历年英è¯å››çº§é˜…读真题全解æž�(2002-2004)
- 第1页:2002.1�Passageone
- 第2页:2002.1�PassageTwo
- 第3页:2002.1�PassageThree
- 第4页:2002.1�PassageFour
- 第5页:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6页:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9页:2003.1-Passage One
  Passage Four
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That’s especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It’s also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (æ”¶å…»å©å�的家åº) because of parents who can’t or won’t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.
  Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody baffle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claim� on her.
  The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue.
  Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly’s biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn’t the Twiggs’ own daughter, but Kimt only was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting fights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.
  The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.
  Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.
  36. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?
  A) The biological link.
  B) The child’s benefits.
  C) The traditional practice.
  D) The parents’ feelings.(B)
  37. We can learn from the Kimberly case that ________.
  A) children are more than just personal possessions of their parents
  B) the biological link between parent and child should be emphasized
  C) foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care
  D) biological parents shouldn’t claim custody rights after their child is adopted(D)
  38. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because ________.
  A) they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays’ custody
  B) they regarded her as their property
  C) they were her biological parents
  D) they felt guilty about their past mistake(C)
  39. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays ________.
  A) by sheer accident
  B) out of charity
  C) at his request
  D) for better care(C)
  40. The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as ________.
  A) doubtful
  B) critical
  C) cautious
  D) supportive(A)
  这篇æ��料讲的是亲生父æ¯�与养父æ¯�对å©å�的优先æ�ƒåˆ©é—®é¢˜ã€‚段å�ªæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¼•篇,主è¦�å�‘äººä»¬ä¼ è¾¾ä¸€ä¸ªä¿¡æ�¯ï¼Œå�³å¾ˆå¤šç”±å…»çˆ¶æ¯�监护下的å©å�比亲生父æ¯�照料下的å©å�æ›´åŠ å�¥åº·ä¹Ÿæ›´åŠ å¿«ä¹�(healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them——dealå�šå�Šç‰©åЍè¯�时是“给予â€�çš„æ„�æ€�)。而å�Žä¸¾äº†ä¸¤ä¸ªä¾‹å�åŠ ä»¥è¯´æ˜Žã€‚ç¬¬äºŒæ®µå¼€å§‹è¿›å…¥ä¸»é¢˜ï¼Œä»‹ç»�了Kimberly Mays的优先监护æ�ƒçš„æ¡ˆä¾‹ã€‚
  这一段呈现的信æ�¯åŒ…括Kimberly Mays的年龄,其养父æ¯�的情况(å�ªæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå…»çˆ¶ï¼‰ï¼Œç”Ÿèº«çˆ¶æ¯�的情况(从æ�¥æœªä¸Žå…¶ç”Ÿæ´»è¿‡ï¼Œwith whom she has never lived),以å�Šæ¡ˆä»¶çš„结果(继ç»ä¸Žå…»çˆ¶ç”Ÿæ´»ï¼Œé©³å›žäº²ç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�çš„è¦�求,remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claimâ€� on her)。
  下一段æ�示了这一案件结果所蕴å�«çš„æ„�义:sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue,æ„�æ€�æ˜¯å®ƒé¢ è¦†äº†ç”Ÿç�†è�”系对家åºå…³ç³»çš„首è¦�决定作用,这是一项迟æ�¥çš„é‡�è¦�的进展。
  第四段把这个案件的始末详细地å�™è¿°äº†ä¸€é��。早在1978年,Kimberly Mays与å�¦å¤–一个婴儿被阴错阳差地互æ�¢äº†çˆ¶æ¯�。å�¦å¤–一个å©å�在1988å¹´ç”Ÿç—…å¤æŠ˜ï¼Œæ¤æ—¶ç»�过测试æ‰�知é�“这个å©å�ä¸�是Kimberly生父æ¯�çš„å©å�。Kimberly生父æ¯�ç”±æ¤ä¸Žå…¶å…»çˆ¶å±•开了一场争夺监护æ�ƒçš„æ–—争,å�Žå�Œæ–¹è¾¾æˆ�å��议,养父ä¿�留监护æ�ƒï¼Œç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�有探望的æ�ƒåˆ©ï¼›ä½†å…»çˆ¶è‹¥è®¤ä¸ºç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�的探望使Kimberlyå�—到了伤害,则该æ�ƒåˆ©ç»ˆæ¢ï¼ˆThose rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed)。
ã€€ã€€ä¸‹ä¸€æ®µæ˜¯æ¤æ¡ˆçš„一些å�Žç»æ��述,主è¦�æ˜¯æ³•å®˜å¯¹æ¤æ¡ˆçš„相关解释。点说明是Kimberly did have standing to sue on her own behalf Kimberly也有æ�ƒä¸ºäº†è‡ªå·±çš„利益æ��起诉讼(比如,å�‡è®¾åœ¨ç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�çš„ç»�济状况远好于养父的情况下)。第二点基于点,说明赋予Kimberly这项æ�ƒåˆ©çš„目的:她并ä¸�是大人们争æ�¥æŠ¢åŽ»çš„è´¢äº§ï¼ˆmore than just property to be handled as adults saw fit)。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µæ€»ç»“这一案件的æ„�义所在。首先是亲生父æ¯�的监护æ�ƒå¹¶ä¸�总是优先于养父æ¯�(biological parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones),其次是血缘关系并ä¸�æ„�味ç�€äº²ç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�å�¯ä»¥å‰¥å¤ºå©å�全部的æ�ƒåˆ©ï¼ˆbiological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children)。
  36. B
  这�题问佛罗里达法官的判决首���什么考虑。
  A,血缘关系。
  B,å©å�的利益。
  Cï¼Œä¼ ç»Ÿä¹ æƒ¯ã€‚
  D,父�的感�。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« æ��到佛罗里达法官的判决是在第二段,判决的内容是:A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claimâ€� on her,æ„�æ€�是当事人å�¯ä»¥ç»§ç»å’Œå…»çˆ¶ç”Ÿæ´»åœ¨ä¸€èµ·ï¼Œè€Œç”Ÿèº«çˆ¶æ¯�对她ä¸�享有å�ˆæ³•æ�ƒåˆ©ã€‚从判决本身看ä¸�出该判决的主è¦�ä¾�æ�®ã€‚
ã€€ã€€å› ä¸ºè¿™æ˜¯é¢˜ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ç”æ¡ˆåº”该到段去寻找。段å�¥è¯�就指出许多å©å�和养父æ¯�生活会更å�¥åº·å’Œå¹¸ç¦�(many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them),这å�¥è¯�有统领全文æ��纲的作用,应该说全文内容都和它有关。如果把法官的判决和这å�¥è¯�è�”系起æ�¥çš„è¯�,那么法官ä¾�æ�®çš„å�ªèƒ½æ˜¯B的说法:å©å�的利益(å�¥åº·å’Œå¹¸ç¦�)。
  关于A的说法,第三段已�直截了当地�定了:sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage。
  而Cçš„è¯´æ³•åœ¨æ–‡ä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��到,D的说法较为å�«æ··ï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰è¯´æ˜Žæ˜¯å…»çˆ¶æ¯�还是亲生父æ¯�,本身就有问题。
  37. D
  题目问我们能从Kimberly的案å�了解到什么。
  A,å©å�ä¸�仅仅是父æ¯�的个人财产。
  B,父æ¯�å’Œå©å�的血缘关系应该å�—到é‡�视。
  C,养父æ¯�带给å©å�的痛苦和折磨比关爱è¦�多。
  D,亲生父æ¯�ä¸�应在å©å�被人领养å�Žè¦�求其监护æ�ƒã€‚
  题目没有告诉我们是è¦�考查哪一段,关键è¯�也ä¸�具有针对性,需è¦�我们自己缩å°�æ�œç´¢ç”案的范围。全文一共6段,å‰�两段是大段,第三段为å°�段,而å�Žæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¤§æ®µå’Œä¸¤ä¸ªå°�段,å�¯ä»¥è¯´æ–‡ç« çš„é‡�心在å‰�é�¢ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„è¯�,本题作为第二题ä¸�å�¯èƒ½åŽ»è€ƒæŸ¥ç¬¬å››ä¸ªå¤§æ®µçš„å†…å®¹ã€‚é‰´äºŽé¢˜è€ƒå¯Ÿå†…å®¹æ¶‰å�Šæ®µå’Œç¬¬äºŒæ®µï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜è€ƒæŸ¥ç¬¬äºŒä¸‰æ®µçš„å�¯èƒ½æ€§å¤§ã€‚
  观察第二段的内容,å�¯ä»¥è¯´æ ¸å¿ƒè¯�就是custody rights。第二å�¥è®²çš„æ˜¯ä¸¤ä¸ªå®¶åºå¦‚何展开监护æ�ƒæˆ˜äº‰ï¼Œç¬¬ä¸‰å�¥è®²çš„æ˜¯æ³•官终判决亲生父æ¯�ä¸�享有监护æ�ƒã€‚
  第三段是对法官这一判决的�义的探讨,内容�然是强调�护养父�的�利。
ã€€ã€€è¿™æ ·çœ‹æ�¥ï¼Œä½œè€…对Kimberly的案å�的关注点完全在å©å�的监护æ�ƒä¸Šã€‚å››ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹ä¸æ��到这一点的å�ªæœ‰D,所以应该毫ä¸�犹豫地选择D。
  D的说法在文ä¸å˜åœ¨ç›´æŽ¥çš„ç�€è�½ç‚¹ã€‚法官的判决ä¸è¯´åˆ°äº²ç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�have “no legal claimâ€� on her,å�³â€œæ²¡æœ‰å�ˆæ³•è¦�求â€�,æ�¢å�¥è¯�说,就是对她的监护æ�ƒè¦�求是é�žæ³•的,也就是ä¸�应è¦�求监护æ�ƒã€‚
  38. C
  题目问Twiggs夫妇è¦�求对Kimberly的监护æ�ƒï¼Œæ˜¯å› 为……
  A,他们�现她在Mays先生的监护下过得并�快�。
  B,他们把她当作自己的财产。
  C,他们是她的亲生父�。
  D,他们对过去的过错感到内疚。
  这é�“题有一定难度,除了å�¯ä»¥æ˜Žç¡®Açš„è¯´æ³•åœ¨æ–‡ç« ä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��åˆ°ä¹‹å¤–ï¼Œå…¶ä½™å‡ é¡¹éƒ½æœ‰ä¸€å®šçš„é�“ç�†ã€‚è€Œå…³é”®é—®é¢˜åœ¨äºŽï¼Œæ–‡ç« æœ¬èº«å®žé™…ä¸Šä¹Ÿæ²¡æœ‰æ¸…æ™°åœ°è¯´æ˜Žå¤«å¦‡è¦�求监护æ�ƒçš„åŽŸå› ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜å�ªèƒ½å€ŸåŠ©äºŽæŽ¨æ–。
  B的说法在文ä¸å�¯ä»¥æ‰¾åˆ°æ¨¡ç³Šçš„ç�€è�½ç‚¹ã€‚倒数第二段æ��到Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit,这里é�¢å‡ºçŽ°äº†property一è¯�,如果对文æ„�似懂é�žæ‡‚,很有å�¯èƒ½ä¼šé€‰æ‹©è¿™ä¸€é¡¹ã€‚è¿™å�¥è¯�çš„æ„�æ€�是法官借æ¤åˆ¤å†³å�‘äººä»¬ä¼ è¾¾è¿™æ ·ä¸€æ�¡ä¿¡æ�¯ï¼šå¥¹ä¸�仅仅是大人肆æ„�处置的对象。判决内容是这个女å©å�¯ä»¥ä¸ºè‡ªå·±çš„利益自行æ��出起诉(Kimberly did have standing tosue on her own behalf),和Twiggså¤«å¦‡æ²¡æœ‰å…³ç³»ã€‚ä»Žæ–‡ç« çš„è¿™å�¥è¯�å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œæˆ�ä¸�æˆ�为财产是从女å©çš„æ„Ÿå�—出å�‘,至于夫妇有没有把女å©å½“ä½œè´¢äº§æ˜¯æ— æ³•æŽ¨æ–çš„ã€‚å› æ¤å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除B。
  C的说法在文ä¸ä¹Ÿæ²¡æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥çš„è¯�æ�®ï¼Œä½†å�¯ä»¥æ‰¾åˆ°å¤šå¤„相关点。首先,在第二段首次引出Kimberly案å�的时候,作者就使用了biological parents这个è¯�组。第四段介ç»�夫妇如何错收了å©å�,讲到夫妇在得知å©å�ä¸�是亲生女儿å�Žï¼Œç«‹å�³ä¸ŽMays先生展开监护æ�ƒçš„æ–—争。从这个å�™è¿°çš„衔接顺åº�,多少å�¯ä»¥æ„Ÿè§‰åˆ°å¤«å¦‡æƒ³è¦�争夺监护æ�ƒæ˜¯å› 为女儿是他们亲生的。æ¤å¤–,第三段和å�Žä¸€æ®µæ˜¯ä½œè€…的议论,内容都是亲生父æ¯�对å©å�çš„æ�ƒåˆ©é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå�¯è§�æ–‡ç« æ ¸å¿ƒæ€�想与“亲生â€�有关,那么选择C应该是稳妥的办法。
  至于D,从常ç�†æ�¥è¯´è¾ƒä¸ºç¬¦å�ˆå®žé™…,但在文ä¸å§‹ç»ˆæ‰¾ä¸�到类似的æ��述,所以必须排除。
  39. A
  这é�“题问Kimberly被é€�ç»™Mayså…ˆç”Ÿæ˜¯å› ä¸ºä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  A,仅仅是�外。
  B,出于慈善目的。
  C,在他的�求之下。
  D,为了得到更好的照顾。
  本题的难度在于�解题目的�义。对Kimberly归于Mays的�解,�以有两�:一是婴儿时�外交�给了Mays,二是长大�法官将其判给Mays。
  这é�“题æµ�è¡Œçš„ç”æ¡ˆæ˜¯C,å�¯è§�是把题æ„�ç�†è§£ä¸ºäº†ç¬¬äºŒç§�。而结å�ˆå�„ç§�å› ç´ æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜çš„真实æ„�æ€�应该是ç§�。
  首先,A选项by sheer accident很显然是针对婴å©äº’æ�¢è¯´çš„。长大å�Žå©å�监护æ�ƒçš„归属是由法院判决的,ä¸�å�¯èƒ½å‡ºçްæ„�å¤–å› ç´ ã€‚å‡ºé¢˜è€…ä¸€èˆ¬ä¸�会æ��ä¾›å¦‚æ¤æ¯«ä¸�相干的题支。
  其次,题目ä¸ä½¿ç”¨çš„è°“è¯æ˜¯be given to,give这个动è¯�çš„æ„�义较为宽泛,但相较于法åºåˆ¤å†³ï¼Œå€’æ›´åƒ�是说护士把å©å�抱给了Mays。
  第三,也是具说æœ�力的一个ç�†ç”±æ˜¯ï¼Œé¢˜ç›®æ‰€ç”¨çš„æ—¶æ€�是过去完æˆ�时。å�¯ä»¥å¯¹ç…§ä¸€ä¸‹å‰�å‡ é¢˜ 所使用的时æ€�ï¼Œæœ‰å…³æ–‡ç« å…·ä½“å†…å®¹çš„é—®é¢˜éƒ½æ˜¯ä½¿ç”¨äº†ä¸€èˆ¬è¿‡åŽ»æ—¶ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜å¦‚æžœæ‰€æŒ‡çš„æ˜¯æ³•å®˜çš„åˆ¤å†³çš„è¯�,没有ç�†ç”±ä¸�ç»§ç»ä½¿ç”¨ä¸€èˆ¬è¿‡åŽ»æ—¶ã€‚ä½†æœ¬é¢˜ä½¿ç”¨çš„æ˜¯è¿‡åŽ» 完æˆ�时,说明该事件的å�‘生è¦�早于争夺监护æ�ƒçš„äº‹ä»¶ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆç”æ¡ˆå�ªæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªï¼Œè¯¥äº‹ä»¶å°±æ˜¯å©å�被抱错。
  ç�†è§£äº†é¢˜æ„�之å�Žï¼Œé¢˜ç›®çš„è§£ç”就相对容易了。第四段开头æ��到Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched,这里的mistakenly直接对应Aä¸çš„accident,所以本题选择A。
  40. D
  题目问作者对法官判决的�度�以�述为……
  A,置疑。
  B,批评。
  C,谨慎。
  D,支�。
  法官的判决首次出现在第二段的末尾,æ¤å�Žçš„一段马上对这一判决的æ„�义进行了评论,第四 段ã€�第五段介ç»�的是案件的详情,没有涉å�Šä½œè€…的议论,å�Žä¸€æ®µä½œè€…å†�次出é�¢è®®è®ºåˆ¤å†³çš„æ„�义。所以,è¦�判æ–作者对法官判决的æ€�度,需è¦�ç�†è§£ç¬¬ä¸‰æ®µå’Œå�Žä¸€ æ®µã€‚å› ä¸ºæœ¬é¢˜æ˜¯å�Žä¸€é¢˜ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥é‡�点ç�†è§£å�Žä¸€æ®µå°±å�¯ä»¥äº†ã€‚
  å�Žä¸€æ®µå…±ä¸¤å�¥è¯�。第二å�¥ä»¥but开头,å�¯è§�两å�¥è¯�的关系是转折关系。在转折关系ä¸ï¼Œé‡�心在转折å�Žçš„内容。
  å�¥æŒ‡æ˜Žçˆ¶æ¯�之间的血缘关系是“基本的â€�,并以certainly起头,表示这ç§�情形属于普é��情况。而å�Žä½œè€…è¯�锋一转,指出亲生父æ¯�å¹¶ä¸�总是优先于养父æ¯�,而血缘关系也ä¸�代表对å©å�的拥有ã€�å�¯ä»¥æ— 视å©å�çš„æ�ƒåˆ©ã€‚
  �以看出,第二����是在肯定法官对监护�归属养父的判决,���则肯定了法官对Kimberly有�为了自己的�利�起上诉的判决。所以说,作者的对法官判决的�度应该是支�的。本题选择D。
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That’s especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It’s also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (æ”¶å…»å©å�的家åº) because of parents who can’t or won’t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.
  Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody baffle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claim� on her.
  The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue.
  Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly’s biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn’t the Twiggs’ own daughter, but Kimt only was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting fights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.
  The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.
  Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.
  36. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?
  A) The biological link.
  B) The child’s benefits.
  C) The traditional practice.
  D) The parents’ feelings.(B)
  37. We can learn from the Kimberly case that ________.
  A) children are more than just personal possessions of their parents
  B) the biological link between parent and child should be emphasized
  C) foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care
  D) biological parents shouldn’t claim custody rights after their child is adopted(D)
  38. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because ________.
  A) they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays’ custody
  B) they regarded her as their property
  C) they were her biological parents
  D) they felt guilty about their past mistake(C)
  39. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays ________.
  A) by sheer accident
  B) out of charity
  C) at his request
  D) for better care(C)
  40. The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as ________.
  A) doubtful
  B) critical
  C) cautious
  D) supportive(A)
  这篇æ��料讲的是亲生父æ¯�与养父æ¯�对å©å�的优先æ�ƒåˆ©é—®é¢˜ã€‚段å�ªæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¼•篇,主è¦�å�‘äººä»¬ä¼ è¾¾ä¸€ä¸ªä¿¡æ�¯ï¼Œå�³å¾ˆå¤šç”±å…»çˆ¶æ¯�监护下的å©å�比亲生父æ¯�照料下的å©å�æ›´åŠ å�¥åº·ä¹Ÿæ›´åŠ å¿«ä¹�(healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them——dealå�šå�Šç‰©åЍè¯�时是“给予â€�çš„æ„�æ€�)。而å�Žä¸¾äº†ä¸¤ä¸ªä¾‹å�åŠ ä»¥è¯´æ˜Žã€‚ç¬¬äºŒæ®µå¼€å§‹è¿›å…¥ä¸»é¢˜ï¼Œä»‹ç»�了Kimberly Mays的优先监护æ�ƒçš„æ¡ˆä¾‹ã€‚
  这一段呈现的信æ�¯åŒ…括Kimberly Mays的年龄,其养父æ¯�的情况(å�ªæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå…»çˆ¶ï¼‰ï¼Œç”Ÿèº«çˆ¶æ¯�的情况(从æ�¥æœªä¸Žå…¶ç”Ÿæ´»è¿‡ï¼Œwith whom she has never lived),以å�Šæ¡ˆä»¶çš„结果(继ç»ä¸Žå…»çˆ¶ç”Ÿæ´»ï¼Œé©³å›žäº²ç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�çš„è¦�求,remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claimâ€� on her)。
  下一段æ�示了这一案件结果所蕴å�«çš„æ„�义:sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue,æ„�æ€�æ˜¯å®ƒé¢ è¦†äº†ç”Ÿç�†è�”系对家åºå…³ç³»çš„首è¦�决定作用,这是一项迟æ�¥çš„é‡�è¦�的进展。
  第四段把这个案件的始末详细地å�™è¿°äº†ä¸€é��。早在1978年,Kimberly Mays与å�¦å¤–一个婴儿被阴错阳差地互æ�¢äº†çˆ¶æ¯�。å�¦å¤–一个å©å�在1988å¹´ç”Ÿç—…å¤æŠ˜ï¼Œæ¤æ—¶ç»�过测试æ‰�知é�“这个å©å�ä¸�是Kimberly生父æ¯�çš„å©å�。Kimberly生父æ¯�ç”±æ¤ä¸Žå…¶å…»çˆ¶å±•开了一场争夺监护æ�ƒçš„æ–—争,å�Žå�Œæ–¹è¾¾æˆ�å��议,养父ä¿�留监护æ�ƒï¼Œç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�有探望的æ�ƒåˆ©ï¼›ä½†å…»çˆ¶è‹¥è®¤ä¸ºç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�的探望使Kimberlyå�—到了伤害,则该æ�ƒåˆ©ç»ˆæ¢ï¼ˆThose rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed)。
ã€€ã€€ä¸‹ä¸€æ®µæ˜¯æ¤æ¡ˆçš„一些å�Žç»æ��述,主è¦�æ˜¯æ³•å®˜å¯¹æ¤æ¡ˆçš„相关解释。点说明是Kimberly did have standing to sue on her own behalf Kimberly也有æ�ƒä¸ºäº†è‡ªå·±çš„利益æ��起诉讼(比如,å�‡è®¾åœ¨ç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�çš„ç»�济状况远好于养父的情况下)。第二点基于点,说明赋予Kimberly这项æ�ƒåˆ©çš„目的:她并ä¸�是大人们争æ�¥æŠ¢åŽ»çš„è´¢äº§ï¼ˆmore than just property to be handled as adults saw fit)。
  å�Žä¸€æ®µæ€»ç»“这一案件的æ„�义所在。首先是亲生父æ¯�的监护æ�ƒå¹¶ä¸�总是优先于养父æ¯�(biological parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones),其次是血缘关系并ä¸�æ„�味ç�€äº²ç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�å�¯ä»¥å‰¥å¤ºå©å�全部的æ�ƒåˆ©ï¼ˆbiological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children)。
  36. B
  这�题问佛罗里达法官的判决首���什么考虑。
  A,血缘关系。
  B,å©å�的利益。
  Cï¼Œä¼ ç»Ÿä¹ æƒ¯ã€‚
  D,父�的感�。
ã€€ã€€æ–‡ç« æ��到佛罗里达法官的判决是在第二段,判决的内容是:A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claimâ€� on her,æ„�æ€�是当事人å�¯ä»¥ç»§ç»å’Œå…»çˆ¶ç”Ÿæ´»åœ¨ä¸€èµ·ï¼Œè€Œç”Ÿèº«çˆ¶æ¯�对她ä¸�享有å�ˆæ³•æ�ƒåˆ©ã€‚从判决本身看ä¸�出该判决的主è¦�ä¾�æ�®ã€‚
ã€€ã€€å› ä¸ºè¿™æ˜¯é¢˜ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥ç”æ¡ˆåº”该到段去寻找。段å�¥è¯�就指出许多å©å�和养父æ¯�生活会更å�¥åº·å’Œå¹¸ç¦�(many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them),这å�¥è¯�有统领全文æ��纲的作用,应该说全文内容都和它有关。如果把法官的判决和这å�¥è¯�è�”系起æ�¥çš„è¯�,那么法官ä¾�æ�®çš„å�ªèƒ½æ˜¯B的说法:å©å�的利益(å�¥åº·å’Œå¹¸ç¦�)。
  关于A的说法,第三段已�直截了当地�定了:sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage。
  而Cçš„è¯´æ³•åœ¨æ–‡ä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��到,D的说法较为å�«æ··ï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰è¯´æ˜Žæ˜¯å…»çˆ¶æ¯�还是亲生父æ¯�,本身就有问题。
  37. D
  题目问我们能从Kimberly的案å�了解到什么。
  A,å©å�ä¸�仅仅是父æ¯�的个人财产。
  B,父æ¯�å’Œå©å�的血缘关系应该å�—到é‡�视。
  C,养父æ¯�带给å©å�的痛苦和折磨比关爱è¦�多。
  D,亲生父æ¯�ä¸�应在å©å�被人领养å�Žè¦�求其监护æ�ƒã€‚
  题目没有告诉我们是è¦�考查哪一段,关键è¯�也ä¸�具有针对性,需è¦�我们自己缩å°�æ�œç´¢ç”案的范围。全文一共6段,å‰�两段是大段,第三段为å°�段,而å�Žæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå¤§æ®µå’Œä¸¤ä¸ªå°�段,å�¯ä»¥è¯´æ–‡ç« çš„é‡�心在å‰�é�¢ã€‚è¿™æ ·çš„è¯�,本题作为第二题ä¸�å�¯èƒ½åŽ»è€ƒæŸ¥ç¬¬å››ä¸ªå¤§æ®µçš„å†…å®¹ã€‚é‰´äºŽé¢˜è€ƒå¯Ÿå†…å®¹æ¶‰å�Šæ®µå’Œç¬¬äºŒæ®µï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜è€ƒæŸ¥ç¬¬äºŒä¸‰æ®µçš„å�¯èƒ½æ€§å¤§ã€‚
  观察第二段的内容,å�¯ä»¥è¯´æ ¸å¿ƒè¯�就是custody rights。第二å�¥è®²çš„æ˜¯ä¸¤ä¸ªå®¶åºå¦‚何展开监护æ�ƒæˆ˜äº‰ï¼Œç¬¬ä¸‰å�¥è®²çš„æ˜¯æ³•官终判决亲生父æ¯�ä¸�享有监护æ�ƒã€‚
  第三段是对法官这一判决的�义的探讨,内容�然是强调�护养父�的�利。
ã€€ã€€è¿™æ ·çœ‹æ�¥ï¼Œä½œè€…对Kimberly的案å�的关注点完全在å©å�的监护æ�ƒä¸Šã€‚å››ä¸ªé€‰é¡¹ä¸æ��到这一点的å�ªæœ‰D,所以应该毫ä¸�犹豫地选择D。
  D的说法在文ä¸å˜åœ¨ç›´æŽ¥çš„ç�€è�½ç‚¹ã€‚法官的判决ä¸è¯´åˆ°äº²ç”Ÿçˆ¶æ¯�have “no legal claimâ€� on her,å�³â€œæ²¡æœ‰å�ˆæ³•è¦�求â€�,æ�¢å�¥è¯�说,就是对她的监护æ�ƒè¦�求是é�žæ³•的,也就是ä¸�应è¦�求监护æ�ƒã€‚
  38. C
  题目问Twiggs夫妇è¦�求对Kimberly的监护æ�ƒï¼Œæ˜¯å› 为……
  A,他们�现她在Mays先生的监护下过得并�快�。
  B,他们把她当作自己的财产。
  C,他们是她的亲生父�。
  D,他们对过去的过错感到内疚。
  这é�“题有一定难度,除了å�¯ä»¥æ˜Žç¡®Açš„è¯´æ³•åœ¨æ–‡ç« ä¸æ²¡æœ‰æ��åˆ°ä¹‹å¤–ï¼Œå…¶ä½™å‡ é¡¹éƒ½æœ‰ä¸€å®šçš„é�“ç�†ã€‚è€Œå…³é”®é—®é¢˜åœ¨äºŽï¼Œæ–‡ç« æœ¬èº«å®žé™…ä¸Šä¹Ÿæ²¡æœ‰æ¸…æ™°åœ°è¯´æ˜Žå¤«å¦‡è¦�求监护æ�ƒçš„åŽŸå› ã€‚å› æ¤ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜å�ªèƒ½å€ŸåŠ©äºŽæŽ¨æ–。
  B的说法在文ä¸å�¯ä»¥æ‰¾åˆ°æ¨¡ç³Šçš„ç�€è�½ç‚¹ã€‚倒数第二段æ��到Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit,这里é�¢å‡ºçŽ°äº†property一è¯�,如果对文æ„�似懂é�žæ‡‚,很有å�¯èƒ½ä¼šé€‰æ‹©è¿™ä¸€é¡¹ã€‚è¿™å�¥è¯�çš„æ„�æ€�是法官借æ¤åˆ¤å†³å�‘äººä»¬ä¼ è¾¾è¿™æ ·ä¸€æ�¡ä¿¡æ�¯ï¼šå¥¹ä¸�仅仅是大人肆æ„�处置的对象。判决内容是这个女å©å�¯ä»¥ä¸ºè‡ªå·±çš„利益自行æ��出起诉(Kimberly did have standing tosue on her own behalf),和Twiggså¤«å¦‡æ²¡æœ‰å…³ç³»ã€‚ä»Žæ–‡ç« çš„è¿™å�¥è¯�å�¯ä»¥çœ‹å‡ºï¼Œæˆ�ä¸�æˆ�为财产是从女å©çš„æ„Ÿå�—出å�‘,至于夫妇有没有把女å©å½“ä½œè´¢äº§æ˜¯æ— æ³•æŽ¨æ–çš„ã€‚å› æ¤å�¯ä»¥æŽ’除B。
  C的说法在文ä¸ä¹Ÿæ²¡æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥çš„è¯�æ�®ï¼Œä½†å�¯ä»¥æ‰¾åˆ°å¤šå¤„相关点。首先,在第二段首次引出Kimberly案å�的时候,作者就使用了biological parents这个è¯�组。第四段介ç»�夫妇如何错收了å©å�,讲到夫妇在得知å©å�ä¸�是亲生女儿å�Žï¼Œç«‹å�³ä¸ŽMays先生展开监护æ�ƒçš„æ–—争。从这个å�™è¿°çš„衔接顺åº�,多少å�¯ä»¥æ„Ÿè§‰åˆ°å¤«å¦‡æƒ³è¦�争夺监护æ�ƒæ˜¯å› 为女儿是他们亲生的。æ¤å¤–,第三段和å�Žä¸€æ®µæ˜¯ä½œè€…的议论,内容都是亲生父æ¯�对å©å�çš„æ�ƒåˆ©é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå�¯è§�æ–‡ç« æ ¸å¿ƒæ€�想与“亲生â€�有关,那么选择C应该是稳妥的办法。
  至于D,从常ç�†æ�¥è¯´è¾ƒä¸ºç¬¦å�ˆå®žé™…,但在文ä¸å§‹ç»ˆæ‰¾ä¸�到类似的æ��述,所以必须排除。
  39. A
  这é�“题问Kimberly被é€�ç»™Mayså…ˆç”Ÿæ˜¯å› ä¸ºä»€ä¹ˆã€‚
  A,仅仅是�外。
  B,出于慈善目的。
  C,在他的�求之下。
  D,为了得到更好的照顾。
  本题的难度在于�解题目的�义。对Kimberly归于Mays的�解,�以有两�:一是婴儿时�外交�给了Mays,二是长大�法官将其判给Mays。
  这é�“题æµ�è¡Œçš„ç”æ¡ˆæ˜¯C,å�¯è§�是把题æ„�ç�†è§£ä¸ºäº†ç¬¬äºŒç§�。而结å�ˆå�„ç§�å› ç´ æ�¥çœ‹ï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜çš„真实æ„�æ€�应该是ç§�。
  首先,A选项by sheer accident很显然是针对婴å©äº’æ�¢è¯´çš„。长大å�Žå©å�监护æ�ƒçš„归属是由法院判决的,ä¸�å�¯èƒ½å‡ºçްæ„�å¤–å› ç´ ã€‚å‡ºé¢˜è€…ä¸€èˆ¬ä¸�会æ��ä¾›å¦‚æ¤æ¯«ä¸�相干的题支。
  其次,题目ä¸ä½¿ç”¨çš„è°“è¯æ˜¯be given to,give这个动è¯�çš„æ„�义较为宽泛,但相较于法åºåˆ¤å†³ï¼Œå€’æ›´åƒ�是说护士把å©å�抱给了Mays。
  第三,也是具说æœ�力的一个ç�†ç”±æ˜¯ï¼Œé¢˜ç›®æ‰€ç”¨çš„æ—¶æ€�是过去完æˆ�时。å�¯ä»¥å¯¹ç…§ä¸€ä¸‹å‰�å‡ é¢˜ 所使用的时æ€�ï¼Œæœ‰å…³æ–‡ç« å…·ä½“å†…å®¹çš„é—®é¢˜éƒ½æ˜¯ä½¿ç”¨äº†ä¸€èˆ¬è¿‡åŽ»æ—¶ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆï¼Œæœ¬é¢˜å¦‚æžœæ‰€æŒ‡çš„æ˜¯æ³•å®˜çš„åˆ¤å†³çš„è¯�,没有ç�†ç”±ä¸�ç»§ç»ä½¿ç”¨ä¸€èˆ¬è¿‡åŽ»æ—¶ã€‚ä½†æœ¬é¢˜ä½¿ç”¨çš„æ˜¯è¿‡åŽ» 完æˆ�时,说明该事件的å�‘生è¦�早于争夺监护æ�ƒçš„äº‹ä»¶ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆç”æ¡ˆå�ªæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªï¼Œè¯¥äº‹ä»¶å°±æ˜¯å©å�被抱错。
  ç�†è§£äº†é¢˜æ„�之å�Žï¼Œé¢˜ç›®çš„è§£ç”就相对容易了。第四段开头æ��到Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched,这里的mistakenly直接对应Aä¸çš„accident,所以本题选择A。
  40. D
  题目问作者对法官判决的�度�以�述为……
  A,置疑。
  B,批评。
  C,谨慎。
  D,支�。
  法官的判决首次出现在第二段的末尾,æ¤å�Žçš„一段马上对这一判决的æ„�义进行了评论,第四 段ã€�第五段介ç»�的是案件的详情,没有涉å�Šä½œè€…的议论,å�Žä¸€æ®µä½œè€…å†�次出é�¢è®®è®ºåˆ¤å†³çš„æ„�义。所以,è¦�判æ–作者对法官判决的æ€�度,需è¦�ç�†è§£ç¬¬ä¸‰æ®µå’Œå�Žä¸€ æ®µã€‚å› ä¸ºæœ¬é¢˜æ˜¯å�Žä¸€é¢˜ï¼Œæ‰€ä»¥é‡�点ç�†è§£å�Žä¸€æ®µå°±å�¯ä»¥äº†ã€‚
  å�Žä¸€æ®µå…±ä¸¤å�¥è¯�。第二å�¥ä»¥but开头,å�¯è§�两å�¥è¯�的关系是转折关系。在转折关系ä¸ï¼Œé‡�心在转折å�Žçš„内容。
  å�¥æŒ‡æ˜Žçˆ¶æ¯�之间的血缘关系是“基本的â€�,并以certainly起头,表示这ç§�情形属于普é��情况。而å�Žä½œè€…è¯�锋一转,指出亲生父æ¯�å¹¶ä¸�总是优先于养父æ¯�,而血缘关系也ä¸�代表对å©å�的拥有ã€�å�¯ä»¥æ— 视å©å�çš„æ�ƒåˆ©ã€‚
  �以看出,第二����是在肯定法官对监护�归属养父的判决,���则肯定了法官对Kimberly有�为了自己的�利�起上诉的判决。所以说,作者的对法官判决的�度应该是支�的。本题选择D。
  编辑推�:
  2011å¹´12月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
  2011å¹´6月英è¯å››çº§é˜…读试题å�Šç”案汇总
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