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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  Passage Four
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  Some houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.
  Located on the shore of Sullivan’s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane (飓风) Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state.
  Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict, according to architect Ray Huff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivan’s Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.
  At first sight, the house on Sullivan’s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern (�笼)� at night, according to one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house’s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.
  To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings—long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach-front buildings,� said Huff.
  Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,� said Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.
  36. After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina’s shore line are required ________.
  A) to be easily reinforced
  B) to look smarter in design
  C) to meet stricter building standards
  D) to be designed in the shape of cubes(C)
  37. The award-winning beach house is quite strong because ________.
  A) it is strengthened by steel rods
  B) it is made of redwood
  C) it is in the shape of a shell
  D) it is built with timber and concrete(A)
  38. Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to ________.
  A) withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hr
  B) anchor stronger pilings deep in the sand
  C) break huge sea waves into smaller ones
  D) prevent water from rushing into the house(D)
  39. The main function of the shell is ________.
  A) to strengthen the pilings of the house
  B) to give the house a better appearance
  C) to protect the wooden frame of the house
  D) to slow down the speed of the swelling water(B)
  40. It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be ________.
  A) fancy-looking
  B) waterproof
  C) easily breakable
  D) extremely strong(C)
  这篇�料的内容核心是防风暴的海边房屋。文章开篇很有��,巧妙地利用smart的多��义,达到了�关语的效果。Some houses are designed to be smart,Others have smart designs。smart的��很多,如巧妙的,�明的,漂亮的,潇洒的,��的。个smart应该是漂亮�时髦的��,而第二个则是�明的��。这两��的��就是:有些房�设计时是为了漂亮,�一些房�的设计�能显现智慧。而�作者举出了第二�情况的一个例�,这就引出了文章的核心:防风屋,�文的smart则暗示文章讨论的�点�能在于这�房屋的设计�明在何处。
  段语焉�详,必然引起读者诸多悬疑,第二段马上把事情�����了概述。这栋�明的房屋�于��罗�纳的�岛屿海岸,建造目的是为了代替�年�被飓风摧�的屋�。�年�的那场飓风造�了18人死亡,破�或摧�36000座房屋(killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes)。这一数�旨在说明设计这样一所“�明�房屋的�义所在。
  事件概述完毕,读者基本了解了这栋房屋的由�。接下�,作者�以把房屋的设计�过详细说明了。
  还是从为何�考虑建造这样一座房屋说起。第二段已��到,原因是飓风的破�力太大,这也从�一方�说明房�的抗风性很差。根�建筑师Ray Huff的说法,这里以�的房�都是简简��建造起�,房�建造�求方�的法律也很�散(poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn’t strict)。飓风给人们�了个醒(In Hugo’s wake),新的法规更为严格了,所有新建房屋必须能够抵御一定�级飓风的冲击,比如Huff设计的这所房�就能抵御时速179 到209 公里的飓风(should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane)。
  房屋由�介�完毕,该�述一下房屋本身了。第四段介�了房�的外观。看过房�的人说它在晚上就�一个大�笼(it resemble “a large party lantern � at night),而实际上,房屋的木质结构已�被钢管加强了(long steel rods to give it extra strength.)。
  这是房�设计上的个特点:钢管。为了使房���飓风破�,设计者还用木桩把房�支起,使其离地2.7米(raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings)。这是第二个特点。木桩都�常�固,足以支�房屋��(strong enough to support the weight);而木桩�供的空间�以使海水从屋底�过,���入屋内(pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it)。
  �一段还讲了�外一个设计特点。Huff在木桩外�设计了一圈护�(the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell),这主�是出于视觉美观的考虑(so that the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up)。这一设计会�会使得木桩结构失效呢?�会,在�到海水冲击时,围�会很容易破碎,从而让海水从屋底�过(the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house)。
  36. C
  题目问在由Hugo飓风所引起的�难�生之�,��罗�纳海岸附近的新建房屋被�求……
  相关信��以在第三段中找到:In Hugo’s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, better-enforced codes,��是在飓风警醒下,新建的房�都必须�满足更为严格的规定。
  A,简�地加固。文中有相关�述,Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina’s shoreline were poorly constructed。这里的poorly constructed与easily reinforced��近似,�过注�这里是飓风袭击之�,而题目问的是之�。
  B,设计上�看上去更为�明。这一说法出现在段,特指Huff所设计的房�,而�是所有的新建房�。从��上讲,新建的房���满足政府规定的�求就�以了,没必���在�明的设计上下功夫。
  C,满足更为严格的建筑标准。这个说法与我们的分�一致。
  D,�设计�立方体形。立方体形也是Huff所设计房�的独有特点,此说法的错误与B一样。
  37. A
  题目问获奖的海边房屋之所以�常�固是因为……
  A,�到了钢管的加固。
  B,�料是红木。
  C,外形为壳状。
  D,由木�和混�土筑�。
  �固与�与设计相关,答案应该在�述房屋设计特点的内容中寻找。由篇章分��知,文章讲到这所获奖房屋设计上的特点是�三段,�一段�到一�特点,分别是第四段的钢管加固(wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods),第五段的木桩悬撑(Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings),和第六段的围�(the house’s ground-to-roof shell)。其中点是为了加固,第二点是为了��海水冲入房内,第三点是为了美观。显然,这�题应该选择A。
  38. D
  题目问Huff利用木桩把房�撑起至离地2.7米的高度,目的是什么。
  用木桩撑起房屋,这是文章所介�的Huff设计中的第二点。答案应该在第五段中寻找。
  A,为了抵御快时速200公里的强风。这是第三段末尾的一��所�到的内容,目的是为了说明如今的建房�求比以��严格多了,与木桩无关。按���说,房�越高,抵御风力的能力应该越弱。
  B,为了使更为�固的木桩深深地楔入沙地。第五段���到了类似内容:long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand,木桩深入沙地,这应该是为了使支撑房屋全部��的木桩更为稳固,与为何用木桩撑起房�的目的无关。
  C,将巨大的海浪击�细浪。第五段应该没有类似的说法,倒是第六段里出现了break apart这样表示破碎的�组,但是这里破碎的是围�,�是海浪。
  D,使海水�致冲入房内。第五段��部分是对目的的解释。作者先是自己�了说明:The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it。这��和D的说法一致。应该选择D。
  39. B
  题目问围�的主�功能是什么。
  A,加强房屋木桩的�固度。
  B,使房屋外观更加美观。
  C,�护房�的木质结构。
  D,�缓暴涨海水的速度。
  文章的结构�常清晰,讲围�的内容完全�定在�一段。这一段一共三��,�Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house’s ground-to-roof shell,这里介�的应该是围�的功能:��部分木桩。但这��没有讲��的目的是什么。第二�用Huff的�交代了目的:the house doesn’t look like it’s standing with its pant legs pulled up,使房��至于看起��是光�腿——这应该是出于美观的考虑。第三�附带说明围�并�会影�海水从屋底通过。这样的�,应该选择B。
  40. C
  这�题问从文章�以推断出围�应当是……
  这�题�然是在讲围�,那好,�一段的三��我们都已�分�过了,�须看看四个选项是如何推�的,排除错误的说法��。
  A,外观漂亮。�一段的三��中讲到美观的�有第二�。�过这个美观是指�至于使整个房屋样貌太难看,至于围�本身如何,文章没有�到,也就无从推�。
  B,防水。�说围��以把木桩��,似乎有防水功能,但第三��说the shell should break apart,围��以被水冲碎,��并�防水。
  C,易碎。the shell should break apart这��讲到围�在海水冲击下会碎掉,但是�是很容易碎掉没有说明。��还有一�and let the waves rush under the house,��是围�碎掉是为了使海浪从屋底冲过。从这里�以推测,如果围��是很容易碎掉的�,那么冲击力很强的海水就�能冲倒房屋,因此围�一定是易碎的。�以选择C。
  D,�为�固。这个说法和C相�,是错误的。

  编辑推�:
  2011年12月英语四级阅读试题�答案汇总
  2011年6月英语四级阅读试题�答案汇总

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