时无法��这���出准确判断,需�继续�索第二段的内容。
  �以�现第二段开头�两�出现了label和intolerant,但作者使用的是疑问�,从疑问�中是无法找出答案的,需���看。�过��一�给出的说法�是一个人是�intolerant还�看观点的定义,从这���然无法�出判断。��作者举出了一个例�,并�出结论:it would not only be intolerantto challenge his statement, but foolish。作者的��是说挑战这一说法(也就是they’re ugly)�仅是intolerant,甚至是愚蠢的。原因就是这�所谓的观点仅仅是个人喜好而已,无法容�别人的喜好�爱,显然是心胸狭隘的表现。这与B的说法一致。
  38. C
  题目问文章中的新�特车作为例�是��表明什么问题。
  A,批评一个著��牌是愚蠢的。
  B,一个人�应总是顺从他人的观点。
  C,�应挑战个人喜好。
  D,公开表达自己的喜�是�明智的。
  这�题的关键信��常明显,��特汽车。在第二段�述完�特汽车的例�以�,作者�了简短的评述:it would not only be intolerantto challenge his statement, but foolish。这里的statement指的是�文认为�特车很丑陋的一��:they’re ugly。这��显然是个人喜好,评述中说挑战这一statement是愚蠢的,也就是说挑战个人喜好是愚蠢的。C的说法与此一致。
  39. D
  题目问Considered judgment(�过深�熟虑��出的判断)与个人�好有所��,是因为……
  A,它是由法官在法庭宣布的。
  B,它�映了公众喜�。
  C,它是大�论战�的结果。
  D,它基于缜密的�考。
  题目中的关键信�是Considered judgment,鉴于第二段在上一题已�考查过,�以直接到第三段寻找Consideredjudgment。�以看出四个题支的说法都与第三段有关,而Considered judgment也出现在了�一��中——they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived atafter thorough inquiry and deliberation。���实际上是judgment的��制性定语从�,��过�略了which和be动�。Arrive at是作出(决定)的��,指作出considered judgment这一判断。After thorough inquiry anddeliberation是“�过了周密细致的调查和研究之��,说明judgement是�过了周密细致的调查和研究�得出的。这一点和D的说法一致。
  A和B的说法在第三段�中都有�到,但把细致的判断归因于法庭和法官显然是�对的。而controversial一�也仅是指案�引起了大�的争议,这些争议和法官的判决没有直接关系。因此AB都是错误的。
  从Obviously the justices did not sharetheir personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes一��以了解到,法官们的判断没有�到个人喜�的影�(did notshare their mere likes and dislikes)。C�以排除。
  40. C
  这�题问根�文中暗示,按照自己的观点自由行事如何如何。
  A,�味��以忽视别人的批评。
  B,�味��以把自己的�好强加给别人。
  C,并��味�一个人有����照自己的�志行事。
  D,并��味�一个人有�在毫无��的情况下控告别人。
  题目给出的关键�是act on one’s opinion,而四个选项中也显现一个关键信�right。�以在文中�两段寻找这二个关键点。
  倒数第二段中没有相关信�,�一段出现了entitled和guaranteed两个�,它们都与�利有关,与right相对应。而�还直接出现了free to act on our opinions这个关键信�,�以肯定答案就在本段,无须在倒数第二段上耗费过多精力。
  �一段的�两��一问一答,澄清了一个问题,也就是我们有�利去按照自己的观点行事。�一��为这一�利设置了一个�件:we do not harm others,�能伤害到别人。综�起�的��就是,我们实际上�能��按照自己的观点行事,除�在�伤害到别人的��下。观察四个选项,C的说法与此为接近。
  D所说的控告在�一段没有�到过,�以排除。
  A和D的说法都和“�能伤害到别人�这一��相�背,也是错误的。

  编辑推�:
  2011年12月英语四级阅读试题�答案汇总
  2011年6月英语四级阅读试题�答案汇总

责编:tanj  è¯„论  çº é”™

课程�费试�
¿Î³ÌרҵÃû³Æ ½²Ê¦ Ô­¼Û/ÓÅ»Ý¼Û Ãâ·ÑÌåÑé ±¨Ãû
¡¶´óѧӢÓïËļ¶¡·¾«Æ·°à£¨°üÀ¨Óï·¨¡¢´Ê»ã¡¢·­Ò룩 ¶¡Ñ©Ã÷ £¤100 / £¤100 ±¨Ãû
¡¶´óѧӢÓïËļ¶¡·¾«Æ·°à£¨ÔĶÁÀí½â£© ¶¡Ñ©Ã÷ £¤100 / £¤100 ±¨Ãû
¡¶´óѧӢÓïËļ¶¡·¾«Æ·°à£¨ÌýÁ¦£© ¶¡Ñ©Ã÷ £¤100 / £¤100 ±¨Ãû
¡¶´óѧӢÓïËļ¶¡·¾«Æ·°à£¨Ð´×÷£© ¶¡Ñ©Ã÷ £¤100 / £¤100 ±¨Ãû