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历年英语四级阅读真题全解�(2002-2004)

  Passage Four
  Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
  It’s no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That’s especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It’s also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩�的家庭) because of parents who can’t or won’t care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.
  Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody baffle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claim� on her.
  The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue.
  Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly’s biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn’t the Twiggs’ own daughter, but Kimt only was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting fights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.
  The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue (起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.
  Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.
  36. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?
  A) The biological link.
  B) The child’s benefits.
  C) The traditional practice.
  D) The parents’ feelings.(B)
  37. We can learn from the Kimberly case that ________.
  A) children are more than just personal possessions of their parents
  B) the biological link between parent and child should be emphasized
  C) foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care
  D) biological parents shouldn’t claim custody rights after their child is adopted(D)
  38. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because ________.
  A) they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays’ custody
  B) they regarded her as their property
  C) they were her biological parents
  D) they felt guilty about their past mistake(C)
  39. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays ________.
  A) by sheer accident
  B) out of charity
  C) at his request
  D) for better care(C)
  40. The author’s attitude towards the judge’s ruling could be described as ________.
  A) doubtful
  B) critical
  C) cautious
  D) supportive(A)
  这篇�料讲的是亲生父�与养父�对孩�的优先�利问题。段�是一个引篇,主��人们传达一个信�,�很多由养父�监护下的孩�比亲生父�照料下的孩�更加�康也更加快�(healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them——deal��物动�时是“给予�的��)。而�举了两个例�加以说明。第二段开始进入主题,介�了Kimberly Mays的优先监护�的案例。
  这一段呈现的信�包括Kimberly Mays的年龄,其养父�的情况(�有一个养父),生身父�的情况(从�未与其生活过,with whom she has never lived),以�案件的结果(继续与养父生活,驳回亲生父�的�求,remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claim� on her)。
  下一段�示了这一案件结果所蕴�的�义:sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That’s an important development, one that’s long overdue,��是它颠覆了生��系对家庭关系的首�决定作用,这是一项迟�的��的进展。
  第四段把这个案件的始末详细地�述了一�。早在1978年,Kimberly Mays与�外一个婴儿被阴错阳差地互�了父�。�外一个孩�在1988年生病夭折,此时�过测试�知�这个孩��是Kimberly生父�的孩�。Kimberly生父�由此与其养父展开了一场争夺监护�的斗争,��方达��议,养父�留监护�,生父�有探望的�利;但养父若认为生父�的探望使Kimberly�到了伤害,则该�利终止(Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed)。
  下一段是此案的一些�续�述,主�是法官对此案的相关解释。点说明是Kimberly did have standing to sue on her own behalf Kimberly也有�为了自己的利益�起诉讼(比如,�设在生父�的�济状况远好于养父的情况下)。第二点基于点,说明赋予Kimberly这项�利的目的:她并�是大人们争�抢去的财产(more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit)。
  �一段总结这一案件的�义所在。首先是亲生父�的监护�并�总是优先于养父�(biological parents aren’t always preferable to adoptive ones),其次是血缘关系并��味�亲生父��以剥夺孩�全部的�利(biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children)。
  36. B
  这�题问佛罗里达法官的判决首���什么考虑。
  A,血缘关系。
  B,孩�的利益。
  C,传统习惯。
  D,父�的感�。
  文章�到佛罗里达法官的判决是在第二段,判决的内容是:A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she’s ever known and that her biological parents have “no legal claim� on her,��是当事人�以继续和养父生活在一起,而生身父�对她�享有�法�利。从判决本身看�出该判决的主���。
  因为这是题,所以答案应该到段去寻找。段��就指出许多孩�和养父�生活会更�康和幸�(many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them),这��有统领全文�纲的作用,应该说全文内容都和它有关。如果把法官的判决和这���系起�的�,那么法官��的�能是B的说法:孩�的利益(�康和幸�)。
  关于A的说法,第三段已�直截了当地�定了:sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage。
  而C的说法在文中没有�到,D的说法较为�混,没有说明是养父�还是亲生父�,本身就有问题。
  37. D
  题目问我们能从Kimberly的案�了解到什么。
  A,孩��仅仅是父�的个人财产。
  B,父�和孩�的血缘关系应该�到�视。
  C,养父�带给孩�的痛苦和折磨比关爱�多。
  D,亲生父��应在孩�被人领养��求其监护�。
  题目没有告诉我们是�考查哪一段,关键�也�具有针对性,需�我们自己缩��索答案的范围。全文一共6段,�两段是大段,第三段为�段,而�是一个大段和两个�段,�以说文章的�心在��。这样的�,本题作为第二题��能去考查第四个大段的内容。鉴于题考察内容涉�段和第二段,本题考查第二三段的�能性大。
  观察第二段的内容,�以说核心�就是custody rights。第二�讲的是两个家庭如何展开监护�战争,第三�讲的是法官终判决亲生父��享有监护�。
  第三段是对法官这一判决的�义的探讨,内容�然是强调�护养父�的�利。
  这样看�,作者对Kimberly的案�的关注点完全在孩�的监护�上。四个选项中�到这一点的�有D,所以应该毫�犹豫地选择D。
  D的说法在文中存在直接的��点。法官的判决中说到亲生父�have “no legal claim� on her,�“没有�法�求�,���说,就是对她的监护��求是�法的,也就是�应�求监护�。
  38. C
  题目问Twiggs夫妇�求对Kimberly的监护�,是因为……
  A,他们�现她在Mays先生的监护下过得并�快�。
  B,他们把她当作自己的财产。
  C,他们是她的亲生父�。
  D,他们对过去的过错感到内疚。
  这�题有一定难度,除了�以明确A的说法在文章中没有�到之外,其余几项都有一定的��。而关键问题在于,文章本身实际上也没有清晰地说明夫妇�求监护�的原因。因此,本题�能借助于推断。
  B的说法在文中�以找到模糊的��点。倒数第二段�到Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit,这里�出现了property一�,如果对文�似懂�懂,很有�能会选择这一项。这��的��是法官借此判决�人们传达这样一�信�:她�仅仅是大人肆�处置的对象。判决内容是这个女孩�以为自己的利益自行�出起诉(Kimberly did have standing tosue on her own behalf),和Twiggs夫妇没有关系。从文章的这���以看出,���为财产是从女孩的感�出�,至于夫妇有没有把女孩当作财产是无法推断的。因此�以排除B。
  C的说法在文中也没有直接的��,但�以找到多处相关点。首先,在第二段首次引出Kimberly案�的时候,作者就使用了biological parents这个�组。第四段介�夫妇如何错收了孩�,讲到夫妇在得知孩��是亲生女儿�,立�与Mays先生展开监护�的斗争。从这个�述的衔接顺�,多少�以感觉到夫妇想�争夺监护�是因为女儿是他们亲生的。此外,第三段和�一段是作者的议论,内容都是亲生父�对孩�的�利问题,��文章核心�想与“亲生�有关,那么选择C应该是稳妥的办法。
  至于D,从常��说较为符�实际,但在文中始终找�到类似的�述,所以必须排除。
  39. A
  这�题问Kimberly被�给Mays先生是因为什么。
  A,仅仅是�外。
  B,出于慈善目的。
  C,在他的�求之下。
  D,为了得到更好的照顾。
  本题的难度在于�解题目的�义。对Kimberly归于Mays的�解,�以有两�:一是婴儿时�外交�给了Mays,二是长大�法官将其判给Mays。
  这�题�行的答案是C,��是把题��解为了第二�。而结���因素�看,本题的真实��应该是�。
  首先,A选项by sheer accident很显然是针对婴孩互�说的。长大�孩�监护�的归属是由法院判决的,��能出现�外因素。出题者一般�会�供如此毫�相干的题支。
  其次,题目中使用的谓语是be given to,give这个动�的�义较为宽泛,但相较于法庭判决,倒更�是说护士把孩�抱给了Mays。
  第三,也是具说�力的一个�由是,题目所用的时�是过去完�时。�以对照一下�几题 所使用的时�,有关文章具体内容的问题都是使用了一般过去时,那么,本题如果所指的是法官的判决的�,没有�由�继续使用一般过去时。但本题使用的是过去 完�时,说明该事件的�生�早于争夺监护�的事件,那么答案�有一个,该事件就是孩�被抱错。
  �解了题�之�,题目的解答就相对容易了。第四段开头�到Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched,这里的mistakenly直接对应A中的accident,所以本题选择A。
  40. D
  题目问作者对法官判决的�度�以�述为……
  A,置疑。
  B,批评。
  C,谨慎。
  D,支�。
  法官的判决首次出现在第二段的末尾,此�的一段马上对这一判决的�义进行了评论,第四 段�第五段介�的是案件的详情,没有涉�作者的议论,�一段作者�次出�议论判决的�义。所以,�判断作者对法官判决的�度,需��解第三段和�一 段。因为本题是�一题,所以�点�解�一段就�以了。
  �一段共两��。第二�以but开头,��两��的关系是转折关系。在转折关系中,�心在转折�的内容。
  �指明父�之间的血缘关系是“基本的�,并以certainly起头,表示这�情形属于普�情况。而�作者�锋一转,指出亲生父�并�总是优先于养父�,而血缘关系也�代表对孩�的拥有��以无视孩�的�利。
  �以看出,第二����是在肯定法官对监护�归属养父的判决,���则肯定了法官对Kimberly有�为了自己的�利�起上诉的判决。所以说,作者的对法官判决的�度应该是支�的。本题选择D。

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